An approach to estimate tree height using PolInSAR data constructed by the Sentinel-1 dual-pol SAR data and RVoG model

We estimate tree heights using polarimetric interferometric synthetic aperture radar(PolInSAR)data constructed by the dual-polarization(dual-pol)SAR data and random volume over the ground(RVoG)model.Considering the Sentinel-1 SAR dual-pol(SVV,vertically transmitted and vertically received and SVH,vertically transmitted and horizontally received)configuration,one notes that S_(HH),the horizontally transmitted and horizontally received scattering element,is unavailable.The S_(HH)data were constructed using the SVH data,and polarimetric SAR(PolSAR)data were obtained.The proposed approach was first verified in simulation with satisfactory results.It was next applied to construct PolInSAR data by a pair of dual-pol Sentinel-1A data at Duke Forest,North Carolina,USA.According to local observations and forest descriptions,the range of estimated tree heights was overall reasonable.Comparing the heights with the ICESat-2 tree heights at 23 sampling locations,relative errors of 5 points were within±30%.Errors of 8 points ranged from 30%to 40%,but errors of the remaining 10 points were>40%.The results should be encouraged as error reduction is possible.For instance,the construction of PolSAR data should not be limited to using SVH,and a combination of SVH and SVV should be explored.Also,an ensemble of tree heights derived from multiple PolInSAR data can be considered since tree heights do not vary much with time frame in months or one season.

基于Sentinel-1/2改进极化指数和纹理特征的土壤含盐量反演模型

目前Sentinel-1/2协同反演植被土壤含盐量的研究大多是基于Sentinel-2光谱信息和Sentinel-1后向散射系数,没有考虑Sentinel-2光谱信息容易受土壤亮度等信息影响,Sentinel-1后向散射系数容易受土壤粗糙度和水分影响。为进一步提高Sentinel-1/2协同反演植被土壤含盐量的精度,用水云模型对雷达卫星后向散射系数进行校正,消除植被影响;然后协同Sentinel-2纹理特征,基于VIP、OOB、PCA 3种变量筛选和RF、ELM、Cubist 3种机器学习回归模型构建植被土壤含盐量反演模型。研究结果表明:经过水云模型去除植被影响后的雷达后向散射系数及其极化组合指数与土壤含盐量的相关性有一定程度的提高。不同变量选择方法与不同机器学习方法耦合模型在反演土壤含盐量中,OOB变量筛选方法与RF、ELM和Cubist 3种机器学习方法的耦合模型精度最佳,建模集和验证集的R2都在0.750以上,且验证集的RMSE和MAE均最小;其中OOB-Cubist耦合模型精度最高,且R_(v)^(2)/R_(c)^(2)为0.955,具有良好的鲁棒性。研究可为机器学习协同物理模型、光学卫星协同雷达卫星在土壤含盐量反演中的进一步应用提供思路。

基于Sentinel-1/2数据的洪水淹没范围提取模型

遥感是监测洪水淹没范围、掌握洪涝灾情演变的重要手段,而光学影像在洪水发生时往往有较多缺失,全天候的SAR影像在提取水体时精度略低。为快速、精准提取洪水淹没范围,构建了一种综合利用Sentinel-2光学影像和Sentinel-1雷达影像数据的洪水淹没范围提取模型,采用一种自适应阈值分割算法即大津算法(OTSU)分别对两种数据以及该模型进行了水体范围提取试验,并以河北省保定市为例进行了应用分析。结果显示:云量较少的Sentinel-2影像水体提取效果最好,总体精度(OA)达到95.6%;所构建的模型在引入部分可用Sentinel-2数据后,OA达到95%,相比单独使用Sentinel-1数据OA和Kappa系数分别提升1.2%和2.4%。该模型搭载于Google Earth Engine平台,能实现快速、准确、低成本的地表水体空间范围连续输出,不受限于云雾且比单独使用Sentinel-1影像的提取精度更高,在云覆盖严重导致Sentinel-2数据缺少的情况下,该模型可作为洪水淹没范围提取方法的一种选择。

