Design of control sequence of pulses for the population transfer of high dimensional spin 1/2 quantum systems

On the basis of the relationship between the Hamiltonian of spin 1/2 quantum system under control and the energy level structure and transitions, a radio frequency pulse sequence is designed using intuitive and half counter-intuitive sequences of pulse to transfer the population of the 3-qubit system coherently. The effectiveness of the designed control sequence is verified through the system simulation experiment of the evolution of state. In principle, the design method of the control pulse sequence proposed can be generalized to use in the quantum systems of higher dimension.

From Control Theory to Gravitational Waves

When D:ξ→η is a linear ordinary differential (OD) or partial differential (PD) operator, a “direct problem” is to find the generating compatibility conditions (CC) in the form of an operator D1:η→ξ such that Dξ = η implies D1η = 0. When D is involutive, the procedure provides successive first-order involutive operators D1,...,Dn when the ground manifold has dimension n. Conversely, when D1 is given, a much more difficult “inverse problem” is to look for an operator D:ξ→η having the generating CC D1η = 0. If this is possible, that is when the differential module defined by D1 is “torsion-free”, that is when there does not exist any observable quantity which is a sum of derivatives of η that could be a solution of an autonomous OD or PD equation for itself, one shall say that the operator D1 is parametrized by D. The parametrization is said to be “minimum” if the differential module defined by D does not contain a free differential submodule. The systematic use of the adjoint of a differential operator provides a constructive test with five steps using double differential duality. We prove and illustrate through many explicit examples the fact that a control system is controllable if and only if it can be parametrized. Accordingly, the controllability of any OD or PD control system is a “built in” property not depending on the choice of the input and output variables among the system variables. In the OD case and when D1 is formally surjective, controllability just amounts to the formal injectivity of ad(D1), even in the variable coefficients case, a result still not acknowledged by the control community. Among other applications, the parametrization of the Cauchy stress operator in arbitrary dimension n has attracted many famous scientists (G. B. Airy in 1863 for n = 2, J. C. Maxwell in 1870, E. Beltrami in 1892 for n = 3, and A. Einstein in 1915 for n = 4). We prove that all these works are already explicitly using the self-adjoint Einstein operator, which cannot be parametrized and the comparison needs no comment. As a byproduct, they are all based on a confusion between the so-called div operator D2 induced from the Bianchi operator and the Cauchy operator, adjoint of the Killing operator D which is parametrizing the Riemann operator D1 for an arbitrary n. This purely mathematical result deeply questions the origin and existence of gravitational waves, both with the mathematical foundations of general relativity. As a matter of fact, this new framework provides a totally open domain of applications for computer algebra as the quoted test can be studied by means of Pommaret bases and related recent packages.

The General Configuration of CEV1 Electric Vehicle's Electrical System and the Design of Its Control Sequence

The configuration an electric vehicle's electrical system and its control sequence design scheme was discussed. Vehicle management unit (VMU), power management unit (PMU) and battery management unit (BMU) were used as the control units in the vehicle. VMU was used as master control unit, PMU was used as the traction control unit and BMU was used as battery management unit. The concentrated single module control was found to be on one of its configurations.

Sequence Difference of Mitochondrial DNA Control Region and Genetic Differentiation of Cervinae in China

[Objective] The study aimed at analyzing Genetic Differentiation of Cervinae. [Method] The complete mitochondrial DNA control region of five species of Cervinae was determined by direct DNA sequencing. Homologous sequences of others Cervinae were gained from GenBank, and then analyzed through biology software. [Result] The lengths of their control region were 921-1 072 bp, the nucleotide content of T, A, C, and G was 32.1%, 30.2%, 22.7% and 15.0% separately. Genetic distance of each species ranged from 0.062-0.106, which belonged to level of inter-genus. The molecular phylogenetic tree indicated that red deer, skia deer and White-lipped Deer had close relationship, and they constituted one branch with sambar deer. Eld＇s deer and elk deer constituted the second branch, and hog deer constituted the third branch alone. [Conclusion] Hog deer and fallow deer should be incorporated in Cervus, divergence time is about 1.55-2.60 million years among Cervinae in China.

The Supervisory Control System for the HL-2A Neutral Beam Injector

Supervisory control and protection system of the neutral beam injector （NBI） in the HL-2A tokamak is presented. The system is used for a safe coordination of all the main NBI subsystems. Because the system is based on computer networks with its transmission medium of optical fiber, its advantages in high operational stability, reliability, security and flexible functional expandability are clearly shown during the NBI commissioning and heating experiment in HL-2A.

