Crystal Growth, Thermal, Mechanical and Optical Properties of a New Organic Nonlinear Optical Material: Ethyl P-Dimethylamino Benzoate (EDMAB)

An organic material, namely, ethyl p-dimethylamino benzoate was crystallized for the first time by solution growth technique using pure and mixed solvents. Growth kinetics and morphology changes with solvents were investigated based on solute –solvent interactions of pure and mixed solvents. An appropriate mixed solvent for high quality crystals with well-defined morphology is reported. The absence of solvent molecules and the presence of various functional groups of the grown sample were qualitatively confirmed by FTIR spectroscopic studies. Thermal properties of the grown sample were analyzed by TG and DTA analysis. Mechanical properties of the EDMAB crystal were investigated by micro hardness studies. Moreover, the grown crystal shows high transparency in the visible and near IR regions. The material shows relatively high SHG efficiency than that of KDP.

STUDIES ON ORGANIC PEROXIDE/N, NDI(2-α-METHYL-ACRYLOYLOXY PROPYL)-PARA-TOLUIDINE BINARY SYSTEMS

The polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated by organic peroxide and polymerizable aromatic tertiary amine such as N, N-di (2-α-methylacryloyloxy propyl)-p-toluidine (MP)_2PT binary system has been studied. It was found that the (MP)_2PT promotes MMA polymerization, and the kinetics of MMA polymerization fits the radical polymerization rate equation. Based on the ESR studies and the end-group analysis the initiation mechanism is proposed.

GC-MS法测定水源水中的半挥发性有机物

我国于2002年6月1日实施了地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002),其中集中式生活饮用水地表水源地特定项目中规定了68种有机污染物的监测,包括挥发性有机物(VOCs)和半挥发性有机物(SVOCs),其中半挥发性有机物的类别较多,有硝基苯、氯苯、苯胺、苯酚、有机氯农药、有机磷农药、多环芳烃和多氯联苯等有机污染物,分析方法以气相色谱为主.……

自组织多孔海绵状有机-无机杂化二氧化硅

经由溶胶-凝胶过程,利用硅试剂制备出新颖的多孔海绵状有机-无机杂化二氧化硅.使用冷场发射扫描电镜(FESEM),表征了多种反应条件下样品的形貌.这种杂化二氧化硅海绵体能快速吸收水和有机溶剂,每克能吸收12.2 mL溶剂.

用GC-MS、GC-MS-MS方法检测某些有机质成熟度参数的比较

Tm/Ts,C29甾烷ααα20S/(20S+20R)是判断原油成熟度的重要参数.所以能否准确地检测这些化合物就显得尤为关键和重要.以往我们通常采用GC-MS单极质谱来检测原油和烃原岩抽提物中饱和烃里的萜烷和甾烷成分.……

色谱-质谱分析在有机地球化学研究中的应用

色谱-质谱分析在有机地球化学领域主要用来检测地质体中的生物标志物和分子化合物.生物标志物(biomarkers)指存在地壳和大气圈中,分子结构与特定天然产物之间具有明确联系,或与特定生物类别的分子结构之间具有相关性的天然有机化合物.……

Regulating the Electron-Deficient Component in A-DA1D-A Typed Small-Molecule Acceptors for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells

Fine-tuning of the electron-deficient unit in A-DA1D-A typed small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) plays a crucial role in developing efficient SMAs for organic solar cells (OSCs).Here,we developed a SMA based on benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-b]quinoxaline,designated as QW1,as well as three SMAs based on 1-methylindoline-2,3-dione,identified as QW2,QW3,and QW4.Compared with QW2,QW1 displays slightly blue-shifted absorption spectra and a lower LUMO energy level due to the stronger electron-withdrawing capability of BTQx in contrast to MDO.On the other hand,the introduction of a bromine atom in QW3 and QW4 causes a blue shift in absorption and a reduction in the LUMO energy level compared to QW2.Density functional theory analysis reveals that QW1 exhibits the best molecular planarity,which endows QW1 with larger electron mobility and tighter molecular stacking.Consequently,PM6:QW1 device affords a better efficiency of 15.63% than those of the devices based on QW2 (14.25%),QW3 (13.21%) and QW4 (15.03%).Moreover,the QW4-based device yields the highest open-circuit voltage of 0.933 V,and the PM6:L8-BO:QW4 ternary device realizes a PCE of 19.03%.Overall,our work demonstrates that regulation of electron-deficient central units is an effective strategy to improve the photovoltaic performance of the resulting A-DA1D-A SMAs.

