Performance of Sequencing Biofilm Batch Reactor(SBBR) under Micro-aerobic Condition for Aniline-Contaminated Wastewater Treatment

The performance of sequencing biofilm batch reactor( SBBR) under micro-aerobic condition for aniline-contaminated wastewater treatment was investigated in this study. Dissolved oxygen( DO) and aniline concentrations were selected as the operating variables to analyze,model,and optimize the process. In order to analyze the process,5 dependent parameters,chemical oxygen demand( COD),aniline,ammonium,total nitrogen( TN),and total phosphorous( TP) removal as the process responses were studied. From the results, increase in DO concentration could promote the removal of COD,aniline,ammonium,and TN,while increase in aniline concentration has a slightly negative impact on the removal of pollutants. The optimum DO concentration was found to be 0. 4-0. 5 mg /L. The removal efficiencies for COD,aniline,ammonium,and TN at the optimum point( DO concentration0. 5 mg /L,aniline concentration 11 mg /L) were 95. 84%,100%,75. 72%,and 45. 39%,respectively. The oxidative deamination was the main degradation method for aniline under micro-aerobic condition. Simultaneously nitrification-denitrification( SND)process performed under micro-aerobic condition and about 20%-40% nitrogen was removed by SND.

Impact of salinity on treatment of saline wastewater by sequencing batch biofilm reactor process

High salinity industrial wastewater is difficult to treat using biological treatment system because of the high concentrations of salt.The potential of a sequencing batch biofilm reactor(SBBR)process in treating synthetic high salinity wastewater was evaluated at laboratory scale during a 110-day operation.The reactor was operated in a 12 h cycle,and each cycle consisted of 0.25 h influent addition,8 h aeration,3 h anoxic reaction,0.5 h sedimentation and 0.25 h effluent withdrawal.Gradual increase in salinity gradient was applied during the acclimatization period.The acclimated SBBR system was demonstrated to be an effective process to remove organic compounds and ammonia nitrogen under high salinity conditions with chemical oxygen demand(COD)and ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N)removal efficiencies of 88% and 80%,respectively.The microscopic examination indicated that rather than rotifers or vorticella,the zoogloea,filamentous fungus mingled with a small quantity of swimming infusorians were dominant bacteria in SBBR system.The removal efficiencies close to 80% in COD and 75% in NH3-N were achieved at an organic loading rate(OLR)of 0.96 kg COD/(m3·d),pH of 7.0,salinity of 14 g/L and NH3-N of 30 mg/L.

Simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from swine wastewater in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor

In this study, the performance of a sequencing batch biofilm reactor(SBBR) for removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from swine wastewater was evaluated. The replacement rate of wastewater was set at 12.5% throughout the experiment. The anaerobic and aerobic times were 3 h and 7 h, respectively, and the dissolved oxygen concentration of the aerobic phase was about 3.95 mg·L-1. The SBBR process demonstrated good performance in treating swine wastewater. The percentage removal of total chemical oxygen demand(COD), ammonia nitrogen(NH4+-N), total nitrogen(TN), and total phosphorus(TP) was 98.2%, 95.7%, 95.6%, and 96.2% at effluent concentrations of COD85.6 mg·L-1, NH4+-N 35.22 mg·L-1, TN 44.64 mg·L-1, and TP 1.13 mg·L-1, respectively. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification phenomenon was observed. Further improvement in removal efficiency of NH4+-N and TN occurred at COD/TN ratio of 11:1, with effluent concentrations at NH4+-N 18.5 mg·L-1and TN 34 mg·L-1, while no such improvement in COD and TP removal was found. Microbial electron microscopy analysis showed that the filler surface was covered with a thick biofilm, forming an anaerobic–aerobic microenvironment and facilitating the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matters. A long-term experiment(15 weeks) showed that stable removal efficiency for N and P could be achieved in the SBBR system.

