基于Serendipity“动力-类型”的技术创新失败挽救机制研究

基于Serendipity类型和动力提出技术创新失败挽救机制的16个理论假设,并通过生物制药产业案例进行实证检验。结果表明,技术创新失败挽救有观察者主导的Walpolian型和观察者主导的Merton型两个主流机制,以及理论主导的Merton型、网络主导的Merton型、网络主导的Bushian型和理论主导的Walpolian型4个非主流机制。从挽救动力、类型、动力与类型结合以及挽救机制联合作用等方面对技术创新失败挽救机制进行讨论,最后提出研究结论、理论贡献和未来展望。

划线法构建Serendipity单元插值函数的几点思考

插值函数的构建在有限元分析中起着至关重要的作用,本文从一个变节点四边形等参单元的插值函数的构建出发,分析了划线法构建Serendipity单元插值函数时应注意的几点问题,提出了划线法构建插值函数时选择直线或曲线的原则,并通过3个例子验证了该结论.

TENSOR UNIVERSAL SERENDIPITY ELEMENTS AND UNSTEADY TAYLOR-GALERKIN FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

A new kind of Universal Serendipity Element (USE) - the Tensor Universal Serendipity Element (TUSE) is constructed by using both tensor force finite elements and the basic idea of USE. The formulation of shape functions and their derivatives for TUSE is presented. TUSE can be used to study steady and unsteady transonic flow fields when combined with Taylor-Galerkin Finite Element Methods, the NND scheme in FDM, and four-stage Runge-Kutta methods. As numerical examples the transonic flow in cascades and one kind of complex unsteady transonic axisymmetric how in engineering are studied. It is shown that the algorithm presented in this paper is efficient and robust.

Serendipity in anticancer drug discovery

It was found that the discovery of 5.8%(84/1437) of all drugs on the market involved serendipity. Of these drugs, 31(2.2%) were discovered following an incident in the laboratory and 53(3.7%) were discovered in a clinical setting. In addition, 263(18.3%) of the pharmaceuticals in clinical use today are chemical derivatives of the drugs discovered with the aid of serendipity. Therefore, in total, 24.1%(347/1437) of marketed drugs can be directly traced to serendipitous events confirming the importance of this elusive phenomenon. In the case of anticancer drugs, 35.2%(31/88) can be attributed to a serendipitous event, which is somewhat larger than for all drugs. The therapeutic field that has benefited the most from serendipity are central nervous system active drugs reflecting the difficulty in designing compounds to pass the blood-brain-barrier and the lack of laboratory-based assays for many of the diseases of the mind.

Role of serendipity in the discovery of classical antidepressant drugs:Applying operational criteria and patterns of discovery

The role played by serendipity in the origin of modern psychopharmacology has proven to be controversial in scientific literature.In its original meaning(Walpole),serendipity refers to discoveries made through a combination of accidents and sagacity.We have implemented an operational definition of serendipity based on finding something unexpected or unintended,regardless of the systematic process that led to the accidental observation,and we have established four different patterns of serendipitous attributability.In this paper,we have analyzed the role of serendipity in the discovery and development of classical antidepressant drugs,tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors as well as heterocyclic,“atypical”or“second generation”antidepressants.The discovery of the antidepressant properties of imipramine and iproniazid,the prototypes of tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors,respectively,fits the mixed type II pattern;initial serendipitous discoveries(imipramine was an antipsychotic and iproniazid was an antituberculosis agent)led secondarily to non-serendipitous discoveries.But the other components of these two families of drugs were developed specifically as antidepressants,modifying the chemical structure of the series leaders,thereby allowing all of them to be included in the type IV pattern,characterized by the complete absence of serendipity.Among the heterocyclic drugs,mianserin(originally developed as an antihistamine)also falls into the type II pattern.

An Intermediary Organization Finds Potential Needs By Exploiting Serendipity

This paper intends to clarify the needs serendipity in creating new business. The authors will show that serendipity is capability method of finding potential needs and/or new markets. In economic society, potential needs and/or new markets are only partially exposed, such as an iceberg. Serendipity is a capability that can expose the potential hidden part through accidental opportunity. Something more concrete can be formed from the exposed parts. The authors describe cases that demonstrate the usefulness of serendipity. In one case, a high-tech start-up had intended to use medical electronic equipment and/or industrial electronic equipment as the first application of their core technology. In these markets, they were competing with established major companies, so this start-up had difficulty entering these markets. However, a specific distributor found potential needs that were met by the start-up＇s products, and has created a new market by combining their core technology with social needs. The authors define serendipity capability by analyzing this case example and argue that serendipity can contribute to finding opportunities and solving social issues.

