Transforming growth factor-beta 1 enhances discharge activity of cortical neurons

Transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1)has been extensively studied for its pleiotropic effects on central nervous system diseases.The neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects of TGF-β1 in specific brain areas may depend on the pathological process and cell types involved.Voltage-gated sodium channels(VGSCs)are essential ion channels for the generation of action potentials in neurons,and are involved in various neuroexcitation-related diseases.However,the effects of TGF-β1 on the functional properties of VGSCs and firing properties in cortical neurons remain unclear.In this study,we investigated the effects of TGF-β1 on VGSC function and firing properties in primary cortical neurons from mice.We found that TGF-β1 increased VGSC current density in a dose-and time-dependent manner,which was attributable to the upregulation of Nav1.3 expression.Increased VGSC current density and Nav1.3 expression were significantly abolished by preincubation with inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase(PD98059),p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(SB203580),and Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2 inhibitor(SP600125).Interestingly,TGF-β1 significantly increased the firing threshold of action potentials but did not change their firing rate in cortical neurons.These findings suggest that TGF-β1 can increase Nav1.3 expression through activation of the ERK1/2-JNK-MAPK pathway,which leads to a decrease in the firing threshold of action potentials in cortical neurons under pathological conditions.Thus,this contributes to the occurrence and progression of neuroexcitatory-related diseases of the central nervous system.

Plasma Levels of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 in Women with Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Objective: In women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP), decreased expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) has been shown in POP tissues. However, no studies have evaluated plasma TGF-β1 levels in patients with POP, so it is unknown whether they are also changed or not. Therefore, we compared plasma TGF-β1 levels in women with and without POP. Methods: Participants were 49 women with POP and 23 healthy control women. All participants were postmenopausal. We measured plasma TGF-β1 and compared data between patients with POP and controls, and between patients with uterine prolapse (UP, n = 19) and those with a cystocele (CC, n = 30). In addition, in patients, we assessed the POP quantification system (POP-Q) stage. Results: Plasma TGF-β1 levels were significantly lower in patients than in healthy controls. POP-Q stage was not significantly different between the UP and CC subgroups, but POP-Q stage IV was diagnosed in 63% of patients with UP and 7% of those with CC. Plasma TGF-β1 levels were significantly lower in the CC subgroup than in the UP subgroup. Conclusion: Plasma TGF-β1 is decreased in POP. It remains unclear whether the lower levels indicate a reduction in systemic TGF-β1 activity, but they can be assumed to reflect reduced TGF-β1 expression in POP tissues.

Effects of RNA interference targeting transforming growth factor-beta 1 on immune hepatic fibrosis induced by Concanavalin A in mice

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is the most potent means of stimulating liver fibrogenesis by myofibroblast-like cells derived from hepatic stellate cells. Thus, TGF-beta 1 could be a target for treating hepatic fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of specific TGF-beta 1 small interference RNA (siRNA) on immune hepatic fibrosis induced by Concanavalin A (Con A) in mice. METHODS: Three short hairpin RNAs targeting different positions of TGF-beta 1 were designed and cloned to the plasmid pGenesil-1 to obtain three recombinant expression vectors (pGenesil-TGF-beta 1-ml, pGenesil-TGF-beta 1-m2 and pGenesil-TGF-beta 1-m3). Thirty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal, model, control, and three treatment groups. The immune hepatic fibrosis models were constructed by injecting Con A via the tail vein at 8 mg/kg per week for 6 weeks. At weeks 2, 4 and 6, pGenesil-TGF-beta 1-ml, pGenesil-TGF-beta 1-m2 or pGenesi1-TGF-beta 1-m3 was injected by a hydrodynamics-based transfection method via the tail vein at 0.8 ml/10 g within 24 hours after injection of Con A in each of the three treatment groups. The mice in the control group were injected with control plasmid pGenesil-HK at the same dose. All mice were sacrificed at week 7. The levels of hydroxyproline in liver tissue were determined by biochemistry. Liver histopathology was assessed by Van Gieson staining. The expression levels and localization of TGF-beta 1, Smad3, and Smad7 in liver tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of TGF-beta 1, Smad3, Smad7 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) mRNAs in the liver were assessed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: The levels of hydroxyproline in the liver tissue of the treatment groups were lower than those of the model group (P<0.01). Histopathologic assay showed that liver fibrogenesis was clearly improved in the treatment groups compared with the model group. The expression levels of TGF-beta 1 and Smad3 of liver tissue were also markedly lower in the treatment groups than in the model group (P<0.01), while the levels of Smad7 were higher in the treatment groups than in the model group (P<0.01). RT-PCR further showed that the expression of TGF-beta 1, Smad3 and alpha-SMA mRNA was significantly inhibited in the treatment groups compared with the model group, while the levels of Smad7 were increased. There was no difference in the above parameters among the three treatment groups or between the control and model groups (P>0.05), but the inhibitory effect of pGenesil-TGF-beta 1-ml was the highest among the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Specific siRNA targeting of TGF-beta 1 markedly inhibited the fibrogenesis of immune hepatic fibrosis induced by Con A in mice. The anti-fibrosis mechanisms of siRNAs may be associated with the down-regulation of TGF-beta 1, Smad3 and alpha-SMA expression and up-regulation of Smad7 expression in liver tissue, which resulted in suppressing the activation of hepatic stellate cells. (Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2009; 8: 300-308)

