Tenofovir alafenamide significantly increased serum lipid levels compared with entecavir therapy in chronic hepatitis B virus patients

BACKGROUND Tenofovir alafenamide(TAF)has a serum lipid-raising effect in patients with HIV;however,its effect on serum lipids and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)risk in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)is unclear.AIM To compare the effects of TAF and entecavir(ETV)on serum lipid levels in patients with CHB.METHODS In this retrospective cohort study,the data including the clinical features,serum lipids,and metabolic factors of patients with CHB at baseline and approximately 1 year after TAF or ETV treatment were collected and analyzed.We used propensity score-matched models to assess the effects on high-density lipoprotein,lowdensity lipoprotein,triglycerides,and total cholesterol(TCHO).RESULTS A total of 336 patients(75.60%male)were included;63.69%received TAF and 36.31%received ETV.Compared with the ETV group,the TAF group had significantly higher TCHO levels after treatment(4.67±0.90 vs 4.36±1.05,P=0.006).In a propensity score-matched model for body mass index,age,sex,smoking,drinking,presence of comorbidities such as NAFLD,cirrhosis,diabetes mellitus,and hypertension,TAF-treated patients had significantly increased TCHO levels compared to that at baseline(P=0.019).There was no difference for the ETV group.Body mass index,sex,hypertension,baseline TCHO,and creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels were significantly associated with elevated TCHO levels in logistic regression analysis.However,1-year TAF treatment did not increase the incidence of NAFLD.CONCLUSION A greater increase in TCHO was observed in patients with CHB receiving TAF compared to those receiving ETV.However,TAF-induced dyslipidemia did not increase the incidence of NAFLD.

Retinal thickness and fundus blood flow density changes in chest pain subjects with dyslipidemia

AIM:To assess the retinal thickness and fundus blood flow density changes in chest pain patients with dyslipidemia using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).METHODS:All subjects with chest pain as the main symptom accepted a comprehensive ophthalmological examination.According to the serum lipid levels,the participants were divided into the control group and the dyslipidemia group.The retina thickness and fundus blood flow density were determined using OCTA.RESULTS:The study enrolled 87 left eyes from 87 adults with dyslipidemia and 87 left eyes from age-and sexmatched participants without dyslipidemia.The retina of dyslipidemia subjects was significantly thinner than that of the controls in the inferior(P=0.004 and P=0.014,respectively)and temporal(P=0.015 and P=0.019,respectively)regions,both inner and outer layers.In terms of blood flow density in the macula or optic disk,there was a decreasing trend in the dyslipidemia group compared with the control group,especially in the inferior and temporal regions.CONCLUSION:Dyslipidemia may contribute to the decrease in retinal thickness and fundus blood flow density.Further validation of the association between abnormal lipid metabolism and fundus microcirculation alterations needs to be carried out in chest pain patients.

Altered Levels of Blood Glucose and Serum Lipids in Sudanese Patients with Ovarian Cancer

Background: The etiology of ovarian cancer is not well-understood;numerous metabolomics profiling, epidemiological, and hospital-based case control studies have associated abnormal levels of blood glucose and serum lipids with the risk and the prognosis of various types of cancers including ovarian cancer. The association between the risk of the incidence of ovarian cancer and the alterations in the levels of blood glucose and serum lipids is not well defined. Objective: In this study we aimed to compare the levels of blood glucose, triacylglycerols, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with different stages of ovarian cancer and healthy controls to determine how they relate to the risk and prognosis of ovarian cancer. Methodology: In a case-control cross sectional study, we enrolled ninety-nine Sudanese women, diagnosed with ovarian cancer but had not received any kind of treatment as the study group, and a control group of forty-one age-matched, apparently healthy women. The patients were classified according to the International Federation of Obstetricians and Gynecologists staging system into two groups: early stages (stage I & II) and late stages (stages III & IV). Blood glucose and serum lipids;triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined by enzymatic colorimetric methods using commercially available analytical kits. The IBM SPSS version 20 software was used for statistical analysis. A Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of the median concentrations of blood glucose, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the study groups. Logistic regression model was used to estimate the relative risk of ovarian cancer in relation to levels of blood glucose and serum lipids. P value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Our data indicated significantly higher levels of blood glucose (p < 0.001), triacylglycerols (p = 0.002), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.001), and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.023), in ovarian cancer patients compared to the control subjects. No significant difference was found in the levels of blood glucose or any of the serum lipids between patients in the early stages (stage I & II) and those in late stages (stage III & IV) of ovarian cancer. The logistic regression analysis indicated significant association between the elevated levels of the blood glucose, triacylglycerols and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the risk of the ovarian cancer. Conclusion: We conclude that the levels of blood glucose, triacylglycerols, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol differ significantly between ovarian cancer patients and the healthy control subjects. The risk of ovarian cancer was positively associated with the levels of blood glucose, triacylglycerols and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and negatively associated with levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Therefore, determination of blood glucose and serum lipids, particularly, triacylglycerols, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol may be helpful as diagnostic indicators of ovarian cancer (OC).