双极化Sentinel-1数据在城市沉降监测中的对比研究

目的 针对地面沉降监测仅考虑VV极化Sentinel-1数据而忽略VH极化数据的问题,方法采用PS-InSAR和SBAS-InSAR技术处理延安新区2018年8月—2021年5月的84景双极化Sentinel-1数据,获取地面沉降信息,对比两种极化的沉降监测结果,探讨VH极化在不同实验方法中的意义,并提出一种双极化时序InSAR融合监测新方法。结果 结果表明,新区大部分区域为较稳定区域,形变速率为-8~8 mm/a,此外,还探测到3个较大的沉降区,分别位于桥儿沟流域、高家沟流域和新区东北部填方区域;Sentinel-1不同极化数据的监测结果相关性较高,形变趋势一致;VV极化数据整体优于VH极化,但部分区域VH极化数据得到的地表形变信息更详细;VV-VH极化PS-InSAR形变监测中,VH极化数据能够有效补充VV极化数据监测结果的不足,使结果更加密集,因此,与单一极化监测结果相比,VV-VH极化PS-InSAR形变监测更加详细地反演了地表变形情况;VV-VH极化SBAS-InSAR形变速率结果比单一极化数据相干性和稳定性更高。结论 基于双极化Sentinel-1数据的时序InSAR融合监测技术可以获得比单一极化数据更好的城市地表形变监测结果。

基于Sentinel-1和Sentinel-2影像的河南扶沟县洪涝灾害遥感监测评估研究

洪涝灾害是我国最主要的自然灾害类型之一,发生频率高、影响范围广,对社会经济发展和人民生命财产安全构成严重威胁。选取河南郑州“7·20”特大暴雨事件中受灾较为严重的河南扶沟县为研究区,基于洪涝灾害发生前后的Sentinel-1和Sen-tinel-2影像,利用支持向量机对灾前的Sentinel-2影像进行土地利用分类,基于Sentinel-1影像利用水体指数SDWI对灾中、灾后的水体范围进行提取,并结合GIS对研究区的灾情进行评估。结果表明:①基于支持向量机提取的土地利用分类图,总体精度达95.85%;②利用SDWI水体指数法提取的水体范围结果显示灾中、灾后的水体面积分别为36.468 km^(2)、18.770 km^(2),总体精度分别为97.6%和95.4%;③由灾情评估结果可得,曹里乡的受灾情况最为严重,最大水体变化面积达到12.63 km^(2)。

基于Sentinel-1和Sentinel-2数据融合的森林林龄反演和动态监测

【目的】在Google Earth Engine(GEE)云平台上借助其强大的计算和数据存储能力,融合多源遥感数据对森林林龄进行遥感反演和动态监测。【方法】融合2017—2023年间Sentinel-1、Sentinel-2及高程数据,通过随机森林(Random forest,RF)分类获取土地覆盖信息,并进一步提取森林的分布和面积,同时构建时间序列植被指数来准确提取森林变化区域。基于森林资源清查数据和融合的多源遥感数据,在GEE上构建RF回归、分类回归树(Cart)以及梯度提升回归树(Gradient tree boost,GTB)3种回归模型,用于杉木组、马尾松组、毛竹林、硬阔叶树组以及其他类树种组的2018年林龄遥感反演,并估算出2017年和2023年的林龄信息,以揭示林龄和龄组在2017—2023年的动态变化情况。【结果】1)2017—2023年,研究区森林面积的整体变化总计113.93 km^(2),此间森林的减少和更新并存,其空间分布特征呈现出明显的区域差异。具体而言,森林面积变化多发生于靠近城区和低海拔地区,且靠近城区的森林面积减少往往不再恢复至森林;2)在5种不同树种组构建的3种模型中,RF回归模型的林龄反演结果最佳,平均R^(2)为0.845,平均RMSE为5.32 a,其中毛竹林反演精度最高,R^(2)为0.863,RMSE为2.411 a;3)2017—2023年,研究区林龄在40 a以下的森林由54.59%减少至51.06%,其中龄组变化最显著为杉木组成熟林,面积增加了38.88%。【结论】在GEE上融合多源遥感数据进行林龄反演和动态监测具有重要的应用潜力,本研究结果可为使用云平台及哨兵系列卫星数据对森林资源长时间序列的林龄反演和动态监测的应用提供参考和借鉴。

A phenology-based vegetation index for improving ratoon rice mapping using harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 data