Treatment of Wastewater with Modified Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor Technology

This paper describes the removal of COD and nitrogen from wastewater with modified sequencing batch biofilm reactor. The strategy of simultaneous feeding and draining was explored.The results show that introduction of a new batch of wastewater and withdrawal of the purified water can be conducted simultaneously with the maximum volumetric exchange rate of about 70%.Application of this feeding and draining mode leads to the reduction of the cycle time, the increase of the utilization of the reactor volume and the simplification of the reactor structure. The treatment of a synthetic wastewater containing COD and nitrogen was investigated. The operation mode of F(D) O ( i.e ., simultaneous feeding and draining followed by the aerobic condition) was adopted. It was found that COD was degraded very fast in the initial reaction period of time, then reduced slowly and the ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen concentrations decreased and increased with time respectively, while the nitrite nitrogen level increased first and then reduced. The relationship between the COD or ammonia nitrogen loading and its removal rate was examined, and the removal of COD, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen could exceed 95%, 90% and 80% respectively. The fact that nitrogen could be removed more completely under constant aeration (aerobic condition) of the SBBR operation mode is very interesting and could be explained in several respects.

Research Development and Application of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor

Frequent variations of the wastewater quality and quantity and other uncertain factors are the challenges faced by many wastewater treatment plants during the operation. Sequencing batch biofilm reactor（ SBBR） process provides a new idea for an effective solution to this problem. This paper introduces the basic processes and characteristics of the sequencing batch biofilm reactor（ SBBR） process,and summarizes the research status of this process in wastewater treatment. Factors affecting the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect of the SBBR process are also analyzed.

厌氧-好氧-缺氧SBBR工艺对垃圾渗滤液深度脱氮处理的试验

传统的垃圾渗滤液生化处理工艺以厌氧-好氧(AO)为主,存在总氮(TN)去除率较低的问题。为提高垃圾渗滤液的TN去除率和去除速率,本研究采用序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)工艺处理COD_(Cr)质量浓度为7760 mg/L、TN质量浓度为1200 mg/L的实际垃圾渗滤液。该SBBR的运行模式为厌氧-好氧-缺氧运行,在不增加外加碳源的情况下,经过85 d的启动和驯化,出水TN质量浓度低于20 mg/L,TN的去除效率>97%。与序批式反应器(SBR)相比,投加填料提高了同步硝化反硝化(SND)的去除效率,周期从19.5 h缩短到13.75 h。高通量分析表明,SBBR的优势类群为变形菌门(26.43%),而SBR的优势类群为绿弯菌门(28.53%),不同的优势菌群可能是SBBR相比SBR脱氮效率更高的原因之一。

碱激活PMS氧化法协同SBBR深度处理焦化废水研究

采用碱激活过一硫酸盐(PMS)氧化法协同序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)工艺深度处理焦化废水,研究当以NaOH作为激活剂时,pH、PMS浓度和温度对碱/PMS体系去除焦化废水生化出水COD和色度的影响,之后考察SBBR工艺处理碱/PMS体系出水的效果。研究结果表明,碱/PMS体系深度处理焦化废水的最佳条件为温度25℃、pH=10、PMS投加浓度7 mmol/L、反应时间4 h,在此条件下色度和COD的去除率分别为96.1%和45.9%。电子顺磁共振实验表明碱/PMS体系存在^(1)O_(2)、O_(2)•-、∙OH和SO_(4)•-等活性氧物种。废水经碱/PMS体系处理后可生化性提高,之后经SBBR工艺进一步处理后出水COD<60 mg/L。总体而言,碱激活PMS氧化法协同SBBR工艺对COD的平均去除率达66.7%。焦化废水生化出水处理前后的三维荧光光谱分析表明,碱/PMS体系协同SBBR工艺能去除焦化废水生化出水中的芳香蛋白类物质和类腐殖酸物质。

持续负荷冲击下AnSBBR运行性能及群落结构响应

以厌氧序批式生物膜反应器(AnSBBR)处理葡萄酒生产废水,考察反应器在持续负荷冲击下的运行特性及群落结构响应.结果显示,持续负荷冲击的前13d(29~41d),反应器运行稳定;因逐渐增加的氢分压和挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs),到56d时系统稳定性降低(VFA/TA=0.72),乙酸比产甲烷活性(SMA)降低46.2%,但氢利用速率(HUR)增加69.2%,辅酶F420浓度增加11.9%.在42d时仅外层的Slime-EPS浓度明显增加(34.1%);在56d时TB-EPS和LB-EPS浓度增加61.3%和62.8%,其PN/PS比值增加197.8%和126.0%,负荷冲击诱导EPS分泌大量的应急性蛋白类产物,其电活性物质提高了系统的电子传递活性(35.5%).Illumina MiSeq显示,负荷冲击下Desulfovibrio、Ruminococcus和Geobacter等产酸菌丰度降低,而Methanobacterium丰度由32.2%增至50.9%.生物膜系统通过逐级EPS分泌和强化还原CO_(2)产甲烷来响应持续负荷冲击的影响.