Discovery, invention and serendipity

This paper attempts to relate serendipity, the natural ability to make interesting or valuable discoveries by accident （Longman Discovery of Contemporary English） with notable discoveries and inventions. It connotes the profound ability of finding out valuable things different from those who have been exploring by spending a lot of time or for years. The author will illustrate as many cases as possible within a given time constraint, so that surrounding environments and situations may be clarified, and such discoveries and inventions may be plausibly accomplished by accident or with rich reasons. These illustrations include historical as well as more recent cases. One of the cases is beyond the scope of our environment on the earth with preconceived notion, while other cases have given great impacts to our politics and also military intelligence. It should be noted that business and technological intelligence are deeply connected with discoveries, inventions and serendipity. In concluding remarks, the essence of serendipity will be summarized and how to side with the serendipity at the most important moment will be examined by viewing time series endeavors of the inventors and those who have devoted much time to discoveries.

A SERENDIPITY FAMILY 0F LOCALLY SUPPORTED SPLINES IN S_8~2(△)

For a given triangulation Δ of a region R of interest, let S_8~2(Δ): = {s∈C^2(R): s|_1∈P_8,l∈Δ} be the space of all splines of degree 8 and smoothness 2, where t denotes any triangle of Δ and P_8 the space of polynomials of total degree≤8. Furthermore, let S_8~2(Δ):={s∈S_8~3(Δ):s∈C^3 at v, v∈Δ} be a super spline subspace of S_8~2(Δ). We construel a collection of locally supported splines in S_8~2(Δ) which can be used to achieve lhe full approximation order of S_8~2(Δ) and its cardinalily is less than the di- mension of super spline space space S_8~2(Δ).

Coupling of Serendipity, Affordance and Taxonomy in Digital Competence: HCI for Illiterates

This research work is the result of multidisciplinary research for the design of a digital learning tool from the basic level. Computer science guarantees the technical concepts of the development of the tool. At the same time, Information and Communication Science discipline describes the concepts of cognitive psychology with digital competence in computerization. The overall goal of this work is to provide an HCI component for basic level learning or HCI for the illiterate. It is about transforming a communication tool from a cognitive system to a digital learning tool adapted to the learner’s level of digital competence. The author relies on the UML class diagram to identify the affordance and serendipity of HCI property entities. The mathematical study of the similarity between these two properties allows us to update the learner’s profile. Stephanie’s approach was used when managing the learner’s profile and the digital competency taxonomy to classify the learner’s level of digital use. The principle of an expert system was taken up in this work to make the decision on the level of digital competence of the learner and to guide the solution so that the learning continues without interruption. This expert system integrates the data science of digital educational materials, defining its specificity. The algorithm of the realization summarizes the implementation of the whole approach. αβGasy@mobile is an application on Android for Malagasy language literacy. To learn the letter “l” with this application, the initially low-level learner had an intermediate assessment score after 2 hours of continuous learning. Self-constructivism has been developed and strengthened by the HCI illiterate component. We have hundreds of learners for the case study and used ten smartphones to 5 inches. On the selected samples, the results of the experiment are close to our objective. More precisely, the inactive time is almost non-existent, the learning time predefined in the system is close to reality, and the speed of return on the interaction is fluid while the evaluation is notified.

卓丽（Chario）新旗舰扬声器——Academy Serendipity

与卓丽创办人Carlo Vicenzetto先生已是老相识了，所以见面后第一时间他就把今年晚些时候才会推出的新型卓丽旗舰扬声器的相关资料推荐给我。新旗舰扬声器仍属卓丽的Academy系列（贵族系列），这个系列最早的型号有Academy1、Academy2和旗舰Academy3，其后又演变出Academy的世代系列。

ERROR ANALYSIS OF THE SECOND-ORDER SERENDIPITY VIRTUAL ELEMENT METHOD FOR SEMILINEAR PSEUDO-PARABOLIC EQUATIONS ON CURVED DOMAINS

The second-order serendipity virtual element method is studied for the semilinear pseudo-parabolic equations on curved domains in this paper.Nonhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions are taken into account,the existence and uniqueness are investigated for the weak solution of the nonhomogeneous initial-boundary value problem.The Nitschebased projection method is adopted to impose the boundary conditions in a weak way.The interpolation operator is used to deal with the nonlinear term.The Crank-Nicolson scheme is employed to discretize the temporal variable.There are two main features of the proposed scheme:(i)the internal degrees of freedom are avoided no matter what type of mesh is utilized,and(ii)the Jacobian is simple to calculate when Newton’s iteration method is applied to solve the fully discrete scheme.The error estimates are established for the discrete schemes and the theoretical results are illustrated through some numerical examples.