Ratoon rice,which refers to a second harvest of rice obtained from the regenerated tillers originating from the stubble of the first harvested crop,plays an important role in both food security and agroecology while requiring minimal agricultural inputs.However,accurately identifying ratoon rice crops is challenging due to the similarity of its spectral features with other rice cropping systems(e.g.,double rice).Moreover,images with a high spatiotemporal resolution are essential since ratoon rice is generally cultivated in fragmented croplands within regions that frequently exhibit cloudy and rainy weather.In this study,taking Qichun County in Hubei Province,China as an example,we developed a new phenology-based ratoon rice vegetation index(PRVI)for the purpose of ratoon rice mapping at a 30 m spatial resolution using a robust time series generated from Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2(HLS)images.The PRVI that incorporated the red,near-infrared,and shortwave infrared 1 bands was developed based on the analysis of spectro-phenological separability and feature selection.Based on actual field samples,the performance of the PRVI for ratoon rice mapping was carefully evaluated by comparing it to several vegetation indices,including normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),enhanced vegetation index(EVI)and land surface water index(LSWI).The results suggested that the PRVI could sufficiently capture the specific characteristics of ratoon rice,leading to a favorable separability between ratoon rice and other land cover types.Furthermore,the PRVI showed the best performance for identifying ratoon rice in the phenological phases characterized by grain filling and harvesting to tillering of the ratoon crop(GHS-TS2),indicating that only several images are required to obtain an accurate ratoon rice map.Finally,the PRVI performed better than NDVI,EVI,LSWI and their combination at the GHS-TS2 stages,with producer's accuracy and user's accuracy of 92.22 and 89.30%,respectively.These results demonstrate that the proposed PRVI based on HLS data can effectively identify ratoon rice in fragmented croplands at crucial phenological stages,which is promising for identifying the earliest timing of ratoon rice planting and can provide a fundamental dataset for crop management activities.

基于Sentinel-1A钦防地区地面沉降监测与分析

分析钦防地区地面沉降时空分布、演变规律和驱动因素,可为区域灾害预测防治及城市规划提供科学依据。基于小基线集时序合成孔径雷达干涉测量(small baseline subset interferometric synthetic aperture Radar,SBAS-InSAR)技术,利用45景Sentinel-1A合成孔径雷达影像提取了研究区2018—2021年的地面沉降信息,同时结合地区地质背景、降水数据、土地利用情况和道路等数据,借助于空间分析技术、数理统计和遥感图像分类及变化检测等方法对研究区地面沉降的整体特征、时空演变趋势及其影响因素进行了可视化分析和定量化分析。结果表明:①在空间维度上,研究时段内研究区地面形变速率介于-114.37~58.55 mm/a之间,研究区内地面形变分布范围广且不均匀分布明显,形成了以钦南区主城区中南部、钦州港与港口区为主的3个沉降中心区域,沉降地区的沉降面积逐年增加并呈现出向南扩张的趋势;②在时间维度上,各沉降中心区域从整体上随着时间变化呈现不均匀的下沉趋势,但出现了周期性的回升,回升值最大可达18.4 mm;③在影响因素上,城镇化扩张、道路密度、构造运动、地层作用、降水作用和海平面上升是导致研究区地面沉降的主要因子,同时也主导了地面沉降的扩张和增幅。

联合Sentinel-1与Sentinel-2的高时空分辨率玉米叶面积指数反演

叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)是单位地表面积上总叶面积的一半,是影响光合作用、蒸腾作用和能量平衡等地表过程的关键生物物理变量。鉴于光学遥感数据易受天气的影响,雷达遥感数据易受土壤等的影响,二者在叶面积指数反演方面各有利弊,提出了一种考虑不同数据反演结果不确定性的融合方法。研究测试了多种机器学习模型在中国张掖地区的玉米农田上估算LAI的性能。结果表明,光学和雷达两种数据分别作为模型输入进行LAI反演时,高斯过程回归(Gaussian process regression,GPR)的表现均为最优。随后,基于Sentinel-1雷达数据和Sentinel-2光学数据,使用GPR模型生成了研究区2019年的两种LAI及不确定性时空分布图。考虑不同数据反演结果的差异,使用加权滤波方法将两种LAI融合,实现了高时空分辨率玉米LAI制图。通过定性和定量分析,融合后的LAI时间序列分布图变化连贯,空间分布均匀,精度相较于融合之前有了明显改善。

