Interplay of serum biomarkers bilirubin andγ-glutamyltranspeptidase in predicting cardiovascular complications in type-2 diabetes mellitus

This editorial synthesizes insights from a series of studies examining the interplay between metabolic and oxidative stress biomarkers in cardiovascular disease(CVD),focusing particularly on type-2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and acute coronary syndrome(ACS).The central piece of this synthesis is a study that investigates the balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant systems in the body through the analysis of serum bilirubin andγ-glutamyltranspeptidase(γ-GGT)levels in T2DM patients with ACS.This study highlights serum bilirubin as a protective antioxidant factor,while elevatedγ-GGT levels indicate increased oxidative stress and correlate with major adverse cardiovascular events.Complementary to this,other research contributions revealγ-GGT’s role as a risk factor in ACS,its association with cardiovascular mortality in broader populations,and its link to metabolic syndrome,further elucidating the metabolic dysregulation in CVDs.The collective findings from these studies underscore the critical roles ofγ-GGT and serum bilirubin in cardiovascular health,especially in the context of T2DM and ACS.By providing a balanced view of the body’s oxidative and antioxidative mechanisms,these insights suggest potential pathways for targeted interventions and improved prognostic assessments in patients with T2DM and ACS.This synthesis not only corroborates the pivotal role ofγ-GGT in cardiovascular pathology but also introduces the protective potential of antioxidants like bilirubin,illuminating the complex interplay between T2DM and heart disease.These studies collectively underscore the critical roles of serum bilirubin andγ-GGT as biomarkers in cardiovascular health,particularly in T2DM and ACS contexts,offering insights into the body’s oxidative and antioxidative mechanisms.This synthesis of research supports the potential of these biomarkers in guiding therapeutic strategies and improving prognostic assessments for patients with T2DM and some CVD.

Serum tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, carbohydrate antigen 72-4, carbohydrate antigen 24-2, ferritin) and gastric cancer prognosis correlation

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a kind of malignant tumor which is prevalent all over the world.Although some progress has been made in the treatment of gastric cancer,its prognosis is still not optimistic,so it is of great significance to find reliable prog-nostic indicators to guide the treatment and management of patients with gastric cancer.AIM To explore the relationship between serum levels of five biomarkers[carcinoem-bryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen(CA)19-9,CA72-4,CA24-2,and ferritin]and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.METHODS This study included 200 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma,and conducted an in-depth analysis of their baseline characteristics,relationship between tumor markers and staging,and prognosis.The study found that CA19-9 has a signi-ficant correlation with tumor stage,the average levels of CA24-2,CEA,CA72-4 and ferritin were slightly increased disregarding the stage of tumor.Survival analysis showed that increases in CEA,CA19-9,CA24-2,and ferritin were all associated with shortened overall survival of patients.Further multivariate ana-lysis revealed that elevated serum CA72-4 levels were an inde-pendent adverse prognostic factor.RESULTS This study reveals that there is a significant correlation between the expression levels of serum tumor markers CEA,CA19-9,CA72-4,CA24-2 and ferritin in patients with gastric cancer and prognosis,and can be used as important indicators for prognostic evaluation of gastric cancer.In particular,markers that appear abnormally elevated initially may help identify gastric cancer patients with poor prognosis.CONCLUSION Serum CEA and CA19-9 play an important role in the prognosis assessment of gastric cancer,and are effective tools to guide clinical practice and optimize individualized treatment strategies for gastric cancer patients.

Clinical Observation of Serum Anti-PLA2R Antibody Levels in the Treatment of Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy with Rituximab

