Research of Marine Sensor Web Based on SOA and EDA

A great deal of ocean sensor observation data exists, for a wide range of marine disciplines, derived from in situ and remote observing platforms, in real-time, near-real-time and delayed mode. Ocean monitoring is routinely completed using sensors and instruments. Standardization is the key requirement for exchanging information about ocean sensors and sensor data and for comparing and combining information from different sensor networks. One or more sensors are often physically integrated into a single ocean ‘instrument' device, which often brings in many challenges related to diverse sensor data formats, parameters units, different spatiotemporal resolution, application domains, data quality and sensors protocols. To face these challenges requires the standardization efforts aiming at facilitating the so-called Sensor Web, which making it easy to provide public access to sensor data and metadata information. In this paper, a Marine Sensor Web, based on SOA and EDA and integrating the MBARI's PUCK protocol, IEEE 1451 and OGC SWE 2.0, is illustrated with a five-layer architecture. The Web Service layer and Event Process layer are illustrated in detail with an actual example. The demo study has demonstrated that a standard-based system can be built to access sensors and marine instruments distributed globally using common Web browsers for monitoring the environment and oceanic conditions besides marine sensor data on the Web, this framework of Marine Sensor Web can also play an important role in many other domains' information integration.

基于Sensor Web的矿山地质灾害监测预警

矿产开采会改变矿区及周围的地质环境,从而引发各类地质灾害。随着矿产开采向深部发展,矿山遭受灾害的风险也变得越来越大,因而对风险进行统一化管理逐步受到管理部门的重视。对地质灾害的发生进行预警需要获取在采矿过程中矿山的地质和环境的实时变化情况。目前许多矿山已经建立了局部监测网络,但是由于传感器类型以及对现象的描述与表达的多样性,将监测信息汇集到管理部门是一项富于挑战性的工作。针对矿山地质灾害监测预警和信息共享中的问题,提出了基于Sensor Web的系统架构。

Sensor Web支持下的远程健康监护系统客户端设计与实现

针对健康监护信息化与智能化的需要,开展远程健康监护系统服务接受端的功能实现研究。在Sensor Web支持下,使用Java语言,基于蓝牙、TCP、HTTP等多种传输协议,开发部署于远程健康监护系统服务接受端的APP,实现了多传感器与用户手机之间的蓝牙通信,用户向服务器端的传感器注册与数据发送,用户向服务提供端的服务请求。以心率和血压监测为例,搭建了一个健康监护实验环境,开展了该APP的功能测试,验证了其正确性与实用性。

Sensor Web的SOS服务研究与实现

Sensor Web是NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory(JPL)的Kevin Delin首先提出并将其定义为被部署用来监控和探测新环境,内部能够相互通信的分布式传感器组成的网络系统。自OGC提出Sensor Web的相关标准以来,传感器监测服务SOS就是最基本最核心的服务规范。文章首先对SWE的传感器观测服务SOS核心操作进行介绍,然后设计了传感器观测服务SOS架构,并对每层作了说明,利用Java、Tomcat等技术对SOS的架构进行部署和测试。利用所部署的SOS架构中的核心操作可获取实时或历史的观测数据。

Sensor Web支持下的远程健康监护系统设计

基于Sensor Web的数据管理与服务规范,设计一种由服务接受端、服务提供端和服务器端组成的松散耦合型远程健康监护服务物联网系统。系统中生理指标的监测、监测数据管理与健康监护服务相对独立,通过有线或无线网络建立联系,共同实现基于多源异构传感器的多参数健康监护服务。以心率、血压的监护为例,测试验证了该设计方案的可行性。

A Sensor Web for Real-Time Groundwater Data Monitoring in Morocco

This article presents research and development of an interoperable platform to facilitate, monitor and coordinate groundwater data sharing. This system was orchestrated by a number of services described by Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) such as Sensor Observation Service (SOS) and other services for the use of mapping data, Web Feature Services (WFS), Web Map Service (WMS), and catalogue services (CSW). An important activity for our project was the establishment of a portal for geographic data and services. Geoportal developed for this project will promote and facilitate access to groundwater data and share theme more openly. Otherwise our system has been designed to provide a powerful tool that enhances the ability of regional staff to monitor near real-time groundwater data (i.e.?piezometric level) and as a result will help provide a more effective response to environmental upsets.