集成Sentinel-1/2和环境变量的新疆农田土壤含盐量反演

土壤盐渍化是危害农业生产和生态环境的重要因素,快速精准获取农田土壤盐分信息对农业可持续发展和土地资源管理具有指导作用。为了提高卫星遥感在植被覆盖条件下的土壤含盐量预测精度,该研究以新疆生产建设兵团农八师为研究区域,分别在2023年7月和8月采集土壤表层(0~20 cm)样本,并获取同步卫星影像。通过Sentinel-1雷达信息、Sentinel-2多光谱信息与环境变量的不同组合构建数据集A(极化指数、光谱指数)、B(极化指数、环境变量)、C(光谱指数、环境变量)、D(极化指数、光谱指数、环境变量),采用自适应提升(adaptive boosting,AdaBoost)、梯度提升回归树(gradient boost regression tree,GBRT)和极端梯度提升树(extreme gradient boosting tree,XGBoost)3种集成学习算法,构建基于不同数据集的土壤含盐量反演模型。结果表明,1)基于数据集D构建的所有模型预测精度普遍高于数据集A、B、C构建的模型,环境变量与雷达数据、多光谱数据的协同使用可以有效提高模型精度;2)地形因子和地表温度可作为研究区土壤盐分预测的有效特征变量,其中海拔与表层土壤含盐量的相关性最高;3)在所有数据集中,XGBoost模型性能最优,GBRT次之,AdaBoost模型验证误差较大,其中D-XGBoost模型精度最高,其验证集决定系数为0.72,均方根误差为2.40 g/kg,平均绝对误差为1.29 g/kg;4)基于多种来源变量组合的集成学习算法具有强大的非线性拟合能力,XGBoost能够更好地模拟土壤含盐量与遥感信息和环境因子之间复杂的非线性关系,并获得理想的拟合结果。该研究结果可为新疆地区土壤含盐量实时动态监测和当地土地资源可持续利用提供有效的技术手段。

基于Sentinel-1 SAR数据的鄱阳湖水体提取方法对比研究

遥感水体提取技术在水体规划与监测中发挥着关键作用。针对Sentinel-1 SAR数据的水体提取,首先分析水体及其周围主要地物的后向散射特性,其次引入纹理、地形特征,对比分析阈值法、分类器法和面向对象法的水体提取效果,最后针对鄱阳湖的典型水体环境,提出不同方法的应用策略,以便更有效地提取水体。研究表明:多特征融合提取可减少水体信息的混淆;RF算法对细小水体和边界的提取相对精细,总体精度高达97.8%;针对含有植被的浅水区,SDWI、Otsu等阈值法展现出更好的识别能力;水面上的船体对水体提取的完整性造成影响。研究探讨了Sentinel-1 SAR数据在鄱阳湖水体提取中的方法适用性,以期为鄱阳湖的水资源监测提供技术支持。

基于GEE和Sentinel-1/2数据的夏玉米种植面积精细化识别方法

作物种植面积提取方式的选取,对农作物遥感监测有重要意义。为探究夏玉米遥感识别最佳时相、夏玉米遥感识别光学时序和夏玉米遥感识别光学与星载合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)融合时序3种方案在夏玉米种植区识别的差异,选取山东商河为研究区。基于谷歌地球引擎(Google Earth Engine,GEE)云平台Sentinel-1/2数据,构建分类数据集,结合地面调查制作分类样本,采用随机森林法进行3种方案下研究区夏玉米种植区域提取,并分析各方案精度。结果表明:3种方案均能较高精度地实现夏玉米与其他作物的区分;相对于夏玉米遥感识别最佳时相方案,夏玉米遥感识别光学时序方案下夏玉米总体分类精度由83.01%提高到89.44%,Kappa系数由0.77提高到0.86;相对于夏玉米遥感识别最佳时相和夏玉米遥感识别光学时序方案,夏玉米遥感识别光学与SAR融合时序方案的总体分类精度最高,达92.51%,Kappa系数达0.89。研究表明,夏玉米遥感识别光学与SAR融合时序方案可以在较高精度下有效识别夏玉米种植区,为发育期内的农情调查管理提供参考。

基于双极化Sentinel-1A数据的西南某机场沉降监测应用

以西南某机场为监测对象,收集2019年1月11日至2021年11月8日35景双极化Sentinel-1A降轨数据,应用PS-InSAR技术结合双极化数据获取了该机场范围内的形变分布情况,将双极化沉降数据进行对比,再与沉降形变最大水准测量数据进行验证。结果表明,合成孔径雷达差分干涉技术(InSAR)沉降形变区域与水准沉降形变区域的位置基本吻合,双极化沉降时间序列表现出一致性,该机场飞行区最大沉降速率达-77mm/y(VV极化)和-74 mm/y(VH极化),累计沉降量超过-200mm(VV和VH极化),与2021年5月最大沉降形变水准测量值对比,发现该机场沉降形变还在继续加深。此研究表明,InSAR技术结合双极化数据可高效识别沉降区域,全面掌握机场沉降形变情况,对监测西南地区机场沉降具有重要意义。