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of rituximab in the treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy with varying levels of serum phospholipase A2 receptor antibodies.Methods:A total of 137 patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy admitted to Beijing Sixth Hospital were selected.Based on their blood PLA2R antibody levels before rituximab treatment,patients were categorized into the PLA2R antibody positive group(n=94)and the PLA2R antibody negative group(n=43).They were followed up for at least 1 year,during which the efficacy,measured through 24-hour urine protein quantification and serum albumin levels,were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Results:After 3 months of treatment,there was no significant difference in the quantitative levels of 24-hour urine protein between the two groups(P>0.05).However,after 6 and 12 months of treatment,there was a significant difference in the levels of 24-hour urine protein between the two groups(P<0.05).Additionally,after 3 months of treatment,there was a notable difference in the serum albumin levels between the two groups(P<0.05).However,after 6 and 12 months of treatment,there was no significant difference in serum albumin levels between the two groups(P>0.05).Analysis of complications in the two groups revealed that in the positive group,9 individuals experienced thrombosis,5 had infections,and 11 developed acute kidney injury(AKI).In contrast,in the negative group,5 individuals had thrombosis,2 had infections,and 3 developed AKI.There was no statistically significant difference in complications between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Serum anti-PLA2R antibody levels provide valuable insights into the clinical observation of rituximab treatment for idiopathic membranous nephropathy.They aid in understanding the disease’s pathogenesis,evaluating treatment efficacy,and predicting disease prognosis.

高通量血液透析对慢性肾衰竭尿毒症患者血清PGI_(2)、MCP-1水平影响

目的:探讨高通量血液透析对慢性肾衰竭尿毒症患者血清PGI_(2)、MCP-1水平的影响。方法:对本院2016年5月至2019年5月收治的慢性肾衰竭尿毒症患者108例,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各54例,对照组给予常规血液透析滤过治疗,观察组给予高通量血液透析。治疗1个月后,比较两组患者的血清PGI_(2)、MCP-1、免疫球蛋白、尿毒症毒素以及肺功能水平,监测不良反应,观察患者症状缓解情况。结果:治疗前两组患者各观察指标均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。治疗1个月后,两组患者MCP-1水平均有所降低,PGI_(2)水平均有所升高,且观察组显著优于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者血清免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM水平均显著升高(P<0.05),且观察组各免疫球蛋白水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者尿毒症毒素β2-MG、PTH水平均显著降低(P<0.05),且观察组患者β2-MG、PTH水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者的肺功能水平均有所好转,且观察组患者显著优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗过程中,观察组不良反应率7.41%,治疗有效率92.59%;对照组不良反应率24.07%,治疗有效率75.93%,观察组的治疗效果明显优于对照组。结论:高通量血液透析治疗慢性肾衰竭尿毒症能够有效提高患者的免疫功能,清除尿毒症毒素,改善肺功能,提高PGI_(2)水平,降低MCP-1水平,治疗效果安全有效,值得临床进一步推广。

2型糖尿病血糖控制中二甲双胍联合门冬胰岛素治疗的作用价值

目的探究二甲双胍与门冬胰岛素联合治疗2型糖尿病(Diabetes Mellitus Type 2,T2DM)对血糖的控制效果。方法选取2021年6月—2023年6月吉林省人民医院收治的100例T2DM患者为研究对象,以投掷硬币法分为参照组(n=50,二甲双胍治疗)、观察组(n=50,二甲双胍与门冬胰岛素联合治疗)。比较两组临床治疗效果、不良反应总发生率、血糖控制情况及血清炎性因子水平。结果观察组治疗总有效率(96.00%)高于参照组(84.00%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.000,P<0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与治疗前相比,两组治疗半年后血糖水平、白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-12水平均降低、白细胞介素-10水平升高,且观察组上述指标优于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论二甲双胍与门冬胰岛素联合治疗T2DM患者时可提高疗效,患者血糖控制情况更佳,血清炎性因子水平也得到明显改善,安全性较高。