基于Sensor Web的租赁车辆信息管理

汽车是一个相对来说较为昂贵的物品,而且应用场景是动态场景,要对租赁车辆进行实时的定位才能有效防止其丢失。对于租赁车辆这个实际应用场景来说,提出一个高效便捷的租赁车辆信息管理方法是必要的。基于Sensor Web提出一个租赁车辆管理框架,在租赁车辆里安装移动传感器用来采集所需管理信息,采用SensorML标准对移动传感器建模,用SOS服务对移动传感器及其观测信息进行管理。

Human Sensor Web Crowd Sourcing Security Incidents Management in Tanzania Context

Security incidents affecting information systems in cyberspace keep on rising. Researchers have raised interest in finding out how to manage security incidents. Various solutions proposed do not effectively address the problematic situation of security incidents. The study proposes a human sensor web Crowd sourcing platform for reporting, searching, querying, analyzing, visualizing and responding to security incidents as they arise in real time. Human sensor web Crowd sourcing security incidents is an innovative approach for addressing security incidents affecting information systems in cyberspace. It employs outsourcing collaborative efforts initiatives outside the boundaries of the given organization in solving a problematic situation such as how to improve the security of information systems. It was managed by soft systems methodology. Moreover, security maturity level assessment was carried out to determine security requirements for managing security incidents using ISO/IEC 21827: Systems security engineering capability maturity model with a rating scale of 0 - 5. It employed descriptive statistics and non-parametric statistical method to determine the significance of each variable based on a research problem. It used Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test (X2) to determine the statistical significance of result findings. The findings revealed that security controls and security measures are implemented in ad-hoc. For managing security incidents, organizations should use human sensor web Crowd sourcing platform. The study contributes to knowledge base management learning integration: practical implementation of Crowd sourcing in information systems security.

Visualization and level-of-detail of metadata for interactive exploration of Sensor Web

There are several issues with Web-based search interfaces on a Sensor Web data infrastructure.It can be difficult to(1)find the proper keywords for the formulation of queries and(2)explore the information if the user does not have previous knowledge about the particular sensor systems providing the informa-tion.We investigate how the visualization of sensor resources on a 3D Web-based Digital Earth globe organized by level-of-detail(LOD)can enhance search and exploration of information by easing the formulation of geospatial queries against the metadata of sensor systems.Our case study provides an approach inspired by geographical mashups in which freely available functionality and data are flexibly combined.We use PostgreSQL,PostGIS,PHP,and X3D-Earth technologies to allow the Web3D standard and its geospatial component to be used for visual exploration and LOD control of a dynamic scene.Our goal is to facilitate the dynamic exploration of the Sensor Web and to allow the user to seamlessly focus in on a particular sensor system from a set of registered sensor networks deployed across the globe.We present a prototype metadata exploration system featuring LOD for a multiscaled Sensor Web as a Digital Earth application.

The Sensor Web:systems of sensor systems

Global Earth Observing System of Systems(GEOSS)presents a great challenge of System of Systems integration across organisational and political boundaries.One existing paradigm that can address the scale of the challenge is that of the Sensor Web.In this paradigm,the internet is evolving into an active,macro sensing instrument,capable of drawing sensory data from around the globe to the fingertips of individuals.The Sensor Web will support scientific research and facilitate transparent political decision making.This article presents some of the technologies explored and activities engaged in by the GEOSS Sensor Web community,towards achieving GEOSS goals.

Digital Earth’s Nervous System for crisis events:real-time Sensor Web Enablement of Volunteered Geographic Information

Digital Earth(DE)is a powerful metaphor for the organisation and access to digital information through a multi-scale three-dimensional representation of the globe.Recent progress gave a concrete body to this vision.However,this body is not yet self-aware:further integration of the temporal and voluntary dimension is needed to better portray the event-based nature of our world.We thus aim to extend DE vision with a Nervous System in order to provide decision makers with improved alerting mechanisms.Practical applications are foreseen for crisis management,where up-to-date situational awareness is needed.While it is traditionally built through trusted sources,citizens can play a complementary role by providing geo-referenced information known as Volunteered Geographic Information(VGI).Although workflows have been implemented to create,validate and distribute VGI datasets for various thematic domains,its exploitation in real time and its integration into existing concepts of DE,such as spatial data infrastructures,still needs to be further addressed.In this paper we suggest to bridge this gap through Sensor Web Enablement for VGI,where VGI sensing becomes a sense of the DE’s Nervous System.We discuss this approach and its applicability in the context of a forest fire scenario.