Nitrogen transformation in maize soil after application of different organic manures

The nitrogen transformation in maize soil after application of different organic manure was studied. The nitrogen mineralization in surface soil, NO - 3-N dynamics and distribution in soil profile, and N 2O emission were investigated. Eight treatments were laid out randomizing with three replications in 24 plots: maize plantation without fertilizer(CK1), bare soil without maize plantation and fertilization(CK2), swine manure(S1, S2), poultry manure(P1, P2), and cattle manure(C1, C2). Three manures were applied at two application levels(15 t/hm 2 and 30 t/hm 2). The results indicated that NH + 4-N in surface soil showed the same temporal pattern without much variation among different treatments. But NO - 3-N in the same layer exhibited large temporal pattern in all treatments, which was mainly due to its easy eluviations of NO - 3-N in soil, its transformation to N 2O and the influence of precipitation. The distribution of NO - 3-N in the soil profile during maize growing season showed the leaching tendency from surface soil to subsoil, which was different among the treatments. The poultry treatments showed the largest leaching tendency. The study also revealed that the emissions of N 2O were affected by the application of organic manures in the order of P2>S2>C2>P1>S1>C1>CK1>CK2. All these results showed that organic manure applications significantly affect nitrogen transformation and distribution in maize soil. Considering N 2O emission and NO - 3-N leaching, the management of organic manure in the agriculture needs further studies.

Characterization of Household Solid Waste in the Town of Abomey - Calavi in Benin

Identification of waste characteristics is an important step towards improving waste recovery. The aim of this research was to determine the physical and physico-chemical characteristics of waste of Abomey–Calavi city and to study the relationship between standard of living and average ratio of daily waste generated by each person. In this study the methodology used French standards to characterize particle size and typology of solid waste generated by the population of Calavi City in Benin, West Africa. According to home criteria, the study area was stratified into three distinct levels of standard of living called: high standing, medium standing and low standing;Waste from 60 households was weighed daily. The total waste produced by each household was collected seven (7) days a week, for a period of three weeks. Waste characterization was performed using ratio, size granulometry and typological composition. Physico- Chemical analysis including organic mater, pH, Total Organic Carbon, total Kjeldahl nitrogen and metal trace element were also performed. To better assess waste compostability, water extractable organic matter was quantified and qualitative identification was made with XAD8 and XAD4 resins. Results show that the amount of waste increases with the standard of living;the average ratio of daily waste generated is 0.89 kg day-1 person-1. Independently of the standard of living, fermentable compounds represent the largest proportion of waste materials (45%). Qualitative difference of waste content in organic matter is shown as a function of the population’s living standards. These results could be explained by a higher consumption of meat in the households with a higher standard of living, reflecting a greater proportion of transphilic (TPI), and hydrophilic (HPI) fractions. The C/N ratio is lower in the high standing households than in low ones. Metal trace element analysis showed a low but still significant pollution, whereas high iron and alu minum concentrations were found in all standings. In conclusion we propose a strategy for waste management in Abomey-Calavi based on sorting at the source to eliminate plastic waste and valorization of wastes via composting.

Solid-phase Synthesis of-Haloaldehydes from Polymer-supported 4-(Phenylseleno)morpholine

Polystyrene-supported 4-(phenylseleno)morpholine was synthesized and could be used as an efficient ?selenenylating agent for saturated aldehydes. ?Haloaldehydes were prepared by reaction of polystyrene-supported ?selenoaldehydes with bromine or sulfuryl chloride in good yield and high purity.

Solid-Phase Stereoselective Synthesis of(E)-1,2-Disubstituted Ethenes from Polymer-Sopportedα-Selenoaldehydes

Reaction of polymer-supported a-selenoaldehydes with Grignard reagents afforded polymer-bound B-hydroxyalkyl selenides, which treated with thionyl chloride and triethylamine leading to (E)-1, 2-disubstituted ethenes in good yield.