2型糖尿病伴干眼症病人血清和泪液分泌型卷曲相关蛋白5、脂肪酸结合蛋白4水平与病情严重程度的相关性

目的分析分泌型卷曲相关蛋白5(SFRP-5)、脂肪酸结合蛋白4(FABP4)在2型糖尿病(T2DM)伴干眼症病人血清和泪液中的表达及其与病情严重程度的相关性。方法选取2020年12月至2021年12月唐山市眼科医院收治的T2DM病人145例,其中单纯T2DM病人84例168眼(T2DM组),伴干眼症病人61例122眼(T2DM伴干眼症组),另选取同期该院体检健康者50例100眼作为对照组。T2DM伴干眼症病人又分为轻度组(29例)、中度组(17例)、重度组(15例)。利用酶联免疫吸附法测定所有受试者血清和泪液中SFRP-5、FABP4水平;相关性分析采用Pearson法或Spearman法;logistic回归分析影响T2DM病人干眼症发生的因素。结果T2DM伴干眼症组、T2DM组血清和泪液SFRP-5水平均低于对照组(106.09±8.37、135.72±9.26比158.34±9.45,28.85±5.13、58.27±6.14比45.18±5.92),T2DM伴干眼症组低于T2DM组(P<0.05);T2DM伴干眼症组、T2DM组血清和泪液FABP4水平均高于对照组(70.63±6.59、58.27±6.14比45.18±5.92,15.91±3.76、10.28±3.58比7.72±3.29),T2DM伴干眼症组高于T2DM组(P<0.05)。重度组、中度组血清和泪液SFRP-5水平(68.29±7.15、95.54±8.34比131.82±9.02,12.83±4.62、24.72±5.49比39.56±5.18)、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、泪液分泌试验(SIT)低于轻度组,重度组低于中度组(P<0.05);重度组、中度组血清和泪液FABP4水平(84.56±6.83、73.18±6.94比61.93±6.27,25.64±4.19、17.15±3.86比10.16±3.47)及眼表疾病指数量表(OSDI)积分高于轻度组,重度组高于中度组(P<0.05)。T2DM伴干眼症病人血清与泪液SFRP-5水平呈正相关,血清与泪液FABP4水平也呈正相关(P<0.05)。T2DM伴干眼症病人血清和泪液SFRP-5水平与OSDI积分均呈负相关,与BUT、SIT均呈正相关(P<0.05);血清和泪液FABP4水平与OSDI积分均呈正相关,与BUT、SIT均呈负相关(P<0.05)。血清和泪液SFRP-5水平是影响T2DM病人干眼症发生的独立保护因素,而血清和泪液FABP4水平是独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论SFRP-5在T2DM伴干眼症病人血清和泪液中均低表达,FABP4均高表达,二者与病情严重程度密切相关。

青海地区2型糖尿病患者血清胱抑素C及尿酸水平与骨密度的相关性分析

目的探究青海地区2型糖尿病(T_(2)DM)患者血清胱抑素C及尿酸水平与骨密度的相关性。方法选取2023年1—12月在青海省人民医院内分泌科就诊的T_(2)DM患者141例。根据骨质疏松症的诊断标准将患者分为骨量正常组(56例)、骨量减少组(53例)和骨质疏松组(32例),收集患者的一般资料,测定血清胱抑素C、尿酸等生化指标及骨密度数据,分析相关指标与骨密度的相关性。结果3组性别分布、年龄及25-羟维生素D、胱抑素C、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。将单因素分析差异有统计学意义的变量作为自变量纳入多因素有序Logistic回归分析模型,分析结果显示,年龄、胱抑素C是T_(2)DM患者骨量减少及骨质疏松的危险因素,而男性、25-羟维生素D是其保护因素(比值比=0.434、0.922、1.100、3.555,均P<0.05)。结论高水平血清胱抑素C、女性、高龄、低水平25-羟维生素D可能是青海地区T_(2)DM患者骨量减少及骨质疏松症的危险因素,血尿酸水平与T_(2)DM患者骨密度变化无显著相关性。