基于耦合PLUS-SCS模型的城市用地内涝风险预测及优化管控——以湖南省长沙市为例

[目的]预测城市未来土地利用情况及内涝风险强度,并探讨未来城市内涝风险的优化管控措施及实施效果,为提升城市内涝防控水平,优化城市用地布局提供参考依据。[方法]以湖南省长沙市为例,借助PLUS和SCS模型,预测基准情景下城市用地布局及其内涝风险情况,将内涝高风险区域作为PLUS模型中的限制转化因子,耦合PLUS和SCS模型,模拟内涝管控情景下城市用地布局及其内涝风险情况。通过对比两种情景下的内涝风险差异来验证优化管控措施实施的效益。[结果]预测基准情景下2035年长沙市建设用地内涝高风险区面积为96.47 km^(2),在不减少建设用地面积的前提下,内涝管控情景下城市建设用地的内涝风险总面积相比基准情景减少了36.94 km^(2),其中新增建设用地中的高风险区全部被规避。[结论]未来城市用地内涝风险呈现出显著增加的趋势,耦合PLUS-SCS模型的优化管控方法能够帮助城市规避内涝风险。

Modeling and Control for Wireless Networked Control System

In this paper, the stabilization problem is considered for the class of wireless networked control systems （WNCS）. An indicator is introduced in the WNCS model. The packet drop sequences in the indicator are represented as states of a Markov chain. A new discrete Markov switching system model integrating 802.11 protocol and new scheduling approach for wireless networks with control systems are constructed. The variable controller can be obtained easily by solving the linear matrix inequality （LMI） with the use of the Matlab toolbox. Both the known and unknown dropout probabilities are considered. Finally, a simulation is given to show the feasibility of the proposed method.

Multiple UIO-based test sequence generation for distributed systems

In developing distributed systems, conformance testing is required to determine whether an implementation under test （IUT） conforms to its specification. With distributed test architectures involving multiple remote testers, testing approaches may become more complicated because of issues known as controllability and observability problems. Based on a finite state machine （FSM） representation of the system＇s specification, this paper proposes a new method to generate a test sequence utilizing multiple UIO sequences. The method is essentially guided by the way of minimizing the use of external coordination messages and input/output operations. Experiments are given to evaluate the proposed method.

An Improved Robust Model Predictive Control Approach to Systems with Linear Fractional Transformation Perturbations

In this paper, a robust model predictive control approach is proposed for a class of uncertain systems with time-varying, linear fractional transformation perturbations. By adopting a sequence of feedback control laws instead of a single one, the control performance can be improved and the region of attraction can be enlarged compared with the existing model predictive control （MPC） approaches. Moreover, a synthesis approach of MPC is developed to achieve high performance with lower on-line computational burden. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by simulation examples.

CONTROLLABILITY OF A CLASS OF HYBRID DYNAMIC SYSTEMS (Ⅲ)—MULTIPLE TIME_DELAY CASE

The controllability for switched linear systems with time_delay in controls is first investigated. The whole work contains three parts. This is the third part. The definition and determination of controllability of switched linear systems with multiple time_delay in control functions is mainly investigated. The sufficient and necessary conditions for the one_periodic, multiple_periodic controllability of periodic_type systems and controllability of aperiodic systems are presented,respectively. Finally, the case of distinct delays is discussed, it is shown that the controllability is independent of the size of delays.

CONTROLLABILITY OF A CLASS OF HYBRID DYNAMIC SYSTEMS (Ⅱ)—SINGLE TIME_DELAY CASE

The controllability for switched linear systems with time_delay in controls is first investigated. The whole work contains three parts. This is the second part. The definition and determination of controllability of switched linear systems with single time_delay in control functions is mainly investigated. The sufficient and necessary conditions for the one_periodic, multiple_periodic controllability of periodic_type systems and controllability of periodic systems are presented, respectively.

A test sequence generation method of zone controller based on timed automata

In order to solve the problem of artificial generation and low efficiency of test sequences for zone controller (ZC), a model-based automatic generation method of test sequence is proposed. Firstly, the timed automata model is established based on function analysis of the zone controller, and the correctness of the model is verified by UPPAAL. Then by parsing the timed automata model files, state information and transition conditions can be extracted to generate test case sets. Finally, according to the serialization conditions of test cases, the test cases are serialized into test sequences by using the improved depth first search algorithm. A case, the ZC controls the train running within its jurisdiction, shows that the method is correct and can effectively improve the efficiency of test sequence generation.

Stabilization of multiple independent linear systems with control networks

The problem of stabilizing multiple independent linear systems sharing one common network cable is presented and solved. Both the quantization and time sequencing are studied in the field of control over networks by providing the formulated stabilizing sufficient condition which illustrates the relationship between the system instability, quantization and time sequencing,and the data rate is also presented in terms of the quantization and time sequencing. A numerical example is given to illustrate the result.