Cross-Sectional Height-Specific Changes in Serum Lipid Concentrations in Cameroon Children

Background: Information on the relationship between height and changes in serum lipids in children is scarce in Cameroon. The aim of this study is to determine prevalence of dyslipidemia with respect to age and gender and assess the association between height increase and serum lipid changes in Cameroon children. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional analysis included 472 boys and 534 girls between the ages of 5 and 16 years. Body height, weight, and waist circumference (WC) of children were measured and z-scores calculated. Total cholesterol-TC, triglycerides-TG, low density lipoprotein cholesterol-LDL-C and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-HDL-C concentrations in fasting blood samples were determined by enzymatic method using an automated clinical chemistry analyzer (RX Monaco, UK). Children were divided into increasing quartiles of height z-score. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to compare mean lipid concentrations across quartiles of height z-score after controlling for age, gender, body weight, WC and fasting blood glucose. Results: The prevalence of elevated TC and LDL-C were respectively 18.5% and 19.2% higher in girls than boys. Also, the prevalence of elevated TC and TG was highest among younger (5- to 9-year-old) girls and boys respectively. There was a significant decrease in mean TC (168.8 to 127.2 mg/dl;p p = 0.019) and LDL-C (91.1 to 69.4 mg/dl;p = 0.018) in boys;and a significant decrease in mean TC (171.2 to 144.7 mg/dl;p = 0.004) and HDL-C (62.8 to 28.7 mg/dl;p p = 0.053) and the decrease in TG (p = 0.211) and LDL-C (p = 0.732) in girls with increasing height were not significant. Conclusion: Serum lipids decreased with increasing height after controlling for different variables. This study indicates that short children have higher serum lipid concentrations and this may increase the risk of lipid disorders, which may persist into adulthood.

Chaiqin Chengqi Decoction as an adjuvant treatment for mild/moderately severe hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis: A retrospective study

Hypertriglyceridemia is the third leading cause of acute pancreatitis(AP),and its incidence is increasing.Due to its relatively insidious etiology,it is easy to be ignored in the early stages.In China,Chaiqin Chengqi Decoction(CQCQD)has long been employed for treating AP.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of CQCQD in patients diagnosed with mild/moderately severe hypertriglyceridemic AP(HTG-AP).METHODS In this study,the clinical data of 39 patients with HTG-AP admitted from January 2019 to November 2022 were collected.The changes of blood lipids,gastrointestinal symptoms,and abdominal pain before and after treatment were analyzed and compared between the two groups.RESULTS Twenty patients were treated with the conventional HTG-AP regimen,and 19 patients were additionally treated with CQCQD.After receiving treatment,the triglycerides(TG)level of the CQCQD group was lower than that of the CQCQD group(3.14±0.25 mmol/L vs 4.96±0.47 mmol/L,P<0.01).After 3 d of treatment,the patients in the CQCQD group had more bowel movements than the control group(2.51±0.25 times vs 1.00±0.17 times,P=0.01).The gastrointestinal function of most patients returned to normal,and the acute gastrointestinal injury score was significantly lower than that of the control group(0.11±0.07 vs 0.42±0.11,P<0.01).CONCLUSION In patients with HTG-AP,CQCQD can significantly reduce the TG level,shorten the recovery time of defecation,significantly improve the gastrointestinal function.