基于Sentinel-1结合Sentinel-2和Landsat8影像的水体提取方法比较——以鲁班水库为例

基于sentinel-1数据结合sentinel-2数据和Landsat8数据,提取2017年—2021年鲁班水库五年间的水体年间变化,对所提取的水体面积进行分析,比较两种影像对鲁班水库水体提取的差异,经过水体指数的计算以及分析得到鲁班水库的水体面积。sentinel-2影像数据对水体提取的效果较好于Landsat8数据,sentinel-2影像总体分类精度达0.993,kappa系数为0.991,而Landsat8的总体精度为0.989,kappa系数为0.986。通过对鲁班水库这种大中型水体的水体提取选择使用sentinel-2数据较好。

基于Sentinel-1/2数据一种改进的决策树方法提取荔枝果园研究

荔枝种植在热带、亚热带地区,受限于多云多雨天气和遥感技术,获取多时相并且能够表征荔枝物候特征的有效高光谱与高空间分辨率数据是比较困难的,这阻碍了荔枝果园的提取。采用Sentinel-1时间序列微波数据构建了荔枝关键生育期特征,并结合Sentinel-2数据提出了一种改进的荔枝果园识别模型,并将该模型应用于茂名市荔枝果园的识别。结果表明:成熟期荔枝与其他植被或作物的VH极化特征差异显著;该方法在荔枝果园空间分布制图的总体精度为90.34%,Kappa系数为0.84。该方法能够有效刻画荔枝的关键生育期特征,且准确识别光谱与空间特征相似的荔枝果园。为热带和亚热带其他果园的识别提供了参考,对果园的生长监测、精确管理和产量估算具有重要意义。

Snow cover estimation from MODIS and Sentinel-1 SAR data using machine learning algorithms in the western part of the Tianshan Mountains

Obtaining the spatial distribution of snow cover in mountainous areas using the optical image of remote sensing technology is difficult because of cloud and fog. In this study, the object-based principle component analysis–support vector machine(PCA–SVM) method is proposed for snow cover mapping through the integration of moderateresolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) snow cover products and the Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar(SAR) scattering characteristics. First, derived from the Sentinel-1 A SAR images, the feature parameters, including VV/VH backscatter, scattering entropy, and scattering alpha, were used to describe the variations of snow and non-snow covers. Second, the optimum feature combinations of snow cover were formed from the feature parameters using the principle component analysis(PCA) algorithm. Finally, using the optimum feature combinations, a snow cover map with a 20 m spatial resolution was extracted by means of an object-based SVM classifier. This method was applied in the study area of the Xinyuan County, which is located in the western part of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China. The accuracies in this method were analyzed according to the data observed at different experimental sites. Results showed that the snow cover pixels of the extraction were less than those in the actual situation(FB1=93.86, FB2=59.78). The evaluation of the threat score(TS), probability of detection(POD), and false alarm ratio(FAR) for the snow-covered pixels obtained from the two-stage SAR images were different(TS1=86.84, POD1=90.10, FAR1=4.01;TS2=56.40, POD2=57.62, FAR2=3.62). False and misclassifications of the snow cover and non-snow cover pixels were found. Although the classifications were not highly accurate, the approach showed potential for integrating different sources to retrieve the spatial distribution of snow covers during a stable period.

Quantifying freeze-melt dynamics of lakes on the Tibetan Plateau using Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar imagery

The ice phenology of alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)is a rapid and direct responder to climate changes,and the variations in lake ice exhibit high temporal frequency characteristics.MODIS and passive microwave data are widely used to monitor lake ice changes with high temporal resolution.However,the low spatial resolutions make it difficult to effectively quantify the freeze-melt dynamics of lakes.This work used Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar(SAR)data to derive high-resolution ice maps(about 6 days),then with the aid of Sentinel-2 optical images to quantify freeze-melt processes in three typical lakes on the TP(e.g.Selin Co,Ayakekumu Lake,and Nam Co).The results showed that three lakes had an average annual ice period of 125-157 days and a complete ice cover period of 72-115 days,from 2018 to 2022.They exhibit different ice phenology patterns.Nam Co is characterized by repeated episodes of freezing,melting,and refreezing,resulting in a prolonged freeze-up period.Meanwhile,the break-up period of Nam Co lasts for a longer duration(about 19 days),and the break-up exhibits a smooth process.Similarly,Ayakekumu Lake showed more significant inter-annual fluctuations in the freeze-up period,with deviations of up to 28 days observed among different years.Compared to the other two lakes,Selin Co experienced a relatively short freeze-up and break-up period.In short,Sentinel-1 SAR data can effectively monitor the weekly and seasonal variations in lake ice on the TP.Particularly,this data facilitates quantification of the freeze-melt dynamics.