流离球内填料配比对SBBR污染物去除影响的研究

为了探究流离球内部组合填料配比对污水中污染物去除的影响,以鲍尔环与海绵作为内部填料,组成7种不同填料配比的流离球,构建SBBR反应器进行实验。鲍尔环与海绵填料体积比分别为:0∶189、4∶27、11∶27、21∶27、37∶27、71∶27、171∶27。实验结果表明,各填料比下COD处理效果较好,改变组合填料配比主要影响了传质效果、生物膜量、厌氧空间大小进而影响了系统的脱氮性能。填料比为37∶27时氮的去除效果最好,NH_(4)^(+)-N、TN的平均去除率分别为56.4%和55.3%;此时,系统生物量适中,生物膜絮凝性好。

Effect of the C:N:P ratio on the denitrifying dephosphatation in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor(SBBR)

A series of investigations were conducted using sequencing batch biofilm reactor（SBBR） to explore the influence of C：N：P ratio on biological dephosphatation including the denitrifying dephosphatation and the denitrification process.Biomass in the reactor occurred mainly in the form of a biofilm attached to completely submerged disks.Acetic acid was used as the source of organic carbon.C：N：P ratios have had a significant effect on the profiles of phosphate release and phosphate uptake and nitrogen removal.The highest rates of phosphate release and phosphate uptake were recorded at the C：N：P ratio of 140：70：7.The C：N ratio of 2.5：1 ensured complete denitrification.The highest rate of denitrification was achieved at the C：N：P ratio of 140：35：7.The increase of nitrogen load caused an increase in phosphates removal until a ratio C：N：P of 140：140：7.Bacteria of the biofilm exposed to alternate conditions of mixing and aeration exhibited enhanced intracellular accumulation of polyphosphates.Also,the structure of the biofilm encouraged anaerobic-aerobic as well as anoxic-anaerobic and absolutely anaerobic conditions in a SBBR.These heterogeneous conditions in the presence of nitrates may be a significant factor determining the promotion of denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organism（DNPAO） development.

ASBR联合SBBR工艺同步硝化反硝化处理垃圾渗滤液深度脱氮效能

为了提高垃圾渗滤液生化处理的TN去除率,采用厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)串联序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)处理化学需氧量(COD)为(5700±500)mg/L、TN浓度为(210±50)mg/L的实际垃圾渗滤液。结果表明:ASBR的出水进入SBBR反应器进行深度脱氮,主要作用是调节后续SBBR进水的碳氮比(C/N),ASBR对渗滤液COD的去除率为90%。C/N是决定SBBR脱氮效率的关键,进水C/N调至4.8,在生物膜的作用下,SBBR仅通过厌氧搅拌和好氧阶段的同步硝化反硝化(SND)便可以实现对垃圾渗滤液的深度脱氮,出水TN浓度低于10 mg/L,周期运行时长也由第54天的24 h缩短至5.6 h。整个串联系统经过103 d的驯化和启动可以达到最佳的处理效果,出水COD、氨氮(NH4+-N)、TN浓度分别为(380±10)、(1.0±0.5)、(5±5)mg/L,去除率分别达到93%、99%和95%。通过高通量测序分析可知,系统中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)相对丰度较高,分别为55.11%、21.32%。系统中具有反硝化作用的厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度占比为2.81%,这可能是SBBR取得优秀脱氮效果的关键。在属水平下,系统中具有反硝化功能的菌种主要为Thauera和Limnobacter,在系统中占比分别为15.22%和2.84%,它们的存在可能是系统SND效果好的主要原因之一。

Effect of pH on biologic degradation of Microcystis aeruginosa by alga-lysing bacteria in sequencing batch biofilm reactors

In this paper, the effect of pH on biological degradation of Microcystis aeruginosa by alga-lysing bacteria in laboratory-scale sequencing batch biofilm reactors （SBBRs） was investigated. After 10 d filming with waste activated sludge, the biological film could be formed, and the bioreactors in which laid polyolefin resin filler were used to treat algal culture. By comparing the removal efficiency of chlorophyll a at different aerobic time, the optimum time was determined as 5 h. Under pH 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5 conditions, the removal rates of Microcystis aeruginosa were respectively 75.9%, 83.6%, and 78.3% （in term of chlorophyll a）, and that of Chemical Oxygen Demand （CODMn） were 30.6%, 35.8%, and 33.5%. While the removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen （NH＋ -N） were all 100%. It was observed that the sequence of the removal efficiencies of algae, NH＋ -N and organic matter were pH 7.5 〉 pH 8.5 〉 pH 6.5. The results showed that the dominant alga-lysing bacteria in the SBBRs was strain HM-01, which was identified as Bacillus sp. by Polymerase Chain Reaction （PCR） amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, Basic Local Alignment Search Tool （BLAST） analysis, and compar- ison with sequences in the GenBank nucleotide database. The algicidal activated substance which HM-01 strain excreted could withstand high temperature and pressure, also had better hydrophily and stronger polarity.