Review on article of effects of tenofovir alafenamide and entecavir in chronic hepatitis B virus patients

This letter comments on the article which reported that tenofovir alafenamide may increase blood lipid levels compared with entecavir in patients with chronic hepatitis B published on World J Hepatol 2023 August 27.We review the related research content,topic selection,methodology,conclusions,strengths and weaknesses of this article.And evaluate it in relation to other published relevant articles.

Serum 25(OH)D and Lipid Levels in Chinese Obese and Normal Weight Males before and after Oral Vitamin D Supplementation

Objective To study the effect of oral vitamin D （VD） supplementation on VD status and serum lipid in Chinese obese and healthy normal-weight men. Methods Twenty-one obese men with their body mass index （BMI）〉28 kg/m2 served as an obese group and 22 healthy normal-weight men with their BMI〈24 kg/m2 served as a control group in this study. After they were given 50 000 IU of oral VD, once a week for 8 weeks, the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25（OH）D] concentration was measured with an enzyme-immunoassay kit. Results After oral VD supplementation, the serum 25（OH）D concentration significantly increased from 46.1＋9.1 nmol/L to 116.7_＋20.3 nmol/L in the obese subjects （P〈O.01） and from 52.8_＋17.8 nmol/L to 181.3_＋30.2 nmol/L in the control ones （P=0.13）. The serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） level was reduced within the normal reference range in the obese group. However, no significant change was observed in the level of other serum lipids （triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol） in either of the two groups. Conclusion The effect of high-dose oral VD supplementation is weaker on VD status in the obese group than in the control group. High-dose oral VD supplementation has no side effect on serum lipid level in obese and control groups.

Body mass index and serum lipid profile influence serum prostate-specific antigen in Chinese men younger than 50 years of age

This study is to assess the potential factors that could affect the serum prostate-specific antigen （PSA） level in healthy younger men. We evaluated the associations of age, body mass index （BMI） and serum lipid profile with serum PSA level in 6774 Chinese men （aged 20-49 years） who received a routine health examination. Eligible men were classified into 10-year age groups, BMI was categorized as underweight （〈18.5）, normal （18.5-22.9）, overweight （23.0-24.9）, obese （25.0-29,9） and very obese （〉30） according to the redefined World Health Organization （WHO） criteria for the Asia-Pacific region. PSA levels were compared among groups as well, In multiple linear regression analysis, PSA was positively correlated with age （P〈0.0001）. Negative correlations existed between PSA and BMI （P〈0.0001） and triglyceride level （P=0.01）. No relationship could be found between PSA and serum cholesterol （P=0.711） or high-density lipoprotein （HDL; P =0.665）. In addition, we found that serum PSA levels increased with age and decreased with BMI. Our study demonstrates that age, BMI and triglyceride levels influence the PSA level in men 〈50 years of age.

The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 geneE670G polymorphism and serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations

Background The association of E670G polymorphism in the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) gene and serum lipid profiles is inconsistent in dif- ferent ethnic groups.Bai Ku Yao is a special subgroup of the Yao minority in China.The present study was undertaken association of PCSK9 E670G polymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations.Methods A total of 649 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 646 participants of Han Chinese were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples.Genotyping of the PCSK9 E670G polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis,and then confirmed by direct sequencing. Results The levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and apolipoprotein(Apo) AI were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han(P【0.01 for all).The frequency of A and G alleles was 98.00%and 2.00%in Bai Ku Yao,and 95.20%and 4.80%in Han(P【0.01);respectively. The frequency of AA,AG and GG genotypes was 95.99%,4.01%and 0%in Bai Ku Yao,and 91.02%, 8.36%and 0.62%in Han(P【0.01);respectively.There were also significant differences in the genotypic and allelic frequencies between n and the ratio of ApoAI to ApoB in Han Chinese but not in Bai Ku Yao were different between the AA and AG/GG genotypes(P【0.05 for all).The G allele carriers had higher serum HDL-C and higher ApoAI to ApoB ratio than the G allele noncarriers.When serum lipid parameters in Han were analyzed according to sex,the G allele carriers had higher serum HDL and ApoAI levels in males (P【0.05),and lower ApoB level and higher ApoAI to ApoB ratio in females(P【0.05 for all).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum HDL-C levels were correlated with genotypes in both ethnic groups(P【0.05 each).Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with sex,age,body massindex,alcohol consumption,cigarette smoking,and blood pressure in both ethnic groups(P【0.05-0.001).Conclusions These results suggest that the PCSK9 E670G polymorphism is mainly associated with some serum lipid parameters in the Han population,both gender show different relations to different serum lipid parameters.The G allele carriers might have higher serum lipid profiles than the G allele noncarriers. ormal LDL-C(≤3.20 mmol/L) and high LDL-C subgroups (】 3.20 mmol/L,P【0.01;respectively) in Bai Ku Yao, and between normal ApoB(≤1.14 g/L) and high ApoB subgroups(】 1.14 g/L,P 【 0.01;respectively) in Han.