Sea surface wind speed retrieval from Sentinel-1 HH polarization data using conventional and neural network methods

Conventional retrieval and neural network methods are used simultaneously to retrieve sea surface wind speed(SSWS)from HH-polarized Sentinel-1(S1)SAR images.The Polarization Ratio(PR)models combined with the CMOD5.N Geophysical Model Function(GMF)is used for SSWS retrieval from the HH-polarized SAR data.We compared different PR models developed based on previous C-band SAR data in HH-polarization for their applications to the S1 SAR data.The recently proposed CMODH,i.e.,retrieving SSWS directly from the HHpolarized S1 data is also validated.The results indicate that the CMODH model performs better than results achieved using the PR models.We proposed a neural network method based on the backward propagation(BP)neural network to retrieve SSWS from the S1 HH-polarized data.The SSWS retrieved using the BP neural network model agrees better with the buoy measurements and ASCAT dataset than the results achieved using the conventional methods.Compared to the buoy measurements,the bias,root mean square error(RMSE)and scatter index(SI)of wind speed retrieved by the BP neural network model are 0.10 m/s,1.38 m/s and 19.85%,respectively,while compared to the ASCAT dataset the three parameters of training set are–0.01 m/s,1.33 m/s and 15.10%,respectively.It is suggested that the BP neural network model has a potential application in retrieving SSWS from Sentinel-1 images acquired at HH-polarization.

基于Sentinel-1和Sentinel-2的不同物候期农作物识别研究

为减少农作物提取过程中受光学数据成像质量的影响,基于Google Earth Engine平台,采用Sentinel-1和Sentinel-2数据,分别对小麦越冬期、返青期、孕穗期、成熟期四个物候期进行小麦和油菜的识别。使用随机森林方法对构建的光谱特征、植被指数特征、红边指数特征、纹理特征和极化特征共34个特征进行优选,构建特征集;并对比最小距离、决策树、支持向量机、随机森林四种分类器在四个物候期的识别结果,确定最优的分类器;同时还验证了极化特征在四个物候期对识别结果的影响。研究结果表明,在四个物候期中最优的分类器均为随机森林,其中识别精度从高到低的物候期分别为小麦的孕穗期、成熟期、返青期、越冬期,总体精度(OA)分别为92.91%、91.93%、90.24%、87.69%,Kappa系数分别为91.00%、89.92%、87.61%、84.53%。在四个物候期中加入极化特征均能提高识别的精度,其中在小麦的返青期和成熟期更为明显。

Surface-deformation monitoring in the permafrost regions over the Tibetan Plateau,using Sentinel-1 data

Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(D-In SAR) has been widely used to measure surface deformation over the Tibetan Plateau. However, the accuracy and applicability of the D-In SAR method are not well estimated due to the lack of in-situ validation. In this paper, we mapped the seasonal and long-term displacement of Tanggula(TGL) and Liangdaohe(LDH) permafrost regions with a stack of Sentinel-1 acquisitions using the Small Baseline Subset In SAR(SBAS-In SAR) method. In the TGL region, with its dry soils and sparse vegetation, the In SAR-derived surface-deformation trend was consistent with ground-based leveling results; long-term changes of the active layer showed a settlement rate of around 1 to 3 mm/a due to the melting of ground ice, indicating a degrading permafrost in this area. Around half of the deformation was picked up on monitoring, in contrast with in-situ measurements in LDH, implying that the D-In SAR method remarkably underestimated the surface-deformation. This phenomenon may be induced by the large soil-water content, high vegetation coverage, or a combination of these two factors in this region. This study demonstrates that surface deformation could be mapped accurately for a specific region with Sentinel-1 C-band data, such as in the TGL region.Moreover, although the D-In SAR technology provides an efficient solution for broad surface-deformation monitoring in permafrost regions, it shows a poor performance in the region with high soil-water content and dense vegetation coverage.