A NEW POLYMER-BOUND 1,2-DIOL AS A PROTECTING AGENT FOR SYMMETRICAL DIALDEHYDE

A novel polymer-bound 1,2-diol, 3-polystyrylsulfonyl-1,2-propanediol (6) had been prepared by the reaction of sodium polystyrylsulfinate with allyl bromide, followed by oxidation and. hydrolysis or directly with 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, n-tetrabutylammonium iodide. The capacity of resin 6 for terephthaidehyde reached 1.43 mmol/g. The aldehydic groups attached to polymer 6 reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride or reduced by sodium borohydride giving p-formylbenzaldoxime (yield: 89%)and p-formyl-benzalcohol (yield: 734%), respectively. The high yields of these polymer-supported reactions showed that the polymer 6 possessed the effective isolation of its reactive sites.

Induction of Volatile Organic Compounds in Leaves of Lycopersicon Esculentum by Nd^(3+)

The effects of Nd^3＋ on the quality and quantity of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in the leaves of Lycopersicon esculentum were studied. The results demonstrate that Nd^3＋ can increase the total amount of VOC by 75% after treatment for 120 h, as compared with the control. Phyto-oxylipins, terpenoids and aromatic compounds were increased by 73%, 38% and 21%, respectively. （E）-2-hexenal, the most abundant constituent is increased by 74%, β- phellandrene and α-caryophyllene in terpenoids,

Secretory Structures in <i>Flourensia campestris</i>and <i>F. oolepis</i>: Ultrastructure, Distribution, and (-)-Hamanasic Acid A Secretion

In this work, the localization, density, morphology and ultrastructure of secretory structures in aerial organs of Flourensia campestris (FC) and F. oolepis (FO) (Asteraceae) by means of a combination of light, fluorescence, transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were examined. The possible role of secretory structures in the production and secretion of the phytotoxic sesquiterpene (-)-hamanasic acid A ((-)HAA) in both species was also assessed. Capitate glandular trichomes were found in all reproductive organs of FC and FO, and were being reported for the first time. These glandular trichomes, typically associated to edges and veins, were of the same type as those already described for vegetative organs, and were abundant in involucral bracts and corolla of tubulose and ligulate flowers. Their density in reproductive organs of both species was similar (ca. 30/mm2) and lower than that found in leaves (ca. 100/mm2) and stems (ca. 160/mm2 in FC, and up to 650/mm2 in FO). Glandular trichomes in vegetative organs followed a species-specific pattern of distribution. TEM and SEM observations suggest that each species differs in the way in which secretory materials are released to the outside: through cracks or pores in FC, or through a loose cuticle in FO. Similar inspections of the secretory ducts revealed lipophilic vacuoles localized in subepithelial and epithelial cells, in which secretions accumulated before being transferred to the duct. The presence of wall ingrowths in subepithelial cells suggests that granulocrine secretion operates in these species. Secretory ducts varied in density and diameter among the organs in both species, with the combination being maximal in woody stems. (-)HAA was only detected in surface secreted resins of both species, and its concentration (2D-TLC, GC-FID) was intimately associated with the distribution and density of glandular trichomes in each organ (capitula, leaves, and stems with primary or secondary growth). In addition, no (-)HAA was detected internally in the resins collected from secretory ducts. The composition of these resins showed distinctive profiles for FC and FO, and only four from ca. 30 compounds detected (GC/MS) were shared by both species. In addition to the elucidation of ultrastructural traits, distribution and density of secretory structures in aerial organs of FC and FO, present findings suggest a functional role for glandular trichomes in the secretion of the putative phytotoxic allelochemical (-)HAA.

Current Situation and Application in Coal-Generated Hydrocarbons

The characteristics and research methods of terrigenous organic hydrocarbon-generated source rock in coal measures are studied in this thesis. After abundance of organic matters, pyrolysis parameter of rocks and hydrocarbon generated capacity of macerals are basically discussed in coal measures of the Cretaceous Muleng-Chengzihe formation in Suibin depression in Sanjang basin, the hydrocarbon generated grade in coal-genera^ted source rock is ascertained in this depression. At last, we think that it is a main attack prospect in coal-genera^ted hydrocarbons study in the future to research the macerals of coal measures organic source rock and to build a criterion to classify the coal-generated hydrocarbons in Northeast region.

