[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the effects of different concentrations of glycine betaine（GB） on oxidation metabolism in cucumbers under low-temperature stress and to investigate the possible mechanism of l...[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the effects of different concentrations of glycine betaine（GB） on oxidation metabolism in cucumbers under low-temperature stress and to investigate the possible mechanism of low-temperature resistance in cucumber during low-temperature storage. [Method] Cucumber cultivar Zhongnong No.8 was treated with 0, 5, 10 and 15 mmol/L GB solutions for 15 min and stored at 4 ℃. Changes in oxidative metabolism-related parameters were observed. [Result] Increasing exogenous GB concentration could enhance GB content in cucumbers, decline lipoxygenase（LOX） activity, improve peroxidase（POD） and catalase（CAT） activities, remove effectively hydrogen peroxide（H2O2） and reduce the accumulation of malondialdehyde（MDA）. [Conclusion] Treating cucumbers with10 mmol/L GB exhibited the most remarkable effect.展开更多
Background and Aims:Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have emerged as treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in recent years.The significance of serine and glycine metabolism in various cancers is widely ...Background and Aims:Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have emerged as treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in recent years.The significance of serine and glycine metabolism in various cancers is widely acknowledged.This study aims to investigate their correlation with the prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)of HCC.Methods:Based on the public database,different subtypes were identified by cluster analysis,and the prognostic model was constructed through regression analysis.The gene expression omnibus(GEO)data set was used as the validation set to verify the performance of the model.The survival curve evaluated prognostic ability.CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the level of immune cell infiltration,and maftools analyzed the mutations.DsigDB screened small molecule compounds related to prognostic genes.Results:HCC was found to have two distinct subtypes.Subsequently,we constructed a risk score prognostic model through regression analysis based on serine and glycine metabolismrelated genes(SGMGs).A nomogram was constructed based on risk scores and other clinical factors.HCC patients with a higher risk score showed a poor prognosis,and there were significant differences in immune cell infiltration between the high-and low-risk groups.In addition,three potential drugs associated with prognostic genes,streptozocin,norfloxacin,and hydrocotarnine,were identified.Conclusions:This study investigated the expression patterns of SGMGs and their relationship with tumor characteristics,resulting in the development of a novel model for predicting the prognosis of HCC patients.The study provides a reference for clinical prognosis prediction and treatment of HCC patients.展开更多
Serine metabolism is reportedly involved in immune cell functions, but whether and how serine metabolism regulates macrophage polarization remain largely unknown. Here, we show that suppressing serine metabolism, eith...Serine metabolism is reportedly involved in immune cell functions, but whether and how serine metabolism regulates macrophage polarization remain largely unknown. Here, we show that suppressing serine metabolism, either by inhibiting the activity of the key enzyme phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase in the serine biosynthesis pathway or by exogenous serine and glycine restriction, robustly enhances the polarization of interferon-γ-activated macrophages (M(IFN-γ)) but suppresses that of interleukin-4-activated macrophages (M(IL-4)) both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, serine metabolism deficiency increases the expression of IGF1 by reducing the promoter abundance of S-adenosyl methionine-dependent histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation. IGF1 then activates the p38-dependent JAK–STAT1 axis to promote M(IFN-γ) polarization and suppress STAT6-mediated M(IL-4) activation. This study reveals a new mechanism by which serine metabolism orchestrates macrophage polarization and suggests the manipulation of serine metabolism as a therapeutic strategy for macrophage-mediated immune diseases.展开更多