Evolution and controlling factors of the gravity flow deposits in the Miocene sequence stratigraphic framework,the Lower Congo-Congo Fan Basin,West Africa

To understand the evolution of the Miocene gravity flow deposits in the Lower Congo-Congo Fan Basin,this paper documents the Miocene sequence stratigraphic framework,the depositional characteristics and the controlling factors of the gravity flow system.Based on the establishment of high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework,lithofacies characteristics and sedimentary units of the gravity flow deposits in the region are identified by using seismic,well logging and core data comprehensively,and the sedimentary evolution process is revealed and the controlling factors are discussed.The Miocene can be divided into four 3 rd-order sequences(SQ1-SQ4).The gravity flow deposits mainly include siliciclastic rock and pelite.The main sedimentary units include slumping deposits,mass transport deposits(MTD),channel fills,levee-overbank deposits,and frontal lobes.In the Early Miocene(SQ1),mainly gull-wing,weakly restricted to unrestricted depositional channel-overbank complexes and lobes were formed.In the early Middle Miocene(SQ2),W-shaped and weakly restricted erosional-depositional channels(multi-phase superposition)were subsequently developed.In the late Middle Miocene(SQ3),primarily U-shaped and restricted erosional channels were developed.In the Late Miocene(SQ4),largely V-shaped and deeply erosional isolated channels were formed in the study area.Climate cooling and continuous fall of the sea level made the study area change from toe of slope-submarine plain to lower continental slope,middle continental slope and finally to upper continental slope,which in turn affected the strength of the gravity flow.The three times of tectonic uplifting and climate cooling in the West African coast provided abundant sediment supply for the development of gravity flow deposits.Multistage activities of salt structures played important roles in redirecting,restricting,blocking and destroying the gravity flow deposits.Clarifying the characteristics,evolution and controlling factors of the Miocene gravity flow deposits in the Lower Congo-Congo Fan Basin can provide reference for deep-water petroleum exploration in this basin.

ANALYSIS OF THE MUTUAL INFORMATION BETWEEN INPUT AND OUTPUT OF A CLASS OF CLOCK-CONTROLLED SEQUENCES

In this paper, the mutual information between clock-controlled input and output sequences is discussed. It is proved that the mutual information is a strictly monotone increasing function of the length of output sequence, and its divergent rate is gaven.

CONSTRUCTING AND ANALYZING A CLASS OF CONTROLLABLE SEQUENCES

By using m-sequence over the finite field GF(2m) of degree L to control m-sequence over GF(2m) of degree L, a class of periodic sequences with large linear complexity is constructed. The lower bounds of the linear complexity of these sequences are L((L +1)m-Lm).

POWER CONTROL WITH CODER-ESTIMATOR SEQUENCES

Power control is an important issue in mobile communication systems and has been studied extensively in the literature. This paper has taken on a new perspective and modeled the problem as a state estimation problem with finite communication constraints. The problem is solved by using the 1-bit mean coder-estimator sequence. The performance of the coder-estimator sequence is compared with that of the simple feedback power control technique by evaluating their respective fade margins as in commonly done in radio system engineering.

CONTROLLABILITY OF A CLASS OF HYBRID DYNAMIC SYSTEMS (Ⅰ)—BASIC PROPERTIES AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS

The controllability for switched linear system with time_delay in controls was first investigated. The whole work contains three parts. This is the first part, including problem formulation and some preliminaries. Firstly, the mathematical model of switched linear systems with time_delay in control functions was presented. Secondly, the concept of column space, cyclic invariant subspace and generalized cyclic invariant subspace were introduced. And some basic properties, such as separation lemma, were presented. Finally, a basic lemma was given to reveal the relation between the solution set of a centain integral equations and the generalized cyclic invariant subspace. This lemma will play an important role in the determination of controllability. All these definitions and lemmas are necessary research tools for controllability analysis.

SUBSTITUENT CHEMICAL SHIFT (SCS) AND THE SEQUENCE STRUCTURE OF ETHYLENE-VINYL ALCOHOL COPOLYMERS

Three ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers were studied by means of the substituent chemical shift (SCS) method. The SCS parameters of hydroxy (-OH) in two different solvents were obtained: in deuterium oxide/phenol (20/80 W/W ) the parameters are S_1 = 42.77±0.08ppm, S_2 = 7.15±0.06 ppm, S_3 (s)= -4.08±0.02ppm, S_3 (t) =-3.09±0.20ppm,S_4 = 0.48±0.03ppm, S_5 = 0.26±0.05ppm. In o-dichloro-benzen-d_4 S_1(s)=44.79±0.61ppm, S_2=7.40±0.00ppm, S_3(s)=-4.51±0.17ppm, S_3(t)=-3.13 ±0.00 ppm, S_4 =0.63±0.04ppm, S_5=0.36±0.00ppm.Simultaneously the ^(13)CNMR spectra of EVA copolymers were assigned by using the SCS parameters obtained.