2型糖尿病患者血尿酸水平与人体成分测量指标的相关性

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血尿酸水平与人体成分测量指标的相关性。方法 纳入2021年6月至2022年5月在郑州大学第一附属医院老年内分泌科住院、无心肝肾等器官严重功能障碍且临床资料完整的305例T2DM患者,其中男207例,女98例;收集患者一般资料及检验检查结果,根据血尿酸水平分为A组(180~300μmol·L~(-1))和B组(≥300μmol·L~(-1)),对比两组的临床资料,采用非条件logistic回归模型进行影响因素分析。结果 两组性别、空腹C肽、尿素氮、肌酐、甘油三酯、糖化血红蛋白差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。按照性别分层比较人体成分指标显示在男性和女性中,血尿酸水平和绝大多数身体成分指标呈正相关(P<0.05);男性两组间体重指数(BMI)、全身含水量(TBW)、蛋白、矿物质、身体总水分与蛋白质质量之和(SLM)、去脂体重(FFM)、骨骼肌肌肉量(SMM)、基础代谢率(BMR)、肥胖度、身体细胞量(BCM)、骨矿物质含量(BMC)、去脂体重指数(FFMI)、骨骼肌指数(SMI)、内脏脂肪指数(VFL)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),B组均高于A组;女性两组间BMI、体脂肪量(BFM)、体脂率(PBF)、inbody评分、腰臀比(WHR)、内脏脂肪面积(VFA)、肥胖度、臂围(AC)、手臂肌肉周长(AMC)、脂肪质量指数(FMI)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),A组inbody评分高于B组,余指标均为B组高于A组。logistic回归分析提示SMI(OR=9.435,95%CI:2.629~33.867)和VFL(OR=2.527,95%CI:1.097~5.819)是男性T2DM患者血尿酸偏高的危险因素,BMI(OR=0.816,95%CI:0.678~0.981)和BCM(OR=0.847,95%CI:0.721~0.995)则是保护因素;BFM(OR=1.084,95%CI:1.014~1.158)是女性T2DM患者血尿酸偏高的危险因素。结论 男性较高的SMI、VFL和女性较高的BFM会增加T2DM血尿酸升高发生风险,男性较高的BMI和BCM则减少T2DM高尿酸血症的发生风险。

老年2型糖尿病患者血清同型半胱氨酸、血清淀粉样蛋白A、S100β水平与颈动脉斑块稳定性的关系

目的探讨老年2型糖尿病患者血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)、S100β水平与颈动脉斑块稳定性的关系。方法选取2021年6月至2023年6月德阳市人民医院收治的186例老年2型糖尿病患者为病例组,同期体检的186例健康者为对照组,根据斑块情况将病例组患者分为不稳定斑块组57例,稳定斑块组32例,无斑块组97例。回顾性分析受试者血清Hcy、SAA、S100β水平及不稳定斑块组、稳定斑块组、无斑块组的临床资料。采用Spearman法分析老年2型糖尿病患者血清Hcy、SAA、S100β水平与颈动脉斑块稳定性的相关性,Logistic回归模型分析老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉斑块稳定性的影响因素,ROC曲线分析Hcy、SAA、S100β评估老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉不稳定斑块的效能。结果病例组患者血清Hcy、SAA、S100β水平高于对照组(t=28.737、40.946、57.982,P<0.05);不稳定斑块组、稳定斑块组、无斑块组三组间糖尿病病程、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、Hcy、SAA、S100β差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);老年2型糖尿病患者血清Hcy、SAA、S100β水平均与颈动脉斑块的不稳定性呈正相关(r=0.802、0.669、0.745,P<0.01);糖尿病病程、糖化血红蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、Hcy、SAA、S100β是老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉不稳定斑块的危险因素(OR=1.384、1.582、2.147、2.560、2.309、3.728,P<0.05);Hcy、SAA、S100β均可评估老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉不稳定斑块,三项联合评估的效能优于单项评估(Z=2.217、1.995、1.986,P<0.05)。结论老年2型糖尿病患者血清Hcy、SAA、S100β水平与颈动脉斑块稳定性相关,三项联合评估颈动脉不稳定斑块的效能优于单项评估。

miRNA调控claudin-2表达对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠巨噬细胞极化的机制