Nucleation and epitaxy growth of high-entropy REBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-δ)(RE=Y,Dy,Gd,Sm,Eu)thin films by metal organic deposition

High-entropy REBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-δ)(RE=Y_(0.7)+Dy_(0.2)+Gd_(0.2)+Sm_(0.2)+Eu_(0.2))(HE-REBCO) superconducting films doped with multiple rare earth elements were successfully fabricated with thickness up to 800 nm by a trifluoroacetate-metal organic deposition(TFA-MOD).The enhanced entropy change ΔS of the HEREBCO system promotes the c-axis growth of REBCO thin film in the competition with a/b-axis growth.The microstructure and element distribution were investigated by the transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).The results show that HE-REBCO films have a great amount of stacking defects,lattice distortions and various rare earth oxides.Furthermore,the microstrain of HE-REBCO films increases significantly compared to the undoped YBCO and(Y,Dy)BCO films.Finally,the superco nducting critical temperature(T_c^(onset)) of HE-REBCO films is about 93 K,and the in-field properties are significantly improved,especially at the temperature of about 77 K.The maximum pinning force density(F_(p,max)) of the HE-REBCO samples at 77 K is 1.7 times higher than that of the undoped YBCO films.

Molecule-based vertical transistor via intermolecular charge transport throughπ-πstacking

Theπ-πstacking is a well-recognized intermolecular interaction that is responsible for the construction of electron hopping channels in numerous conducting frameworks/aggregates.However,the exact role ofπ-to-πchannels within typical single crystalline organic semiconductors remains unclear as the orientations of these molecules are diverse,and their control usually requires additional side chain groups that misrepresent the intrinsic properties of the original semiconducting molecules.Therefore,the construction of conduction channels with intrinsicπ-πstacking in the molecule-based device is crucial for the utilization of their unique transport characteristics and understanding of the transport mechanism.To this end,we present a molecular intercalation strategy that integrates two-dimensional layered materials with functional organic semiconductor molecules for functional molecule-based electronics.Various organic semiconductor molecules can be effectively intercalated into the van der Waals gaps of semi-metallic TaS_(2) withπ-πstacking configuration and controlled intercalant content.Our results show that the vertical charge transport in the stacking direction shows a tunneling-dominated mechanism that strongly depends on the molecular structures.Furthermore,we demonstrated a new type of molecule-based vertical transistor in which TaS_(2) andπ-πstacked organic molecules function as the electrical contact and the active channel,respectively.On/off ratios as high as 447 are achieved under electrostatic modulation in ionic liquid,comparable to the current state-of-the-art molecular transistors.Our study provides an ideal platform for probing intrinsic charge transport acrossπ-πstacked conjugated molecules and also a feasible approach for the construction of high-performance molecule-based electronic devices.

Manipulating Nanowires in Interconnecting Layer for Efficient Tandem Organic Photovoltaics

Owing to the function of manipulating light absorption distribution,tandem organic solar cells containing multiple sub-cells exhibit high power conversion efficiencies.However,there is a substantial challenge in precisely controlling the inter-subcells carrier migration which determines the balance of charge transport across the entire device.The conductivity of"nanowires"-like conducting channel in interconnecting layer between sub-cells should be improved which calls for fine engineering on the morphology of polyelectrolyte in interconnecting layer.Here,we develop a simple method to effectively manipulating the domains of conductive components in commercially available polyelectrolyte PEDOT:PSs.The use of poor solvent could effectively modify the configuration of polystyrene sulfonic acid and thus the space for conductive components.Based on our strategy,the insulated shells wrapping conductive domains are thinned and the efficiencies of tandem organic solar cells are improved.We believe our method might provide guidance for the manufacture of tandem organic solar cells.

基于后向轨迹模型的成都市典型灰霾期间PM_(2.5)演化的自组织分析

研究了成都市2013年11月29日—12月8日一次重度灰霾期间,草堂寺、金泉两河、梁家巷、十里店4个监测站点PM2.5小时平均质量浓度序列的时间演化规律。首先应用后向轨迹模型对抵达成都市的大气气团进行模拟,结果表明,灰霾期间本地气团(<100 km)对成都市PM2.5污染物的贡献率远超过中远距离的外来气团(>100km)。进一步应用频度统计分析方法和消除趋势波动分析法对灰霾期间PM2.5的质量浓度序列进行了统计分析,发现PM2.5的质量浓度波动在时空上具有标度不变的幂律统计分布和长期持续性特征。最后基于自组织临界理论,探讨了成都市大气在本地气团控制下PM2.5演化的内在动力机制。结果表明,成都市大气PM2.5演化系统的自组织临界性是此次灰霾期间PM2.5浓度演化的内在动力机制。