Pre-ischemia electro-acupuncture potentiates the expression of Bcl-2 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 in rat brains

The expression of the anti-apoptotic molecules Bcl-2 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 is known to confer protective effects on the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.The current study investigated the expression levels of Bcl-2 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 in response to multiple pre-ischemia electro-acupuncture at acupoints Zusanli（ST36）and Fengchi（GB20） stimulation.Rats were divided into five groups：uninjured,control,non-acupoint,GB20 and ST36. Rats in the non-acupoint,GB20 and ST36 groups received 30 minutes（3 times or 18 times）of electro-acupuncture stimulation before experimental cerebral ischemia was induced.Bcl-2 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 were found to be significantly increased in the ST36 groups with either 3 or 18 electro-acupuncture treatments（P〈0.05）.The production was higher with 18 electro-acupuncture treatments in the ST36 groups（P〈0.05）.In the GB20 groups,significant increase was only observed in transforming growth factor-beta 1 with 18 electro-acupuncture treatments（P〈0.05）.No significant elevation of the level of transforming growth factor-beta 1 was observed in the non-acupoint groups.However,the production of Bcl-2 increased with 18 treatments in the non-acupoint groups（P〈0.05）.The data suggest that multiple pre-ischemia electro-acupuncture at ST36 was effective in conferring neuroprotective effect on the brain by means of upregulation of Bcl-2 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 and the effect was increase with the number of treatment.

Deciphering the role of transforming growth factor-beta 1 as a diagnostic-prognostic-therapeutic candidate against hepatocellular carcinoma

Transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-β)is a multifunctional cytokine that performs a dual role as a tumor suppressor and tumor promoter during cancer progression.Among different ligands of the TGF-βfamily,TGF-β1 modulates most of its biological outcomes.Despite the abundant expression of TGF-β1 in the liver,steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)progression triggers elevated TGF-β1 levels,contributing to poor prognosis and survival.Additionally,elevated TGF-β1 levels in the tumor microenvironment create an immunosuppressive stage via various mechanisms.TGF-β1 has a prime role as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in HCC.Moreover,TGF-β1 is widely studied as a therapeutic target either as monotherapy or combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors.This review provides clinical relevance and up-to-date information regarding the potential of TGF-β1 in diagnosis,prognosis,and therapy against HCC.

Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 in Patients with the Early Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Following Hepatectomy

Background: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) are modulated in variety cancers including Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is a paucity of data concerning their role in the pathologic process of recurrence of HCC following hepatectomy. We herein assessed the role of the hepatic expression of COX-2 and TGF-β as predictors for patients with early recurrence within 2 years of HCC diagnosis. Methods: Sixty patients with HCC who underwent curative hepatectomy between 2000 and 2003 were entered in the present study. The immunoreactivity and distribution patterns of COX-2 and TGF-β1 were examined in both the HCC and the adjacent nonHCC tissues of the liver. Risk factors of tumor recurrence within 2 years, including COX-2 and TGF-β1 expression, were investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Among 60 patients, 31 patients had early recurrences within 2 years and 14 patients recurred after 2 years following surgery. Patients with low COX-2 expression in the HCC tissues and adjacent nonHCC tissues had favorable disease-free survival (p = 0.002 and p β1 expression in the nonHCC tissues had also longer disease-free survival (p = 0.045). Based on the expression patterns of COX-2 and TGF-β1, patients with low COX-2 and positive TGF-β1 expression in the nonHCC tissues had favorable overall and disease-free survival (p β1 signaling in nontumor tissues suggested high risk of recurrence and poor survival to the HCC patients following hepatectomy.