Progress and challenges in the architecture and service pattern of Earth Observation Sensor Web for Digital Earth

The Earth Observation(EO)Web is the data acquisition and processing network for digital Earth.The EO Web including Data Web and Sensor Web has become one of the most important aspects of the Digital Earth 2020.This paper summarised the history of the development and status quo of the major types of EO data web service systems,including architecture,service pattern and standards.The concepts,development and implementation of the EO Sensor Web were reviewed.Furthermore,we analysed the requirements on the architecture of the next-generation EO Sensor Web system,namely Space-borne-Airborne-Ground integrated Intelligent EO Sensor Web system,and highlighted the virtualization,intelligent,pervasive and active development tendency of such system.

Integration of hydrological observations into a Spatial Data Infrastructure under a Sensor Web environment

Various sensors connected to the World Wide Web are used to obtain real-time hydrological observations.Thus,real-time management and utilization of such distributed in situ observations in the cyber-physical environment becomes possible.A Sensor Observation Service(SOS)chaining Web Feature Service(WFS)method is proposed to integrate geographical reference observation data collected by a hydrological Sensor Web into a virtual globe.This method hides the complexity of a series of information and service models in the Sensor Web realm to enable the integration of heterogeneous distributed hydrological data sources into a Spatial Data Infrastructure(SDI).The core components-a dynamic schema transformer and automatic information extractor-were designed and implemented.The SOS schema is matched to WFS schema that uses the schema transformer dynamically.The information extractor extracts and serves features automatically,conforming to standard SOS operations for observation retrieval and insertion.Feasibility experiments conducted on the Jinsha River tested this proposed method.Results show that the proposed approach allows the integration of SOS servers into legacy applications that have a higher degree of availability within many SDIs.However,this is accompanied with the drawback that only a limited part of the SOS functionality is available to clients.

Metadata requirements analysis for the emerging Sensor Web

The Sensor Web has emerged from Earth Science research with the development of Web technology,to achieve process automation,sensor interoperation,and service synergy.These promises require the discovery of the right sensor at the right time and the right location with the right quality.Metadata,for sensor,platform,and data,are crucial for achieving such goals.However,analysis and practical use of these metadata reveals that the metadata and their associations are not applicable or suitable for the Sensor Web.The shortfalls are(1)the nonstandard metadata expression language;(2)the missing link between sensor and domain knowledge;(3)the insufficiency in the information for geographic locating and sensor tasking;and(4)the enhanced requirements on the quality,security,and ownership of both sensors and their sensed data.This paper reviews the current standards that have metadata components for the sensor and its platform,especially those from ISO TC211,Open Geospatial Consortium Inc.,and The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Global Change Master Directory.A recommendation on metadata that meets the requirement of crossmission sensor discovery in a pervasive Web environment is derived from them.The recommendation addresses issues on language formalization,sensor geolocation,semantics,quality,and accessibility.Roles of the emerging semantic Web technology for enabling robust discovery of sensor are discussed.

Using Linked Data in a heterogeneous Sensor Web: challenges, experiments and lessons learned

Abundant sensor data are now available online from a wealth of sources,which greatly enhance research efforts on the Digital Earth.The combination of distributed sensor networks and expanding citizen-sensing capabilities provides a more synchronized image of earth’s social and physical landscapes.However,it remains difficult for researchers to use such heterogeneous Sensor Webs for scientific applications since data are published by following different standards and protocols and are in arbitrary formats.In this paper,we investigate the core challenges faced when consuming multiple sources for environmental applications using the Linked Data approach.We design and implement a system to achieve better data interoperability and integration by republishing real-world data into linked geo-sensor data.Our contributions include presenting:(1)best practices of re-using and matching the W3C Semantic Sensor Network(SSN)ontology and other popular ontologies for heterogeneous data modeling in the water resources application domain,(2)a newly developed spatial analysis tool for creating links,and(3)a set of RESTful OGC Sensor Observation Service(SOS)like Linked Data APIs.Our results show how a Linked Sensor Web can be built and used within the integrated water resource decision support application domain.

