Investigation and Assessment of Landslides and Debris Flows in Sichuan Province of China by Remote Sensing Technique

Taking TM images, ETM images, SPOT images, aerial photos and other remote sensing data as fundamental sources, this research makes a thorough investigation on landslides and debris flows in Sichuan Province, China, using the method of manual interpretation and taking topography maps as references after the processes of terrain correction, spectral matching, and image mosaic. And then, the spatial characteristics of landslides and debris flows in the year of 2005 are assessed and made into figures. The environmental factors which induce landslides and debris flows such as slope, vegetation coverage, lithology, rainfall and so on are obtained by GIS spatial analysis method. Finally, the rela- tionships of landslides or debris flows with some environmental factors are analyzed based on the grade of each envi- ronmental factor. The results indicate: 1) The landslides and debris flows are mainly in the eastern and southern area of Sichuan Province, however, there are few landslides and debris flows in the western particularly the northwestern Si- chuan. 2) The landslides and debris flows of Sichuan Province are mostly located in the regions with small slope degree. The occurring rate of debris flow reduces with the increase of the vegetation coverage degree, but the vegetation cov- erage degree has little to do with the occurrence of landslide. The more rainfall a place has, the easier the landslides and debris flows take place.

Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Techniques in Cognitive Radio

Cognitive radio has become an effective theory to solve the inefficiency of the spectrum usage. One of the main requirements of cognitive radio systems is the ability to reliably detect the spectrum hole. Previous works on the problem of detection for cognitive radio have suggested the necessity of user cooperation to enable the detection at the low signal-to-noise ratios experienced in practical situations. This paper introduces energy sensing and the cooperative sensing techniques: AND model, OR model, counting model, double threshold model, likelihood ratio model, linear cooperation model and DWCS model. It is proved that significant cooperative gain can be achieved by the proposed models in reducing interference and improving spectrum usage.

TEST STUDY OF DETECTING OIL AND GAS BY USING REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUE

Ⅰ The Indexes of Detecting Oil and Gas Resources The deeply buried reservoir which in a dynamic equilibrium state has a great pressure inside, and between it and earth surface there is a great difference of pressure. Therefore the hydrocarbon must spread and move vertically to the surface along the pressure gradient orientation. Hydrocarbons in the reservoir along some small rifts, cracks, joints and cleavages penetrate the overlying strata and seepage onto the surface. Thus the hydrocarbons become unvisble oil and gas signs. This process is called the phenomena of hydrocarbon microseepage of reservoir. Hydrocarbons microseepage in the process

Applications of Remote Sensing Techniques in Coal Geology

Through applied researches, the regularity of thermal infrared radiation of the coal seams has been found, a model of thermal radiation of the coal seams established, and the internal relations of the information extracted from remote sensing images with coal seams and coal measures revealed. Through a series of complete tests of remote sensing techniques such as multi-level (space, aerial and ground) synchronous remote-sensing and multi-directional, multiband and multitemporal remote sensing, the optimal procedure for applications of remote sensing techniques in coal geology has been determined. The theories and methods established in the applied researches have yielded apparent economic results and social benefits in respect to coal field prediction, coal reconnaissance, coal geological surveys and detection of geological hazards in coal mines.

Novel sensing techniques for full-scale testing of civil structures

Performing full-scale structural testing is an important methodology for researchers and engineers in the civil engineering industry.Full scale testing helps the researchers understand civil infrastructures'loading scenarios,behaviors,and health conditions.It helps the engineers verify,polish,and simplify the structural design and analysis theories.To conduct a full-scale structural testing,sensors are used for data acquisitions.To help structural researchers and engineers get familiar with sensing technologies and select the most effective sensors,this study reviewed and categorized new sensing techniques for full-scale structural testing applications.The researchers of this study categorized sensors used for civil-infrastructure testing into traditional contact sensors and remote sensors based upon their application methodologies,and into cabled sensors and wireless sensors based upon their data communication strategies.The detailed descriptions of wireless sensors and remote sensing techniques and their on-site full-scale applications are presented.