Interactions of the apolipoprotein A5 gene polymorphisms and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels

Objectives Apolipoprotein(Apo) A5 gene poly-morphisms and alcohol consumption have been associated with increased serum triglyceride(TG) levels,but little is known about their interactions on serum lipid levels.The present study was undertaken polymorphismsand alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels.Methods A total of 516 unrelated nondrinkers and 514 drinkers aged 15 -89 were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples.Genotyping of the ApoA5was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism,and then confirmed by direct sequencing.Interactions of the ApoA5alcohol consumption were assessed by using a cross-product term between genotypes and the aforementioned factor.Results The levels of total cholesterol (TC),TG,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), ApoA1 and ApoB were higher in drinkers than in nondrinkers (P【0.05-0.001).The genotypic and allelic frequencies of the three single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were not different between the two groups.The levels of TG in non-drinkers, and TC,TG,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)and ApoB in drinkers were different among the three -1131T】C genotypes(P【0.05-0.001).The -1131C allele carriers had higher serum TC,TG,LDL-C and ApoB levels than the allele noncarriers.The levels of TG,HDL-C and ApoB in nondrinkers,and TG and HDL-C in drinkers were different between the two c.553G】T genotypes(P【0.05-0.01).The C.553T allele carriers had higher serum TG and ApoB levels,and lower HDL-C levels than the allele noncarriers.Serum lipid levels in nondrinkers were not different among the three c.457G】A genotypes(P【0.05 for all), but the levels of HDL-C,LDL-C,ApoA1 and ApoB in drinkers were different between the GG and GA/AA geno-types (P【0.05-0.001).The C.457A allele carriers had lower serum HDL-C,LDL-C,ApoAl and ApoB levels than the allele noncarriers.We also observed four haplotypes:G-G-T, G-G-C,G-A-T,and T-G-C with frequencies ranging from 0.06 to 0.87,representing 100%of all haplotypes in the both populations.The ApoA5 haplotypes were significantly(P【0.05) associated at the global level with TC,TG,HDL-C, LDL-C,Apo1,and ApoB,even after correction for multiple testing with permutation test.In particular,carriers of haplo-type G-G-C had significantly higher TC,TG,LDL-C,ApoB than noncarriers,whereas carriers of haplotype C-A-T had significantly lower TC,LDL-C,ApoAl and ApoB,and higher HDL-C than noncarriers.Serum TC levels in nondrinkers were correlated with -1131T】C genotype and allele(P【0.05 for each),whereas serum TC,TG and LDL-C levels in drinkers were associated with -1131 T】C and C.553G】T genotypes,or c.457G】A alleles(P【0.05-0.001).Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with several environmental factors in the both groups.Conclusions The differences in serum lipid profiles between the drinkers and nondrinkers might partly result from different interactions of ApoA5 gene polymor phisms and alcohol consumption.genotypes and -1131T】C, c.553G】T and c.457G】A to detect the interactions of the ApoA5