Challenges of the Sensor Web for disaster management

Sensor Web has been widely promoted and its application has evolved from original military usages to current ubiquitous civil and commercial applications.Its emergence has become a great strength to facilitate the Digital Earth concept.Although many Sensor Web applications and methods have been proposed to assist disaster management,they are not well suited to the unique features and application requirements of disaster management.Most researches focus on how to use the Sensor Web to monitor a certain phenomenon before a disaster happens and to provide early warning.However,there is a lack of study on the negative effects that a disaster may bring to the Sensor Web.For example,severe weather conditions,damaged infrastructure,and spatial isolation may directly make the Sensor Web out-of-service.Besides,disaster management is a complex subject and its domain knowledge needs to be clarified.In this paper,the domain of the disaster management is explored and its unique features are analyzed.Then the Sensor Web concept and its role in disaster management are explained.Afterwards,the challenges of the Sensor Web for disaster management and the possible solutions are discussed.Based on the above,we introduce a high-mobility emergency system to demonstrate a good solution of the Sensor Web for multipurpose disaster management.

The Open Geospatial Consortium Sensor Web PivotViewer: an innovative tool for worldwide sensor web resource discovery

In recent years,large-scale sensor arrays and the vast data-sets they produce worldwide are being utilized,shared,and published by a rising number of researchers on an ever-increasing frequency.An increasing number of sensor web services are deployed to host and share the large volume of sensor data online.How to efficiently discover the sensor web resources and visualize different types of sensor data in a coherent environment becomes an important research question that is still not fully resolved.In this paper,we propose the Sensor Web PivotViewer system.By integrating the Geospatial Cyberinfrastructure for Environmental Sensing(GeoCENS)cyber infra-structure,the Microsoft PivotViewer,and the Microsoft BingMaps,the proposed system fills in the missing software components for users to easily and intuitively discover and utilize the worldwide sensor web resources.

基于Web目录服务的地学传感器观测服务注册和搜索

在分布式异构网络环境下,如何根据时间、空间和尺度等因子发现地学传感器和聚集传感器观测数据已成为自适应地球观测和空间信息服务中需要解决的问题。本文提出集成OGC的目录服务和传感器观测服务的地学传感器数据的访问方法和体系架构,包含分布式地学观测服务、基于ebRIM的目录服务、SOS注册与搜索服务中间件和地学传感器门户4个部件;深入探讨了观测数据注册的流程、观测能力注册的更新、目录服务中海量历史观测数据的管理和可视化搜索等实现技术;最后,基于传感器观测服务和目录服务标准,设计和实现了服务注册原型,并用EO-1的高光谱观测数据验证了服务原型的可行性,能够有效解决传感器观测服务、观测能力和观测结果的注册、管理和搜索。

基于Internet的嵌入式Web传感器

嵌入式Web传感器是在智能传感器的基础上发展起来的具有Internet功能的新型传感器 ,主要由 3部分组成 :敏感单元、智能处理单元和TCP/IP通信协议接口。文中在分析嵌入式Web传感器研究现状和产生的历史背景的基础上给出基于Internet的嵌入式Web传感器的含义及特点 ,并讨论了嵌入式Web传感器的体系结构、工作机理、重要特性以及在嵌入式Web传感器基础上构建的工业测控系统模型 ,然后介绍了嵌入式Web传感器实验模型中嵌入式Web服务器技术和Web远程信号采集等关键技术的实现方法 ,最后分析了嵌入式Web传感器实现的技术基础。

农田环境信息远程采集和Web发布系统的实现

针对农田环境信息多样性、多变性和分散性等特点,设计并实现了一种基于无线传感器网络、GPRS、Web和Web Services技术的农田环境信息采集和发布系统。首先,采用大量微型无线传感器网络节点组成多跳、自组织智能网络系统,实现对农田环境信息的分布式多点采集;其次,通过GPRS将实时数据发送到数据处理服务器,经处理后存入数据库。最后,通过互联网发布数据并提供数据共享的服务。系统通过.Net Remoting机制构建分布式处理方式,实现了B/S、C/S和Web Services3种模式。通过客户端不仅可以查询实时数据和历史数据,了解节点分布情况,而且能够远程控制服务器端的数据采集模块。该系统的实现为农业领域中远距离、多要素数据的采集和共享提供了一种便捷的解决方案。