HRT对组合式填料SBBR脱氮性能和EPS的影响

研究了水力停留时间(HRT)对组合式填料序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)处理模拟生活废水性能的影响。考察了不同HRT(16、12、8 h)的条件下SBBR的脱氮性能、脱氮速率和胞外聚合物(EPS)质量分数的变化。结果表明,HRT对COD去除率没有显著影响;缩短HRT抑制生物膜上微生物的活性,使紧密胞外聚合物(TB-EPS)和疏松胞外聚合物(LB-EPS)质量分数增加30.25%、29.88%,脱氮速率降低至64.1%;实验得出的最佳HRT为12 h。

Effects of tourmaline on nitrogen removal performance and biofilm structures in the sequencing batch biofilm reactor

The effects of tourmaline on nitrogen removal performance and biofilm structures were comparatively investigated in two identical laboratory-scale sequencing batch biofilm reactors（SBBRs）（denoted SBBR1 and SBBR2） at different nitrogen loading rates（NLRs） varying from（0.24 ± 0.01） to（1.26 ± 0.02） g N/（L·day）. SBBR1 was operated in parallel with SBBR2, but SBBR1 was filled with polyurethane foam loaded tourmaline（TPU） carriers and another（SBBR2） filled with polyurethane foam（PU） carriers. Results obtained from this study showed that the excellent and stable performance of SBBR1 was obtained. Ammonia nitrogen removal and total nitrogen removal were higher in SBBR1 than that in SBBR2 with increase of NLR. At an NLR of（0.24 ± 0.01） g N/（L·day）, the majority of the spherical and elliptical bacteria were surrounded by the extracellular polymeric substance（EPS） and bacillus or filamentous bacteria in two SBBRs biofilms. When NLR increased to（1.26 ± 0.02） g N/（L·day）, the clusters were more obvious in the SBBR1 biofilm than that in the SBBR2 biofilm. Bacteria in SBBR1 were inclined to synthesis more EPS, and the formed EPS could protect the bacteria from free ammonia（FA） under extreme condition NLR（1.26 ± 0.02） g N/（L·day）. The results of polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the microbial community similarity in SBBR2 decreased more obviously than that in SBBR1 with the increase of NLR, which the microbial community in SBBR1 was relatively stable.

Mechanism studies on nitrogen removal when treating ammonium-rich leachate by sequencing batch biofilm reactor

The nitrogen removal mechanism was studied and analyzed when treating the ammonium-rich landfill leachate by a set of sequencing batch biofilm reactors(SBBRs),which was designed independently.At the liquid temperature of(32P0.4)°C,and after a 58-days domestica-tion period and a 33-days stabilization period,the efficiency of ammonium removal in the SBBR went up to 95%.Highly frequent intermittent aeration suppressed the activity of nitratebacteria,and also eliminated the influence on the activity of anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX)bacteria and nitritebacteria.This influence was caused by the accumulation of nitrous acid and the undulation of pH.During the aeration stage,the concentration of dissolved oxygen was controlled at 1.2-1.4 mg/L.The nitritebacteria became dominant and nitrite accumulated gradually.During the anoxic stage,along with the concentration debasement of the dissolved oxygen,ANAMMOX bacteria became domi-nant;then,the nitrite that was accumulated in the aeration stage was wiped off with ammonium simultaneously.

侧流与主流磷回收工艺对比及调控因子分析

从污水中回收磷是缓解磷资源危机的有效途径,目前,污水处理厂常用的磷回收工艺主要为从剩余污泥中回收磷的侧流工艺,存在工艺复杂、回收效率低等问题.以生物膜为主体的主流磷回收工艺可实现磷的同步去除与富集,工艺简单且高效,因此更具发展前景.两种工艺在运行原理及模式上存在显著差异,因此对两者的调控措施不尽相同.本文分别以A^(2)O工艺和生物膜序批式反应器工艺为代表,对比了侧流和主流磷回收工艺在运行原理及模式上的异同,并以聚磷菌的代谢机理为基础,总结了温度、pH值、水力停留时间、溶解氧、碳源和蓄磷量等调控因子对两种工艺产生的影响,并阐述了其差异化机制,以期为生物膜磷回收工艺的进一步发展提供参考.