Hypolipidemic effect of coffee silver skin in rats fed a high-fat diet

The present study was conducted to evaluate the hypolipidemic effects of coffee silver skin(CSS)supplementation in rats fed a highfat diet(HFD).A total of 40 albino rats were used in the present study.The groups were as follows:Rats fed a normal diet,N group;high fat diet,HFD group;high fat diet+10%CSS,HFD 10;HFD+15%CSS,HFD 15;HFD+20%CSS,HFD 20;the diets were followed for 8 weeks.Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment.At the time of sacrifice,the weights of heart,liver,kidneys,epididymal fat and retroperitoneal fat of the experimental rats with respect to body weight were recorded.The lipid parameter of the serum was recorded and liver and kidney function tests were conducted.Finally,a histopathological assay was performed on the liver and kidney tissues of the rats fed the tested diets.The weight gain of the rats fed a HFD supplemented with 10,15 and 20%CSS was∼1.05,1.08 and 1.12 times lower than that of those rats fed HFD,respectively.The incorporation of CSS at a level of 20%reduced the increase in liver,kidney,epididymal fat and retroperitoneal fat weight by 17.84,19.38,47.23 and 18.00%,respectively,compared with HFD alone.HFD administration induced considerable increases in alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities compared with the control group.The results also indicated that the HFD-fed rats exhibited increased levels of urea,uric acid and creatinine,by∼26.38,8.40 and 6.75%,respectively,compared with the control rats.With the exception of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,all lipid fractions increased significantly in rats fed a HFD.The administration of a HFD induced marked pathological changes in the liver and kidneys of the rats.However,the incorporation of various levels of CSS in to a HFD reduced these changes.The results of the present study illustrate that the incorporation of CSS into HFDs reduces the hyperlipidemia effect of these diets.

Effect of Perinatal Bisphenol A Exposure on Serum Lipids and Lipid Enzymes in Offspring Rats of Different Sex

老鼠暴露于 1 或 10 ??? 芄賥袐觧貒 ?? 芄賥袐觧???? 敐楲慮慴? 楂灳敨潮 ?? 邈髦吗？？

Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism and serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations

Objectives The association of methylenetetrahy-drofolate reductase(MTHFR) gene polymorphism and serum lipid profiles is still controversial in diverse ethnics.Bai Ku Yao is an isolated subgroup of the Yao minority in China. The aim of the present study was to eveluate the association of MTHFR C677Tpolymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations.Methods A total of 780 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 686 participants of Han Chinese were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples.Genotyping of the MTHFR C677T was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis,and then confirmed by direct sequencing.Results The levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), apolipoprotein(Apo) AI and ApoB were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han(P【0.05-0.001).The frequency of C and T alleles was 77.4%and 22.6%in Bai Ku Yao,and 60.9%and 39.1%in Han(P【0.001);respectively.The frequency of CC,CT and TT genotypes was 58.7%,37.3%and 4.0%in Bai Ku Yao,and 32.6%,56.4%and 11.0%in Han(P【 0.001);respectively.The levels of TC and LDL-C in both ethnic groups were significant differences among the three genotypes(P【0.05-0.01).The T allele carriers had higher serum TC and LDL-C levels than the T allele noncarriers. The levels of ApoB in Han were significant differences among the three genotypes(P【0.05).The T allele carriers had higher serum ApoB levels as compared with the T allele noncarriers. The levels of TC,TG and LDL-C in Bai Ku Yao were correlated with genotypes(P【0.05-0.001),whereas the levels of LDL-C in Han were associated with genotypes(P【 0.001).Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with sex, age,body massindex,alcohol consumption,cigarette smoking, and blood pressure in the both ethnic groups.Conclusions The differences in serum TC,TG,LDL-C and ApoB levels between the two ethnic groups might partly result from different genotypic and allelic frequencies of the MTHFR C677Tor differentMTHFR gene-enviromental interactions.

Relationship Between Serum Leptin Concentration and Lipids & Body Mass Index in Patients With Chronic Congestive Heart Failure

Objectives To investigate the relationship of serum leptin concentration with the lipids and body mass index （BMI） in patients with chronic congestive heart failure（CHF）. Methods The serum concentration of leptin in 39 patients with CHF （14 in cardiac function class Ⅱ , 21 in class Ⅲ, 4 in classⅣ , NYHA） and in 46 patients with cardiac function class Ⅰ （NYHA） were assessed by radioimmunoassay. Results The serum concentration of leptin were 9.018±4.519 μg/l in CHF group （cardiac function class Ⅱ 11.492±5.649 μg/l, class Ⅲ 7.763±3.321 μg/l, class Ⅳ 6.100±2.657 μg/l）; 11.674± 6.911 μg/l in class Ⅰ group. The serum concentrations of leptin were significantly lower in CHF group, as compared with class Ⅰ group （P〈 0.05）. Moreover, the decrease of serum leptin concentration was significantly correlated with the decreased serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, body mass index and left ventricular ejection fraction in CHF group, respectively （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions The significance of the decrease in serum leptin in CHF patients needs further study.