“Serendipity”在技术创新中的合法性研究

Serendipity理论为技术创新研究提供了新视角,但其合法性需要严格的证明。引入"映射"的概念,通过生物制药产业的典型案例对Serendipity理论在技术创新研究中的应用合法性进行实证分析,通过检验对应要素和对应关系,确认Serendipity理论可以应用于技术创新研究,并归纳出Serendipity理论在技术创新研究中的三条应用准则。以技术创新失败项目挽救为应用情境,进一步针对Serendipity理论在技术创新研究中的应用提出若干具体思路。

Serendipity in Recommender Systems:A Systematic Literature Review

A recommender system is employed to accurately recommend items,which are expected to attract the user's attention.The over-emphasis on the accuracy of the recommendations can cause information over-specialization and make recommendations boring and even predictable.Novelty and diversity are two partly useful solutions to these problems.However,novel and diverse recommendations cannot merely ensure that users are attracted since such recommendations may not be relevant to the user's interests.Hence,it is necessary to consider other criteria,such as unexpectedness and relevance.Serendipity is a criterion for making appealing and useful recommendations.The usefulness of serendipitous recommendations is the main superiority of this criterion over novelty and diversity.The bulk of studies of recommender systems have focused on serendipity in recent years.Thus,a systematic literature review is conducted in this paper on previous studies of serendipity-oriented recommender systems.Accordingly,this paper focuses on the contextual convergence of serendipity definitions,datasets,serendipitous recommendation methods,and their evaluation techniques.Finally,the trends and existing potentials of the serendipity-oriented recommender systems are discussed for future studies.The results of the systematic literature review present that the quality and the quantity of articles in the serendipity-oriented recommender systems are progressing.

Superconvergence for rectangular serendipity finite elements

Based on an orthogonal expansion and orthogonality correction in an element, superconvergenceat symmetric points for any degree rectangular serendipity finite element approximation to second order ellipticproblem is proved, and its behaviour up to the boundary is also discussed.

Serendipity Virtual Elements for General Elliptic Equations in Three Dimensions

The authors study the use of the virtual element method(VEM for short) of order k for general second order elliptic problems with variable coefficients in three space dimensions. Moreover, they investigate numerically also the serendipity version of the VEM and the associated computational gain in terms of degrees of freedom.

Summary of research on recommendation system based on serendipity

Personalized recommender systems provide various personalized recommendations for different users through the analysis of their respective historical data.Currently,the problem of the“filter bubble”which has to do with over-specialization persists.Serendipity(SRDP),one of the evaluation indicators,can provide users with unexpected and useful recommendations,and help to successfully mitigate the filter bubble problem,and enhance users’satisfaction levels and provide them with diverse recommendations.Since SRDP is highly subjective and challenging to study,only a few studies have focused on it in recent years.In this study,the research results on SRDP were summarized,the various definitions of SRDP and its applications were discussed,the specific SRDP calculation process from qualitative to quantitative perspectives was presented,the challenges and the development directions were outlined to provide a framework for further research.

A Quadratic Serendipity Finite Volume Element Method on Arbitrary Convex Polygonal Meshes

Based on the idea of serendipity element,we construct and analyze the first quadratic serendipity finite volume element method for arbitrary convex polygonalmeshes in this article.The explicit construction of quadratic serendipity element shape function is introduced from the linear generalized barycentric coordinates,and the quadratic serendipity element function space based on Wachspress coordinate is selected as the trial function space.Moreover,we construct a family of unified dual partitions for arbitrary convex polygonal meshes,which is crucial to finite volume element scheme,and propose a quadratic serendipity polygonal finite volume element method with fewer degrees of freedom.Finally,under certain geometric assumption conditions,the optimal H1 error estimate for the quadratic serendipity polygonal finite volume element scheme is obtained,and verified by numerical experiments.

自适应有限元局部P加密的面向对象程序实现

本文采用了面向对象的程序设计方法,以C++作为编程语言,构造了一个局部自适应有限元P加密程序。研究内容涉及从Serendipity函数的构造、单元的形成、自升阶算法以及误差估计和判断。最后采用C++的一系列类及成员函数实现了这些功能,并构造了相应的输入输出模块,使其成为一个完整的自适应有限元分析程序。文中给出的计算结果表明,在P加密有限元分析程序中,误差随着阶数的升高而下降。而且,局部P加密的区域也集中在应力奇异的部位。这验证了文中的理论推导及程序实现的正确性。