The objective of the study is to evaluate and compare the effects of betaine or glycine on carcass trait,meat quality and lipid metabolism of finishing Huan Jiang mini-pigs.Betaine called trimethylglycine is a methyl ...The objective of the study is to evaluate and compare the effects of betaine or glycine on carcass trait,meat quality and lipid metabolism of finishing Huan Jiang mini-pigs.Betaine called trimethylglycine is a methyl derivative of glycine,but few researches were conducted to compare the impact of dietary betaine and glycine on pigs.One hundred and forty-four Huan Jiang mini-pigs(body weight=10.55±0.15 kg;70 d)were randomly divided to 3 treatment groups(basal diet,glycine or betaine).Results indicated that dietary betaine increased the average daily gain(ADG)and final weight(P<0.05).Dietary glycine or betaine markedly reduced average backfat thickness(P<0.05)and heightened lean percentage(P<0.01)compared to the control group.Moreover,in comparison with the control group,betaine significantly improved the redness(a*)and tenderness(shear force)of the longissimus dorsi(LD)muscle(P<0.05),whereas glycine only raised the value of a*of the LD muscle(P<0.05).These results showed that diet supplemented with 0.25%betaine and equimolar amounts of glycine could regulate cascass trait and meat quality of finishing Huan Jiang mini-pigs,and the effect of betaine was superior to that of glycine.展开更多
Pesticide usage alters plant growth,and development and disturbs native soil microbiome.The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Chlorpyrifos(CP-20%EC)on the growth and development of soybean(Glycin...Pesticide usage alters plant growth,and development and disturbs native soil microbiome.The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Chlorpyrifos(CP-20%EC)on the growth and development of soybean(Glycine max),soil fertility,and soil microbiome.We conducted a pot experiment to assess the impact of different concentrations of chlorpyrifos;recommended dose(RD)and higher dose rates(2×and 4×RD).Chlorpyrifos application significantly altered the growth parameters in soybean(p<0.05).At higher concentrations(2×and 4×RD)shoot length(17.16±1.04;14.33±1.15,p<0.05),root length(3.40±0.36;2.66±0.28,p<0.050),leaf count(6.33±0.57;2.66±0.57;p<0.05)reduced significantly compared to RD and Control groups.Similarly at these concentrations(2×and 4×RD),significant reduction in fresh shoot weight(0.86±0.008;0.66±0.002,p<0.05),dry shoot weight(0.14±0.001;0.13±0.003,p<0.05)and root fresh weight(0.13±0.001;0.09±0.003,p<0.05)and root dry weight(0.030±0.0005,0.037±0.003,p<0.05)was observed compared to the RD and control group.Notably,a significant increase in root and shoot morphometric parameters was observed in RD compared to control(p<0.05).All the physio-chemical properties such as pH(8.51±0.82),moisture content(33.73±0.04),and electrical conductivity(3.44±0.03)were higher in CP-treated soils compared to control.Similarly,nutrient content such as nitrogen,carbon,and hydrogen were significantly reduced in treated soils compared to control.Elemental analysis showed higher concentrations of As,Cd,and Pb in CP-treated soil(8.7 mg/g,0.254 mg/g,and 16.477 mg/g,respectively)compared to untreated soil(8.09 mg/g,0.228 mg/g,and 15.25 mg/g,respectively).We also assessed soil metabolic activity and diversity using Community-level Physiological Profiling(CLPP).CP-treated soil exhibited significantly lesser microbial diversity,with lesser metabolic activity.Metagenomic analysis revealed a shift in bacterial community composition,with Pseudomonadota and Bacteroidota dominating CP-treated soil,while Actinomycetota,Pseudomonadota,and Bacillota were prominent in the control group.Alpha diversity indices indicated higher abundance and species richness in the control sample compared to treatment groups.Functional analysis via PICRUSt2 identified 32 unique sub-classes of biodegrading genes in soil samples,including atzD,tfdA,argB,GLDC,gcvP,glxR,and cpdB.This suggests the potential of soil microbes for xenobiotic degradation,including pesticides.In summary,our study demonstrates that higher CP doses negatively impact soybean growth and alter soil composition,leading to reduced metabolic activity and changes in microbial communities.These findings underscore the importance of considering pesticide dosage and its ecological implications on plants,soil microbiome,and sustainable agriculture.展开更多
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the effects of different concentrations of glycine betaine（GB） on oxidation metabolism in cucumbers under low-temperature stress and to investigate the possible mechanism of low-temperature resistance in cucumber during low-temperature storage. [Method] Cucumber cultivar Zhongnong No.8 was treated with 0, 5, 10 and 15 mmol/L GB solutions for 15 min and stored at 4 ℃. Changes in oxidative metabolism-related parameters were observed. [Result] Increasing exogenous GB concentration could enhance GB content in cucumbers, decline lipoxygenase（LOX） activity, improve peroxidase（POD） and catalase（CAT） activities, remove effectively hydrogen peroxide（H2O2） and reduce the accumulation of malondialdehyde（MDA）. [Conclusion] Treating cucumbers with10 mmol/L GB exhibited the most remarkable effect.