Effects of Lard Enriched with n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Serum Lipid Composition in Rats

This study evaluated the lard enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs)on serum lipid composition in rats.The experiment contained two parts:(A)20 crossed pigs(Landrace×Min,60±2 kg)were assigned randomly into two dietary groups:a control group and a group fed the diet added 10%linseed based on the control diet.This part lasted 56 days and the results showed that the levels of the total n-3 PUFA in lard were improved approximately 2-fold(p<0.05),when pigs were fed 10% flaxseed compared to a control diet of corn.The lard taken from pigs was melted and preserved for rat experiment;(B)45 Sprague-Dawley rats at day 36 were randomly fed one of three diets for 42 days:the diet without added fat,the diet contained 10% common lard from pigs fed a conventional corn ration and the diet contained 10% lard enriched with n-3 PUFA from pigs fed 10% flaxseed.Rats fed lard significantly increased(p<0.05)serum cholesterol levels compared with rats maintained on a diet without lard.However,rats fed the lard enriched with n-3 PUFA significantly decreased the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum(p<0.05)and better hepatic antioxidant defense capacities,when compared with rats fed common lard(p<0.05).The results showed that pigs fed diet with n-3 PUFA produced lard enriched with n-3 PUFA and thus provided positive health benefits to the consumers.

Comparison of Serum Lipid Profile between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnant Women with Normal Glucose Tolerance

Background: Aberrant lipid metabolism presumed to have important relationship with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), though previous studies revealed inconsistent results on this area. Objectives: To identify the difference of serum lipid profile between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregnant woman with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted from January 2017 to December 2017 at Department of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh with 31 GDM and equal number of NGT pregnant women diagnosed on the basis of WHO criteria-2013, during 24 - 40 weeks of gestation. Glucose was measured by glucose oxidase method and fasting serum lipid profile [Total cholesterol (TC), High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and Triglyceride (TG)] was measured by enzymatic-colorimetric method. Data were analyzed and compared by statistical tests. Results: Among total sixty-two (62) study subjects, 31 were GDM (age: 27.52 ± 4.8 years, body mass index (BMI): 27.17 ± 3.3 kg/m2) and 31 were pregnant women with NGT (age: 24.94 ± 4.2 years, BMI: 25.43 ± 6.5 kg/m2). Mean age of GDM group was significantly higher than that of NGT group (p = 0.028). Women with GDM showed relatively higher BMI than NGT women but that was not statistically significant (p = 0.194). Fasting lipid profiles between GDM and NGT (GDM vs. NGT;total cholesterol: 194.21 ± 42.18 vs. 208.52 ± 42.18 mg/dl, p = 0.187;HDL-C: 47.50 ± 16.17 vs. 47.18 ± 11.71 mg/dl, p = 0.928;LDL-C: 109.25 ± 28.80 vs. 119.30 ± 34.76 mg/dl, p = 0.220 and triglyceride 204.78 ± 58.50 vs. 202.34 ± 79.18 mg/dl, p = 0.891) were not significantly different. The variations in all lipid fraction values were not statistically significant among GDM women when analyzed between BMI groups holding BMI cut-off at 23 kg/m2. No significant differences of any values of lipid profile were found in GDM women according to various age categories (Age < 25 years vs. ≥25 years). Conclusions: Lipid profile does not differ between women with GDM and pregnant woman with NGT.