目的探讨微小核糖核酸(MicroRNA,miRNA)通过封闭蛋白2(Recombinant,claudin-2)表达变化对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠的保护作用及对巨噬细胞极化的调控。方法选取BALB/c雌性小鼠按照体重随机分成对照组、模型组以及上调组和下调组,每组15只。对4组小鼠溃疡性结肠组织进行HE染色,观察分析小鼠溃疡性结肠炎评分情况、炎性因子、免疫细胞、巨噬细胞、claudin-2表达。结果与对照组比较,模型组、上调组、下调组miRNA表达升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,上调组miRNA表达降低、下调组升高(P<0.05);与上调组比较,下调组miRNA表达升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,上调miRNA第3 d、5 d、7 d的溃疡性结肠炎模型小鼠明显降低、下调组升高;与上调组比较,下调组miRNA表达升高(P<0.05);与对照组比较,模型组、上调组、下调组T淋巴细胞的糖蛋白(CD4^(+))、白细胞分化抗原(CD8^(+))水平升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,上调组CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)水平降低,下调组升高(P<0.05);与上调组比较,下调组CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)水平升高(P<0.05);与对照组比较,模型组、上调组、下调组肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-8(IL-8)水平升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,上调组TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平降低(P<0.05);与上调组比较,下调组升高(P<0.05);与对照组比较,模型组、上调组、下调组诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)水平升高,巨噬细胞甘露糖受体(CD206)降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,上调组iNOS水平降低、CD206水平升高,下调组iNOS水平升高、CD206水平降低(P<0.05);与上调组比较,下调组iNOS升高、CD206降低(P<0.05);与对照组比较,模型组、上调组、下调组claudin-2蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,上调组claudin-2蛋白表达降低、下调组claudin-2蛋白表达升高(P<0.05)。结论上调溃疡性结肠炎小鼠miRNA能够调节巨噬细胞极化,从而改善溃疡性结肠炎小鼠。

低剂量CT结合SHOX2、RASSF1A甲基化在肺癌早期预警中的应用

目的探讨低剂量CT结合Ras相关区域家族蛋白1A(RASSF1A)、矮小同源盒基因2(SHOX2)甲基化在肺癌早期预测中的应用价值。方法选取2021年1月~2023年1月我院90例拟行肺结节手术患者,根据手术病理学分为肺良性结节组和肺癌组。2组均于术前行低剂量CT检查、SHOX2、RASSF1A甲基化检测,采用Kappa指数分析上述检查结果与手术病理学一致性,分析低剂量CT、SHOX2、RASSF1A甲基化与血清肿瘤标志物[癌胚抗原(CEA)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC-Ag)、细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21)]对肺癌诊断效能,采用Spearman低剂量CT检查、SHOX2、RASSF1A甲基化与临床病理特征相关性。结果低剂量CT、SHOX2、RASSF1甲基化及三者联合分别确定40例、43例、46例、58例肺癌,三者联合与手术病理学诊断肺癌效能一致性Kappa值为0.951;三者联合诊断肺癌敏感度96.67%、准确度97.78%均高于三者单一诊断效能(P<0.05);肺癌患者血清CEA、SCC、NSE、CYFRA21水平均高于肺良性结节患者(P<0.05);低剂量CT联合SHOX2、RASSF1甲基化诊断肺癌效能的AUC为0.983,近似于四种血清肿瘤标志物诊断肺癌效能的AUC 0.933;不同肿瘤直径、临床分期、组织学分化肺癌患者低剂量CT检出率及SHOX2、RASSF1A甲基化阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肺癌患者低剂量CT检出率、SHOX2及RASSF1A甲基化阳性率与肿瘤直径、临床分期呈正相关,与组织学分化呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论低剂量CT联合SHOX2及RASSF1A甲基化可用于肺癌早期预警中,临床可通过其进行早期诊断、评估病情进展程度,以针对性展开后续治疗,改善预后。

Serum proteins in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with peginterferon alfa-2b