基金supported by Postgraduate Science Foundation Project of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University(No.Y202248712).
文摘Background and Aims:Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have emerged as treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in recent years.The significance of serine and glycine metabolism in various cancers is widely acknowledged.This study aims to investigate their correlation with the prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)of HCC.Methods:Based on the public database,different subtypes were identified by cluster analysis,and the prognostic model was constructed through regression analysis.The gene expression omnibus(GEO)data set was used as the validation set to verify the performance of the model.The survival curve evaluated prognostic ability.CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the level of immune cell infiltration,and maftools analyzed the mutations.DsigDB screened small molecule compounds related to prognostic genes.Results:HCC was found to have two distinct subtypes.Subsequently,we constructed a risk score prognostic model through regression analysis based on serine and glycine metabolismrelated genes(SGMGs).A nomogram was constructed based on risk scores and other clinical factors.HCC patients with a higher risk score showed a poor prognosis,and there were significant differences in immune cell infiltration between the high-and low-risk groups.In addition,three potential drugs associated with prognostic genes,streptozocin,norfloxacin,and hydrocotarnine,were identified.Conclusions:This study investigated the expression patterns of SGMGs and their relationship with tumor characteristics,resulting in the development of a novel model for predicting the prognosis of HCC patients.The study provides a reference for clinical prognosis prediction and treatment of HCC patients.
基金This research was supported by grants from the Tianjin Municipal Natural Science Foundation of China(20JCYBJC00220,QY)from the National Natural Science Foundation of China:81672710(QY),81872239(QY),82073051(TW),81874055(TW),and 81902900(LS).
文摘Serine metabolism is reportedly involved in immune cell functions, but whether and how serine metabolism regulates macrophage polarization remain largely unknown. Here, we show that suppressing serine metabolism, either by inhibiting the activity of the key enzyme phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase in the serine biosynthesis pathway or by exogenous serine and glycine restriction, robustly enhances the polarization of interferon-γ-activated macrophages (M(IFN-γ)) but suppresses that of interleukin-4-activated macrophages (M(IL-4)) both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, serine metabolism deficiency increases the expression of IGF1 by reducing the promoter abundance of S-adenosyl methionine-dependent histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation. IGF1 then activates the p38-dependent JAK–STAT1 axis to promote M(IFN-γ) polarization and suppress STAT6-mediated M(IL-4) activation. This study reveals a new mechanism by which serine metabolism orchestrates macrophage polarization and suggests the manipulation of serine metabolism as a therapeutic strategy for macrophage-mediated immune diseases.
基金the National Key R&D Program(2018YFD0500405)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(31972582,U19A2037)+7 种基金the Changsha Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar(kq2009020)Special funds for the construction of innovative provinces in Hunan Project(2019NK2193,2019RS3022)Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region,Chinese Academy of Sciences(ISA2020203)the‘Strategic Priority Research Program’of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA24030204)the Science and technology projects of Changsha City(kq1801059)Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process(2018TP1031)the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872985)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-35).