Effects of Silica on Serum Phospholipid,Lipid Peroxide and Morphological Characteristics of Rat Lung

The effects of instilled silica have been studied on the serum-phospholipid (PL), lipid peroxide (LPO) and histopathology of rat lung up to 140 days from the first day of instillation. Silica induced relatively higher serum-PL throughout the experiment. The level of LPO also increased appreciably. They presented positive linear correlation. The early lesion was acute alveolitis with silica particles. These lesions became silicotic nodules on the 30th day, which then were enlarged gradually and fused by fibrosis. Alveolar macrophages (AM) were activated and surface structure was damaged. These results indicate that instilled sillca can induce lipid peroxidation of cell membrane and selective accumulation of lung PL

Relationship between the low density lipoprotein receptor gene polymorphism and serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao population

Objectives Bai Ku Yao(White-trousers Yaos)is a special branch of Yao minority in China.They are now living in both Lihu and Baxu villages,Nandan County, Guangxi,China.The population size is about 30,000.The special customs and culture of Bai Ku Yao,including their special clothing,intra-ethnic marriages and alcohol intake are still completely conserved to the present day.In previous epidemiologic studies,we found that the serum lipid levels and the prevalence of hyperlipidaemia were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han Chinese from the same region.This ethnic difference in serum lipid profiles is still not well known.We hypothesized that there may be significant differences in some genetic polymorphismsssociation of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) genepolymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations.Methods A total of 1024 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 792 participants of Han Chinese were stud- ied by a stratified randomized cluster sampling.Epidemiological survey was carried out using internationally standardized methods.Information on demographics,socioeconomic status, and lifestyle factors was collected with standardized questionnaires. The height,weight,waist circumference,blood pressure, and serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),apolipoprotein(Apo) A1, and ApoB were measured.Body massindex(BMI,kg/m2) was calculated.Genotyping of the LDL-RAvaⅡwas performed by polymerse chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis,and then confirmed by direct sequencing.Results(l)The height,weight,serum TC,HDL-C,LDL-C,ApoAl levels and the ratio of ApoAl to ApoB were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han Chinese(P【0.01 for all),whereas the percentage of subjects who consumed alcohol or smoked cigarettes was higher in Bai Ku Yao than in Han Chinese(P【0.01 for each).(2) The frequency of A+ allele in Bai Ku Yao was 34.5%,and the frequencies of A-A-,A-A+ and A+A + genotypes were 42.6%,45.9%and 11.5%;respectively. The frequency of A+ allele in Han Chinese was 19.3%(P【0.001),and the frequencies of A-A-,A-A + and A+A+ genotypes were 64.9%,31.6%and 3.5%(P【0.001);respectively. The frequencies of A-A-,A-A+ and A+A+ genotypes in Bai Ku Yao were significant difference between males and females,between normal TC and high TC subgroup, and between normal LDL-C and high LDL-C subgroup (P【0.05 for all),whereas the frequencies of A- and A+ ? alleles in Han Chinese were significant difference between males and females(P【0.05).(3) Serum LDL-C levels in Bai Ku Yao were significant difference among the A-A-, A-A+ and A+A+ genotypes(P【0.05),the A+ carriers had higher serum LDL-C levels.Serum HDL-C levels in Han Chiese were significant difference among the A-A-,A-A + and A+A+ genotypes(P【0.01),the A+ carriers had higher serum HDL-C levels.(4) After adjusting other factors,the prevalence of LDL-C abnormality was still higher in Han Chiese than in Bai Ku Yao.The prevalence of TC abnormality in Han Chinese was almost twice high as in Bai Ku Yao. The age and diet were common risk factor for TC abnormality. No effect of AvaⅡgenotype or alcohol consumption on the TC abnormality was found,but the combination of geno-type and alcohol consumption can increase the prevalence of TC abnormality[Exp(B) =(1.154)].Age was negatively cor- related with TG level.Conclusions Serum TC and LDL-C levels were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han Chinese.There were significant differences in the AvaⅡallele and genotype frequencies between the he A+ carriers in Bai Ku Yao had higher serum LDL-C levels,whereas the A+ carriers in Han had higher serum HDL-C levels.Interactions between alcohol consumption or cigarette smoking and the LDL-R AvaⅡgenotype were also observed.The differences in the serum lipid profiles between the two ethnic groups might partly result from different genotypic frequency of LDL-R AvaⅡpolymorphism or differentgene-enviromental interactions.Bai Ku Yao and Han population,the frequency of A + allele was higher in Bai Ku Yao than in Han.T between the two ethnic groups.Therefore,the aim of the present study was to detect the

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta+294T>C polymorphism and serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations

Objectives The association of peroxisome prolif-erator -activated receptor delta(PPARD) +294T】C polymorphism and serum lipid levels is inconsistent in several previous studies.Bai Ku Yao is an isolated association of PPARD +294T】C(rs2016520) polymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations.Methods A total of 609 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 573 participants of Han Chinese were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples.Genotyping of the PPARD +294T】C polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis, and then confirmed by direct sequencing.Results The levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),apolipoprotein(Apo) AI and ApoB were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han(P【0.001 for all).The frequency of T and C alleles was 77.50%and 22.50%in Bai Ku Yao,and 72.43%and 27.57%in Han (P【0.01);respectively.The frequency of TT,TC and CC genotypes was 60.59%,33.83%and 5.53%in Bai Ku Yao, and 52.18%,40.50%and 7.32%in Han(P【0.05);respectively. The levels of LDL-C,ApoB and the ratio of ApoAI to ApoB in Bai Ku Yao were different among the three genotypes in females but not in males(P【0.05 for all).The subjects with TT and TC genotypes had lower serum LDL-C and ApoB levels and higher the ratio of ApoAI to ApoB than the CC genotype in females.The levels of TC and ApoB in the total Han population were different among the three genotypes (P【0.05 for all).The C allele carriers had higher serum TC and ApoB levels than the C allele noncarriers.When serum lipid levels were analyzed according to sex,the difference in serum TC levels in Han was significant in males(P【0.01) but not in females,whereas the difference in serum ApoB levels was significant in females(P【0.05)but not in males. Serum TC and ApoB levels were correlated with genotypes in Han(P【0.05 for each) but not in Bai Ku Yao.Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with sex,age,body massindex, alcohol consumption,cigarette smoking,and blood pressure in both ethnic groups.Conclusions These results suggest that the association of PPARD +294T】C polymorphism and serum lipid levels is different between the Bai Ku Yao and Han populations.The discrepancy between the two ethnic groups might partly result from different PPARD +294T】C polymorphism or PPARD gene-enviromental interactions,subgroup of the Yao minority in China.

Maternal Serum Lipids in Pre-Eclamptic and Normotensive Pregnant Women: A Case-Control Study

Background: Preeclampsia-eclampsia is a major contributor to maternal and fetal, morbidity and mortality especially in low to middle income countries. This hypertensive disorder of pregnancy remains a disease of theories due to its unclear etiology. We evaluated for possible associations between maternal serum lipids and preeclampsia. Methods: This was a prospective case-control study that recruited 60 consenting women diagnosed with preeclampsia (cases) and 60 normotensive healthy pregnant women (controls), matched for maternal age and gestational age over an 8-month period (18th June, 2014 to 18th February, 2015) at the Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria. Cases and controls were recruited using the non-probability convenience sampling. Fasting venous blood samples were collected in both cases and controls and analyzed for serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoproteins (HDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) using Randox standard enzymatic methods. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 18 to compare and test for significance using Student t-test, Chi-square, and Pearson’s correlation as the appropriate. Tests of association were determined using logistic regression models. The difference was considered significant at P < 0.05. Findings: The mean serum levels of TC, HDL and LDL were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the pre-eclamptics (6.6 ± 2.9 mmol/L, 2.1 ± 1.0 mmol/L and 3.6 ± 2.6 mmol/L) than in normotensive women (4.5 ± 1.3 mmol/L, 1.5 ± 0.9 mmol/L and 2.2 ± 1.2 mmol/L) respectively. Mean serum level of triglycerides was increased in the pre-eclamptics (2.0 ± 1.0 mmol/L) compared to the controls (1.8 ± 0.6 mmo/L) (p = 0.089). Serum TC, TG and LDL were similar in women with mild preeclampsia when compared with women with severe preeclampsia. Correlation between maternal systolic and diastolic blood pressures and the serum lipids was not significant. Adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that total cholesterol (OR = 4.363, 95% CI = 1.410 - 13.506, p = 0.011) and high density lipoproteins (OR = 3.247, 95% CI = 1.086 - 9.709, p = 0.035) are significant independent risk factors for preeclampsia. Conclusion: Elevated maternal serum lipids are associated with preeclampsia, however, the widespread lack of uniformity in the patterns of dyslipidemias in pre-eclamptics, across different populations, may suggest that serum lipids will not be a reliable predictor or severity marker of preeclampsia.