AIM: To study the differential protein profile in serum of hepatitis B patients.METHODS: Serum samples were obtained from patients with chronic hepatitis B who were receiving peginterferon alfa-2b.The serum samples were subjected to albumin depletion and analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis(2-DE).Differentially expressed protein spots were identified by electrospray ionizationquadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Alpha2-HS-glycoprotein,complement component C3c and CD5 antigen were further analyzed by an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay and immunonephelometry.RESULTS: Nineteen patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B(CHB) were studied.These patients were followed for at least 1 year after treatment and were classified according to their treatment response: responders(n = 9) and non-responders(n = 10).2-DE and MS/MS analysis were performed to compare the serum proteins before initiating peginterferon alfa2b.From the quantitative analysis of the 2-D gel,7 proteins were detected between the two groups at different levels before treatment.Among these potential candidates,serum levels of alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein,complement component C3c and CD5 antigen-like precursor were further analyzed.In the validation phase,23 subjects,9 sustained responders and 14 nonresponders,were recruited.Interestingly,the levels of alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein and complement component C3c were elevated in the serum of the non-responders compared to the responders.CONCLUSION: Serum alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein and complement component C3c may be potential serum biomarkers in predicting the treatment response of peginterferon alfa-2b in patients with CHB prior to treatment.

Increased serum levels of soluble CD146 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration

AIM: To investigate serum levels of soluble CD146(s CD146) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR2) in patients with age-related macular degeneration(AMD). METHODS: Eighty-eight patients with exudative AMD and 45 sex-and age-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study conducted in China. Serum samples was obtained from the patients with exudative AMD and from the controls. Serum sCD146 and VEGFR2 protein levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS: We found that serum sCD146 and VEGFR2 protein levels were significantly higher in the patients with exudative AMD group than in the controls(t=3.859, P<0.001 and t=3.829, P<0.001, respectively). Serum sCD146 levels were significantly higher in patients with classic choroidal neovascularization(CNV) than in those with occult CNV(t=9.899, P<0.001). There was a significant difference in the trend for exudative AMD in the highest versus lowest quartile of circulating sCD146 levels(χ2=10.29, P=0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve was 0.696 for s CD146(95%CI: 0.601-0.791) with an optimum diagnostic cut-off value of 157.16 ng/mL, a sensitivity of 55.7%, and a specificity of 82.2%.CONCLUSION: The serum sCD146 level increases and may be a biomarker for exudative AMD.

Keratinocyte growth factor-2 and autologous serum potentiate the regenerative effect of mesenchymal stem cells in cornea damage in rats

AIM:To investigate the healing process after severe corneal epithelial damage in rats treated with mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)cultured with or without keratinocyte growth factor(KGF-2)and autologous serum(AS)on amniotic membrane(AM).Many patients are blind and devastated by severe ocular surface diseases due to limbal stem cell deficiency.Bone marrow-derived MSCs are potential sources for cellbased tissue engineering to repair or replace the corneal tissue,having the potential to differentiate to epithelial cells.METHODS:The study included 5 groups each including 10 female'Sprague Dawley'rats in addition to20 male rats used as bone marrow donors.Group I rats received AM+MSCs,Group II rats AM+MSCs cultured with KGF-2,Group III rats AM+MSCs cultured with KGF-2+AS,Group IV rats only AM and Group V rats,none.AS was derived from blood drawn from male rats and bone marrow was obtained from the femur and tibia bones of the same animals.Therapeutic effect was evaluated with clinical,histopathological and immunohistochemical assessment.MSC engraftment was demonstrated via detection of donor genotype(Y+)in the recipient tissue(X)with polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS:Corneal healing was significantly better in Groups I-III rats treated with MSC transplantation compared to Group IV and Group V rats with supportive treatment only.The best results were obtained in Group III rats with 90%transparency,70%lack of neovascularization,and 100%epithelium damage limited to less than 1/4 of cornea.CONCLUSION:We suggest that culture of MSCs with KGF-2 and AS on AM is effective in corneal repair in case of irreversible damage to limbal stem cells.