Enhancing nitrogen removal from low carbon to nitrogen ratio wastewater by using a novel sequencing batch biofilm reactor

Removing nitrogen from wastewater with low chemical oxygen demand/total nitrogen （COD/TN） ratio is a difficult task due to the insufficient carbon source available for denitrification. Therefore, in the present work, a novel sequencing batch biofilm reactor （NSBBR） was developed to enhance the nitrogen removal from wastewater with low COD/ TN ratio. The NSBBR was divided into two units separated by a vertical clapboard. Alternate feeding and aeration was performed in the two units, which created an anoxie unit with rich substrate content and an aeration unit deficient in substrate simultaneously. Therefore, the utilization of the influent carbon source for denitrification was increased, leading to higher TN removal compared to conventional SBBR （CSBBR） operation. The results show that the CSBBR removed up to 76.8%, 44.5% and 10.4% of TN, respectively, at three tested COD/TN ratios （9.0, 4.8 and 2.5）. In contrast, the TN removal of the NSBBR could reach 81.9%, 60.5% and 26.6%, respectively, at the corresponding COD/TN ratios. Therefore, better TN removal performance could be achieved in the NSBBR, especially at low CODfrN ratios （4.8 and 2.5）. Furthermore, it is easy to upgrade a CSBBR into an NSBBR in practice.

SBBR同步硝化反硝化处理生活污水的影响因素

序批式生物膜反应器SBBR采用塑料鲍尔环填料,在有氧情况下用于处理实际生活污水.该反应器能很好地创造缺氧微环境,载体生物膜具有吸附储碳能力,出现了良好的同步硝化和反硝化现象.反应器中溶解氧浓度在较大的范围内（0.8～4.0 mg·L^-1）能有效地实现同步硝化和反硝化.当溶解氧浓度大于4.0 mg·L^-1后,TN容积去除率大幅下降,出水TN大幅上升.增加载体生物膜厚度有利于同步硝化和反硝化.进水浓度基本不影响脱氮的效率,但出水TN随进水浓度增加而升高,建议原水浓度高时可增加后续脱氮处理或减少进水量来满足出水要求.优化运行方法和参数后,SBBR连续运行的TN去除率可稳定在74%～82%.

DO对SBBR工艺同步硝化反硝化的影响研究

实验研究了序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)同步硝化反硝化生物脱氮城市污水处理工艺。试验结果表明:DO是影响SBBR工艺实现同步硝化反硝化的一个重要因素,将DO控制在2.8～4.0mg/L的范围内,可以取得较好同步硝化反硝化效果,总氮去除率可达67%以上。通过好氧反应过程中溶解氧在生物膜内反应扩散模型以及扫描电镜对生物膜的形态结构观察,分析了SBBR工艺同步硝化反硝化机理。SBBR工艺同步硝化反硝化主要是由微环境引起的,生物膜在好氧条件下能创造缺氧微环境,DO浓度直接影响生物膜内部好氧区与缺氧区比例的大小,进而影响硝化和反硝化的效果。DO浓度升高,使氧传递能力增强,使生物膜内部原来的微环境由缺氧性转为好氧性;反之DO浓度降低,生物膜内部微环境倾向于向缺氧或厌氧发展。

温度对SBBR亚硝酸型同步硝化反硝化的影响

采用序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)处理广州地区的城市污水,当温度为21～35℃时均能实现亚硝酸型同步硝化反硝化。随着温度的上升,氨氧化速率及对TN的去除速率均加快,31℃时达到最大值,其中氨氧化速率为4.71mgNH4+-N/(L.h),对TN的去除率为84.8%;但当温度升高到35℃时去除速率会略有下降,且所需反应时间延长。在21～35℃的范围内,温度对反硝化菌的影响要小于对亚硝酸菌的,随着温度的升高,SBBR的同步反硝化效果相对得到了加强。利用DO、pH和ORP的变化规律判定反应结束时刻,可以实现对亚硝酸型同步硝化反硝化的过程控制。