Role of transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway in pathogenesis of benign biliary stricture

AIM: To characterize the expression of members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/Smad/ connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) signaling pathway in the tissue of benign biliary stricture, and to investigate the effect of TGF-β signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of benign biliary stricture. METHODS: Paraffin embedded materials from 23 cases of benign biliary stricture were analyzed for members of the TGF-β/Smad/CTGF signaling pathway. TGF-β_1, TβRⅠ, TβRⅡ, Smad4, Smad7 and CTGF protein were detected by immunohistochemical strepto-advidinbiotin complex method, and CTGF mRNA was evaluated by hybridization in situ, while 6 cases of normal bile duct served as controls. The percentages of positive cells were counted. The correlation between TGF-β_1, Smad4 and CTGF was analyzed. RESULTS: The positive expression ratios of TGF-β_1, TβRⅠ , TβRⅡ , Smad4, CTGF and CTGF mRNA in 23 cases with benign biliary stricture were 91.3%, 82.6%, 87.0%, 78.3%, 82.6% and 65.2%, respectively, signifi cantly higher than that in 6 cases of normal bile duct respectively (vs 33.3%, 16.7%, 50.0%, 33.3%, 50.0%, 16.7%, respectively, P < 0.05). The positiveexpression ratio of Smad7 in cases with benign biliary stricture was 70.0%, higher than that in normal bile duct, but this difference is not statistically signifi cant 70.0% vs 50%, P > 0.05). There was a positive correlation between positive expression of TGF-β_1, Smad4 and CTGF in cases with benign biliary stricture. CONCLUSION: The high expression of TGF-β/Smad/ CTGF signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of benign biliary stricture.

Relationship of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Arginase-1 Levels with Long-term Survival after Kidney Transplantation

In this study, we compared the serum levels of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）, interleukin-10 （IL-10）, and arginase-1 in long-term survival kidney transplant recipients （LTSKTRs） with those in short-term survival kidney transplant recipients （STSKTRs）. We then evaluated the relationship between these levels and graft function. Blood samples were collected from 50 adult LTSKTRs and 20 STSKTRs （graft survival approximately 1-3 years post-transplantation）. All patients had stable kidney function. The samples were collected at our institution during the patients＇ follow-up examinations between March 2017 and September 2017. The plasma levels of TGF-β1, IL- 10, and arginase- 1 were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays （ELISA）. The levels of TGF-β1 and arginase-1 were significantly higher in the LTSKTRs than in the STSKTRs. The time elapsed since transplantation was positively correlated with the levels of TGF-β1 and arginase-1 in the LTSKTRs. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was positively correlated with the TGF-β1 level, and the serum creatinine level was negatively correlated with the TGF-β1 level. Higher serum levels of TGF-β1 and arginase-1 were found in LTSKTRs than in STSKTRs, and we found that TGF-β1 was positively correlated with long-term graft survival and function. Additionally, TGF-β1 and arginase-1 levels were positively correlated with the time elapsed since transplantation. On the basis of these findings, TGF-β1 and arginase- 1 may play important roles in determining long-term graft survival. Thus, we propose that TGF-β1 and arginase-1 may potentially be used as predictive markers for evaluating long-term graft survival.