CORRELATION BETWEEN SERUM HER-2 ONCOPROTEIN AND PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER

To detect serum HER-2 oncoprotein levels in patients with operable and metastatic breast cancers, and to study the correlations between serum HER-2 level and lymph node status as well as other clinical parameters. Methods A total of 120 women were studied consisting of 10 healthy volunteers, 31 benign breast disease, 53 operable breast cancer, and 26 metastatic breast cancer patients. The levels of serum HER-2 were measured using an enzyme-liked im-munosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The mean serum HER-2 levels were 9.6 ± 1.5 ng/mL in healthy volunteers, 11.9 ± 1.6 ng/mL in benign breast disease, 13.2 ± 4.2 ng/mL in operable breast cancer, and 30.5 ± 30.8 ng/mL in metastatic breast cancer patients. The former is much lower than the latter three (P = 0.02, 0.001, 0.03, respectively). If using 15 ng/mL as a normal baseline, elevated serum HER-2 levels were observed in none of the healthy volunteers as well as patients with benign disease, but in 18.9% (10/53) operable breast cancer patients and 61.5% (16/26) metastatic patients. In patients with operable breast cancer, there was a positive correlation between serum concentrations of HER-2 and the size of primary tumor (P < 0.05), whereas there was no correlation between serum concentration and axillary lymph node or estrogen receptor status. In patients with metastatic dise-ase, there was no correlation with site of metastases (P > 0.05). Conclusion Serum HER-2 level was strongly correlated with tumor loads and clinical stages, thus acting as a promising predictor of cancer recurrence in breast cancer patients.

Serum M2-pyruvate kinase: A promising non-invasive biomarker for colorectal cancer mass screening

AIM: To explore the value of serum M2-pyruvate kinase (M2-PK) in colorectal cancer (CRC) mass screening. METHODS: We conducted a molecular epidemiology study in Hangzhou, China, from year 2006 to year 2008. Serum samples were collected from 93 CRC, 41 advanced adenomas, 137 adenomas, 47 non-adenomatous polyps, and 158 normal participants in a community setting. Serum M2-PK and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. SPSS 16.0 software was used to perform data analysis. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificities were estimated for serum M2-PK in diagnosis of colorectal lesions and compared with CEA. RESULTS: Average serum M2-PK value among 158 normal people was 2.96 U/mL and not affected by gender (P = 0.47) or age (P = 0.59). Average serum M2-PK (U/mL) was 14.75 among stage III and 13.10 among stage?I?and II CRC patients, about 4 times higher than that among normal people. Average serum M2-PK was 8.58, 6.70, 5.13 and 2.51 U/mL among advanced adenoma, adenomas, non-adenomatous polyps, and inflammatory bowel disease patients, respectively. AUC for serum M2-PK was greater than that for CEA among all colorectal lesions. AUC for serum M2-PK was 0.89 (0.84, 0.94) (95% confidence interval), higher than that for CEA [0.70 (0.62-0.79)] in CRC stage?I?and II, 0.89 (0.84-0.94) vs 0.73 (0.63-0.83) in CRC stage III, 0.81 (0.74-0.86) vs 0.63 (0.53 - 0.73) in advanced adenomas, 0.69 (0.64-0.76) vs 0.54 (0.47-0.60) in adenomas, and 0.69 (0.62-0.78) vs 0.58 (0.48-0.68) in non-adenomatous polyps. The diagnostic sensitivity for all colorectal lesions increased with decrease in the cut-off value of serum M2-PK. The diagnostic sensitivity (%) of serum M2-PK was 100.00 for CRC, 95.12 advanced adenoma, 82.48 adenoma, and 82.98 non-adenomatous polyp. There were no CRC cases missed and 40.51% of unnecessary colonoscopies were avoided when the cut-off value was 2.00 U/mL. CONCLUSION: Serum M2-PK can be used as a primary screening test in CRC mass screening. It may be a promising non-invasive biomarker for CRC early detection.

Serum HER2 as a predictive biomarker for tissue HER2 status and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer

AIM To investigate the association between serum human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) extracellular domain(ECD) and tissue HER2 status, and the prognostic value of serum HER2 ECD in patients with gastric cancer.METHODS A total of 239 patients with gastric cancer were enrolled from December 2012 to June 2013. Serum HER2 ECD was determined by chemiluminescent assay, and tissue HER2 status was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization assay. A receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was plotted to identify the optimal cut-off value for serum HER2 ECD assay for predicting survival in gastric cancer patients.RESULTS Serum HER2 ECD was significantly correlated with tissue HER2 status(P < 0.001), tumor size(P < 0.001), and intestinal type of gastric cancer(P =0.021). Serum HER2 ECD levels differed significantly between patients with HER2-positive tissue expression and those with HER2-negative tissue expression. ROC analysis yielded an area under the curve value of 0.79(95%CI: 0.71-0.87, P < 0.001), with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.54(95%CI: 0.37-0.70) and 0.93(95%CI: 0.88-0.96), respectively. With a cut-off value of 24.75 ng/m L, high serum HER2 ECD had a negative impact on overall survival of the patients(HR: 1.93, 95%CI: 1.32-4.38, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION Serum HER2 ECD could be a highly specific surrogate biomarker for tissue HER2 status in gastric cancer. Optimal cut-off criteria for predicting survival should be established.