文摘The objective of the study is to evaluate and compare the effects of betaine or glycine on carcass trait,meat quality and lipid metabolism of finishing Huan Jiang mini-pigs.Betaine called trimethylglycine is a methyl derivative of glycine,but few researches were conducted to compare the impact of dietary betaine and glycine on pigs.One hundred and forty-four Huan Jiang mini-pigs(body weight=10.55±0.15 kg;70 d)were randomly divided to 3 treatment groups(basal diet,glycine or betaine).Results indicated that dietary betaine increased the average daily gain(ADG)and final weight(P<0.05).Dietary glycine or betaine markedly reduced average backfat thickness(P<0.05)and heightened lean percentage(P<0.01)compared to the control group.Moreover,in comparison with the control group,betaine significantly improved the redness(a*)and tenderness(shear force)of the longissimus dorsi(LD)muscle(P<0.05),whereas glycine only raised the value of a*of the LD muscle(P<0.05).These results showed that diet supplemented with 0.25%betaine and equimolar amounts of glycine could regulate cascass trait and meat quality of finishing Huan Jiang mini-pigs,and the effect of betaine was superior to that of glycine.
基金support obtained through the project grant of(CRG/2021/003696)New Delhi,Govt of India.SK&MM would like to acknowledge the National Research Foundation of South Africa(UID number 129358)for financial support.
文摘Pesticide usage alters plant growth,and development and disturbs native soil microbiome.The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Chlorpyrifos(CP-20%EC)on the growth and development of soybean(Glycine max),soil fertility,and soil microbiome.We conducted a pot experiment to assess the impact of different concentrations of chlorpyrifos;recommended dose(RD)and higher dose rates(2×and 4×RD).Chlorpyrifos application significantly altered the growth parameters in soybean(p<0.05).At higher concentrations(2×and 4×RD)shoot length(17.16±1.04;14.33±1.15,p<0.05),root length(3.40±0.36;2.66±0.28,p<0.050),leaf count(6.33±0.57;2.66±0.57;p<0.05)reduced significantly compared to RD and Control groups.Similarly at these concentrations(2×and 4×RD),significant reduction in fresh shoot weight(0.86±0.008;0.66±0.002,p<0.05),dry shoot weight(0.14±0.001;0.13±0.003,p<0.05)and root fresh weight(0.13±0.001;0.09±0.003,p<0.05)and root dry weight(0.030±0.0005,0.037±0.003,p<0.05)was observed compared to the RD and control group.Notably,a significant increase in root and shoot morphometric parameters was observed in RD compared to control(p<0.05).All the physio-chemical properties such as pH(8.51±0.82),moisture content(33.73±0.04),and electrical conductivity(3.44±0.03)were higher in CP-treated soils compared to control.Similarly,nutrient content such as nitrogen,carbon,and hydrogen were significantly reduced in treated soils compared to control.Elemental analysis showed higher concentrations of As,Cd,and Pb in CP-treated soil(8.7 mg/g,0.254 mg/g,and 16.477 mg/g,respectively)compared to untreated soil(8.09 mg/g,0.228 mg/g,and 15.25 mg/g,respectively).We also assessed soil metabolic activity and diversity using Community-level Physiological Profiling(CLPP).CP-treated soil exhibited significantly lesser microbial diversity,with lesser metabolic activity.Metagenomic analysis revealed a shift in bacterial community composition,with Pseudomonadota and Bacteroidota dominating CP-treated soil,while Actinomycetota,Pseudomonadota,and Bacillota were prominent in the control group.Alpha diversity indices indicated higher abundance and species richness in the control sample compared to treatment groups.Functional analysis via PICRUSt2 identified 32 unique sub-classes of biodegrading genes in soil samples,including atzD,tfdA,argB,GLDC,gcvP,glxR,and cpdB.This suggests the potential of soil microbes for xenobiotic degradation,including pesticides.In summary,our study demonstrates that higher CP doses negatively impact soybean growth and alter soil composition,leading to reduced metabolic activity and changes in microbial communities.These findings underscore the importance of considering pesticide dosage and its ecological implications on plants,soil microbiome,and sustainable agriculture.
