Family with sequence similarity 134 member B-mediated reticulophagy ameliorates hepatocyte apoptosis induced by dithiothreitol

BACKGROUND Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress-related hepatocyte apoptosis is responsible for multiple hepatic diseases.Previous studies have revealed that endoplasmic reticulophagy(ER-phagy)promotes the selective clearance of damaged ER fragments during ER stress,playing a crucial role in maintaining ER homeostasis and inhibiting apoptosis.Family with sequence similarity 134 member B(FAM134B)is a receptor involved in ER-phagy that can form a complex with calnexin(CNX)and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3).The complex can mediate the selective isolation of ER fragments to attenuate hepatocyte apoptosis.However,the precise regulatory mechanisms remain unclear.AIM To elucidate the effect of FAM134B-mediated ER-phagy on ER stress-induced apoptosis in buffalo rat liver 3A(BRL-3A)rat hepatocytes and the potential regulatory mechanisms.METHODS ER stress-related hepatocyte apoptosis was induced using dithiothreitol(DTT).Proteins related to ER stress and autophagy were measured with western blotting.Protein complex interactions with FAM134B were isolated by co-immunoprecipitation.ER-phagy was evaluated in immunofluorescence experiments.Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry.Mitochondrial Ca^(2+) levels were evaluated by the co-localization of intracellular Ca^(2+)-tracker and Mitotracker.The small interfering RNA against FAM134B was used to knockdown FAM134B in BRL-3A cells.RESULTS ER stress-related and autophagy-related proteins in BRL-3A cells were elevated by both short and long-term DTT treatment.Furthermore,co-immunoprecipitation confirmed an interaction between FAM134B,CNX,FAM134B,and LC3 in BRL-3A cells.Immunofluorescence assays revealed that autolysosomes significantly decreased following short-term DTT treatment,but increased after long-term treatment.Mitochondrial Ca2+levels and apoptotic rates were dramatically elevated,and more cells were arrested in the G1 stage after short-term DTT treatment;however,these decreased 48 h later.Moreover,FAM134B downregulation accelerated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway activation and aggravated hepatocyte apoptosis under ER stress.CONCLUSION FAM134B-mediated ER-phagy attenuates hepatocyte apoptosis by suppressing the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.Our findings provide new evidence highlighting the importance of FAM134Bmediated ER-phagy in attenuating hepatocyte apoptosis.

RESEARCH ON ADAPTIVE COMPRESSION CODING FOR NETWORK CODING IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

Based on the sequence entropy of Shannon information theory, we work on the network coding technology in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). In this paper, we take into account the similarity of the transmission sequences at the network coding node in the multi-sources and multi-receivers network in order to compress the data redundancy. Theoretical analysis and computer simulation results show that this proposed scheme not only further improves the efficiency of network transmission and enhances the throughput of the network, but also reduces the energy consumption of sensor nodes and extends the network life cycle.

Comparative visual analytics for assessing medical records with sequence embedding

Machine learning for data-driven diagnosis has been actively studied in medicine to provide better healthcare.Supporting analysis of a patient cohort similar to a patient under treatment is a key task for clinicians to make decisions with high confidence.However,such analysis is not straightforward due to the characteristics of medical records:high dimensionality,irregularity in time,and sparsity.To address this challenge,we introduce a method for similarity calculation of medical records.Our method employs event and sequence embeddings.While we use an autoencoder for the event embedding,we apply its variant with the self-attention mechanism for the sequence embedding.Moreover,in order to better handle the irregularity of data,we enhance the self-attention mechanism with consideration of different time intervals.We have developed a visual analytics system to support comparative studies of patient records.To make a comparison of sequences with different lengths easier,our system incorporates a sequence alignment method.Through its interactive interface,the user can quickly identify patients of interest and conveniently review both the temporal and multivariate aspects of the patient records.We demonstrate the effectiveness of our design and system with case studies using a real-world dataset from the neonatal intensive care unit of UC Davis.