血清胱抑素C、内皮素-1、转化生长因子-β1预测高尿酸血症患者非布司他治疗后疗效的价值

目的研究血清胱抑素C、内皮素-1、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)预测高尿酸血症(HUA)非布司他治疗后疗效的价值。方法回顾性分析2021年1月至2023年1月在武警山西总队医院收治的160例HUA患者的临床资料,所有患者均口服非布司他进行治疗,根据患者使用非布司他治疗3个月后的疗效情况分为有效组(n=118)和无效组(n=42)。观察两组基础资料信息[性别、年龄、体重指数、病程、疾病类型、合并高血压、合并糖尿病、血肌酐、肾小球过滤率(GFR)、血尿酸、胱抑素C、内皮素-1、TGF-β1水平]差异。采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响HUA患者非布司他治疗效果的危险因素。绘制受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线评估血清胱抑素C、内皮素-1、TGF-β1预测HUA患者非布司他治疗效果的效能。结果两组性别构成比、年龄、体重指数、病程、疾病类型、合并高血压、合并糖尿病、血肌酐、eGFR比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);无效组的血尿酸、胱抑素C、内皮素-1、TGF-β1水平分别为(435.89±33.05)μmol/L、(10.84±1.65)mg/L、(32.81±5.55)ng/L、(25.74±4.85)ng/mL,均显著高于有效组[(351.85±24.76)μmol/L、(8.15±1.43)mg/L、(24.56±4.12)ng/L、(19.28±3.62)ng/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析证实,血清血尿酸、胱抑素C、内皮素-1、TGF-β1高水平均是影响HUA患者非布司他治疗无效的危险因素(P<0.05)。经ROC分析证实,血清胱抑素C、内皮素-1、TGF-β1可用于HUA患者非布司他治疗效果的预测,曲线下面积分别为0.917、0.853、0.825,预测价值较好(P<0.05)。结论血清血尿酸、胱抑素C、内皮素-1、TGF-β1高水平均是影响HUA患者非布司他治疗效果的危险因素,可将以上指标作为评估HUA患者非布司他治疗效果的标志物,为临床降低HUA治疗无效风险提供参考。

血清LRG1、TGF-β1水平与急性脑梗死颈动脉内膜中层厚度及近期预后不良的关系

目的探讨血清富亮氨酸α-2糖蛋白-1(LRG1)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)水平与急性脑梗死(ACI)颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)及近期预后不良的关系。方法选取2020年1月至2023年1月在苏州市广济医院诊治的123例ACI患者,根据IMT将患者分为正常组(23例)、增厚组(30例)和斑块组(70例),另选取同期苏州市广济医院35例体检健康者作为健康对照组,比较4组血清LRG1、TGF-β1水平及IMT。随访3个月,根据预后情况将患者分为预后良好组(75例)和预后不良组(48例),采用Pearson法分析血清LRG1、TGF-β1与IMT的相关性;采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析ACI患者近期预后不良的危险因素;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清LRG1、TGF-β1水平对ACI患者近期预后不良的预测价值。结果健康对照组、正常组、增厚组、斑块组血清LRG1水平依次升高,TGF-β1水平则依次降低(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,血清LRG1与IMT呈正相关,TGF-β1则与IMT呈负相关(P<0.05)。预后不良组年龄、合并糖尿病患者占比、入院美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹血糖(FPG)、白细胞计数(WBC)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)及血清LRG1水平均高于预后良好组(P<0.05),发病至溶栓时间长于预后良好组(P<0.05),血清TGF-β1水平则低于预后良好组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,NIHSS评分高、发病至溶栓时间长、血清LRG1水平升高及TGF-β1水平降低均是影响ACI患者近期近期预后不良的危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,血清LRG1、TGF-β1单独及联合预测ACI患者近期预后不良的曲线下面积分别为0.824、0.708、0.902。结论ACI患者存在血清LRG1水平升高、TGF-β1水平降低的情况,血清LRG1、TGF-β1水平与IMT及ACI患者近期预后密切相关,联合检测血清LRG1、TGF-β1水平对预测ACI患者近期预后不良有较高的参考价值。

Inhibition of Ubiquitin-specific Protease 4 Attenuates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells via Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor Type Ⅰ

Objective Ubiquitin-specific protease 4(USP4)facilitates the development of transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in various cancer cells.Moreover,EMT of renal tubular epithelial cells(RTECs)is required for the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis.However,the role of USP4 in EMT of RTECs remains unknown.The present study aimed to explore the effect of USP4 on the EMT of RTECs as well as the involved mechanism.Methods In established unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO)rats and NRK-52E cells,immunohistochemistry and Western blot assays were performed.Results USP4 expression was increased significantly with obstruction time.In NRK-52E cells stimulated by TGF-β1,USP4 expression was increased in a time-dependent manner.In addition,USP4 silencing with specific siRNA indicated that USP4 protein was suppressed effectively.Meanwhile,USP4 siRNA treatment restored E-cadherin and weakened alpha smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)expression,indicating that USP4 may promote EMT.After treatment with USP4 siRNA and TGF-β1 for 24 h,the expression of TGF-β1 receptor type I(TβRI)was decreased.Conclusion USP4 promotes the EMT of RTECs through upregulating TβRI,thereby facilitating renal interstitial fibrosis.These findings may provide a potential target of USP4 in the treatment of renal fibrosis.