A STUDY ON DESERTIFICATION OF WEST JILIN PROVINCE BASED ON REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES

'West Jilin Province' in this paper means Zhenlai, Baicheng, Taonan, Da'an,Tongyu, Fuyu, Songyuan, Qian'an, Changling, also includes Gongzhuling, Shuangliao, Lishu, Siping andNong' an which have been suffered from desertification. In west Jilin Province there are three sandzones passing through, they are Xiang (Xianghai) -Wu (Ulan Tug) sand zone, Hai-Feng sand zone, andTao'er River right bank sand zone. The desertification area of west Jilin Province is 819 100 ha,making up 12. 5% of the total land area. Among desertification types, in Jilin Province lightdesertification is the major, then is medium decertification, hevey desertification is the least.According to the comparison of the interpretation results of the Landsat images of the 1980s and the1990s by remote sensing and GIS techniques, it can be seen that the desertification area in westJilin Province basically didn't change on the whole, only increased 6130 ha, making up 0. 8% of thedesertification area, change scale is less than 1%. Evidently, desertification is controlled mostly,but some areas are continuing deterioration. The desertification process of China can be dividedinto three types according to origin nature, they are sandy steppe desertification, fixed sandarea(sand land) activation and dunes transfer invasion. Reasons of desertification of West JilinProvince are analyzed, they include natural factors (such as material source factors, chimatefactors) and artificial factors (such as destroying grass to reclaim, steppe decreasing greatly,illegally feeling shelter forest stands, constructing reservoir to influence eco-environment etc. ).Some suggestions are put forward as follows: establishing the social project for ecologicalreconstruction of degenerated land; intensifying planning and management of land use, revertingfarmland into forestland or pasture in a planned way. The key desertification control is to dependmainly on policy and management, then control techniques.

Evolution of Road Traffic Congestion Control:A Survey from Perspective of Sensing,Communication,and Computation

Road traffic congestion can inevitably de-grade road infrastructure and decrease travel efficiency in urban traffic networks,which can be relieved by employing appropriate congestion control.Accord-ing to different developmental driving forces,in this paper,the evolution of road traffic congestion control is divided into two stages.The ever-growing num-ber of advanced sensing techniques can be seen as the key driving force of the first stage,called the sens-ing stage,in which congestion control strategies ex-perienced rapid growth owing to the accessibility of traffic data.At the second stage,i.e.,the communica-tion stage,communication and computation capabil-ity can be regarded as the identifying symbols for this stage,where the ability of collecting finer-grained in-sight into transportation and mobility reality improves dramatically with advances in vehicular networks,Big Data,and artificial intelligence.Specifically,as the pre-requisite for congestion control,in this paper,ex-isting congestion detection techniques are first elab-orated and classified.Then,a comprehensive survey of the recent advances for current congestion control strategies with a focus on traffic signal control,vehi-cle route guidance,and their combined techniques is provided.In this regard,the evolution of these strate-gies with continuous development of sensing,com-munication,and computation capability are also intro-duced.Finally,the paper concludes with several re-search challenges and trends to fully promote the in-tegration of advanced techniques for traffic congestion mitigation in transportation systems.

Assessment of biochemical concentrations of vegetation using remote sensing technology

The main biochemicals (such as lignin, protein, cellulose, sugar, starch, chlorophyll and water) of vegetation are directly or indirectly involved in major ecological processes, such as the functions of terrestrial ecosystems (i.e., nutrient-cycling processes, primary production, and decomposition). Remote sensing techniques provide a very convenient way of data acquisition capable of covering a large area several times during one season, so it can play a unique and essential role provided that we can relate remote sensing measurements to the biochemical characteristics of the Earth surface in a reliable and operational way. The application of remote sensing techniques for the estimation of canopy biochemicals was reviewed. Three methods of estimating biochemical concentrations of vegetation were included in this paper: index, stepwise multiple linear regression, and stepwise multiple linear regression based on a model of the forest crown. In addition, the vitality and potential applying value are stress

Generation of the data required by Conservation Model

Remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems offer a good means of collecting and manipulating the data required for assessing conservation practices. A method for automatic generation of most of the data required by the Agricultural Non point Source erosion model is developed from three sources:(1) file with contour lines from the topographic maps(TM), (2) soil mapping units from the soil surveys, and (3)land cover from land sat TM image classification.

Principle demonstration of fine pointing control system for inter-satellite laser communication

Due to high data rates and reliability,inter-satellite laser communication has developed rapidly in these days.However,the stability of the laser beam pointing is still a key technique which needs to be solved;otherwise,the beam pointing jitter noise would reduce the communication quality or,even worse,would make the inter-satellite laser communication impossible.For this purpose,a bench-top of the fine beam pointing control system has been built and tested for inter-satellite laser communication.The pointing offset of more than 100rad is produced by the steering mirror.With beam pointing control system turned on,the offset could be rapidly suppressed to lower than 100 nrad in less than 0.5 s.Moreover,the pointing stability can be kept at 40 nrad for yaw motion and 62 nrad for pitch motion,when the received beam jitter is set at 20rad.