梅毒血清固定患者中NOD样受体蛋白3和Toll样受体4表达与Th1/Th2相关细胞因子的相关性研究

目的探究梅毒血清固定患者中NOD样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)表达与辅助性T细胞1/辅助性T细胞2(Th1/Th2)相关细胞因子的相关性。方法选取2021年2月至2022年4月川北医学院附属三台医院收治的197例梅毒患者作为研究对象。将进行驱梅治疗后血清转阴者纳入转阴组(n=88),未进行驱梅治疗者纳入梅毒组(n=45),接受驱梅治疗后血清固定者纳入固定组(n=64)。另选取同期进行体检的健康人作为对照组(n=53)。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)中NLRP3、TLR4 mRNA相对表达水平;采用酶联免疫吸附试验法检测Th1/Th2相关细胞因子的表达水平;采用Pearson法分析TLR4、NLRP3 mRNA与Th1/Th2相关细胞因子的相关性。结果各组PBMCs中TLR4、NLRP3 mRNA表达水平比较,梅毒组>转阴组>对照组>固定组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);各组白介素(IL)-2、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)水平比较,对照组>转阴组>梅毒组>固定组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);各组IL-1β、IL-4、IL-10及IL-18水平比较,对照组<转阴组<梅毒组<固定组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);梅毒血清固定患者TLR4、NLRP3 mRNA表达与IFN-γ、IL-2呈正相关,与IL-1β、IL-4、IL-10、IL-18呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论梅毒血清固定患者NLRP3、TLR4 mRNA表达水平显著降低,且与Th1/Th2相关细胞因子密切相关。

Clinical significance of serum biochemistry changes in mice with targeted disruption of βB2-crystallin gene

AIM: To explore the pathogenesis, influencing factors, ways of medical intervention and evaluation indicators of cataract by observing changes in serum biochemical indices in mice with targeted disruption of βB2-crystallin. · METHODS: Nine 6-week-old male mice with targeted knockout of βB2-crystallin were used as the study group, and nine age- and sex-matched normal wild-type mice as the control group. The genetype of the modeled mice was identified by PCR technique. Tropicamide and phenylephrine eye drops were used as the cycloplegic agents to observe changes in lens opacity with a slit-lamp. The lens was then removed and blood was collected for biochemical evaluation in the serum. · RESULTS: Two genotypes were successfully identified by PCR technique. Slit-lamp observation showed that the lens cortex was opaque and GSH level in the lens cortex was remarkably decreased in mice with βB2-crystallin deficiency compared with the control group (P <0.01). Serum Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Fe2+ levels, ALT and AST activities, and TP, ALP, Cr, TC, GLU content were decreased significantly compared with the control group (P <0.05). There was no difference in LDH, P, Cu2+, K+ levels between the two groups (P >0.05). · CONCLUSION: Compared with the wild-type mice, serum biochemical indices underwent significant changes in mice with targeted disruption of βB2-crystallin gene, especially with abnormal distribution of Na+&Ca2+, which induced the formation of cataract.

Sonocatalytic Damage of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) in the Presence of Nanometer Titanium Dioxide (TiO_2) Catalyst

The sonocatalytic damage of bovine serum albumin （BSA） was studied in the presence of nanometer titanium dioxide （TiO2） powders by low frequency （80 kHz） ultrasound. The destruction of secondary structure and change of α-helical structure of BSA were reflected by ultraviolet （UV） and circular dichroism （CD） spectroscopies.