西维来司他钠对重症脑卒中患者血乳酸、CRP及TGF-β_(1)的影响研究

目的研究西维来司他钠对重症脑卒中患者血乳酸、C反应蛋白(CRP)以及转化生长因子β_(1)(TGF-β_(1))的影响。方法42例重症脑卒中患者,随机分为A组(19例)和B组(23例);A组患者接受综合治疗,B组患者在A组基础上加用西维来司他钠治疗。另选取15例轻症脑卒中患者作为C组。比较三组患者血乳酸、CRP及血TGF-β_(1)水平。结果治疗前及治疗2、7 d后,A组血乳酸分别为(2.81±0.96)、(2.23±0.77)、(1.85±0.52)mmol/L,CRP分别为(98.49±5.16)、(56.72±7.72)、(31.22±7.14)mg/L。治疗前及治疗2、7 d后,B组血乳酸分别为(3.08±0.87)、(2.31±0.85)、(1.78±0.63)mmol/L,CRP分别为(95.33±6.11)、(48.74±5.69)、(26.88±5.73)mg/L。C组血乳酸、CRP分别为(2.08±0.52)mmol/L、(18.34±5.88)mg/L。C组血乳酸低于A组和B组治疗前,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);C组CRP水平低于A组和B组治疗前及治疗2、7 d后,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);但A组和B组治疗前血乳酸、CRP水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗2、7 d后,A组和B组血乳酸、CRP水平均低于本组治疗前,B组CRP水平低于A组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);但A组和B组治疗2、7 d后血乳酸水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前及治疗2、7 d后,A组血TGF-β_(1)分别为(92.16±20.25)、(112.09±35.92)、(183.04±21.22)μg/L,B组血TGF-β_(1)分别为(88.58±22.77)、(168.02±58.16)、(212.13±33.44)μg/L,C组血TGF-β_(1)为(110.25±20.46)μg/L。C组的血TGF-β_(1)水平高于B组和A组治疗前,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组和B组治疗前血TGF-β_(1)水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗2、7 d后,A组和B组血TGF-β_(1)水平均高于本组治疗前,且B组高于A组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组和B组治疗7 d后血TGF-β_(1)水平均高于C组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论西维来司他钠可以降低重症脑卒中患者血乳酸及CRP水平,提高血TGF-β_(1)水平,可改善重症脑卒中患者的预后。

Effects of Xiaoke granule on transforming growth factor-beta_1 expression and proliferation in rat mesangial cells

Diabetic nephropathy, one of the major causes of death of diabetes patients, is diagnosed as the thickening of glomerular basement membrane and progressive expansion of the glomerular mesangium and tubulointerstitium. Intensive studies have shown that hyperglycemia is the key factor for renal sclerosis which can lead to end-stage renal disease for diabetic patients.^1,2 Our previous studies demonstrated that Xiaoke granule can inhibit the progression of diabetic nephropathy. However, its mechanisms remain unknown.^3,4 In this study, we found that Xiaoke granule coincidently depresses transforming growth factor-beta1 （TGF-β1） expression and inhibits the effect of high glucose on mesangial cell proliferation. This might suggest that the effect of Xiaoke granule on inhibiting progression of diabetic nephropathy through down-regulating TGF-β1 expression.

Effects of Qingguang'an(青光安)containing serum on the expression levels of autophagy-related genes in human Tenon's fibroblasts induced by transforming growth factor beta 1

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of Qingguang'an(青光安)containing serum on the expression levels of autophagy related genes in the transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1)-activated human Tenon's fibroblasts(HTFs).METHODS:(a)Primary HTFs were stimulated by TGF-β1 and underwent immunohistochemistry,which established a cell model after Glaucoma filtration surgery(GFS).(b)The cell models were divided into 4 group:normal group(normal cells),model group(+TGF-β1),treatment group(+TGF-β1+medicated serum),and positive control group(TGF-β1+rapamycin).Then,Qingguang'an medicated serum with optimum concentration was added to the corresponding group.The autophagy positive cells were identified by the Cyto-ID autophagy detection kits under fluorescent microscope and Cytation 5 multifunctional instrument for cell imaging.And the mean fluorescence intensity of autophagy positive cells was determined by flow cytometry.The expression levels of autophagy related genes—Beclin-1,autophagy related gene 5(ATG-5),and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC-3Ⅱ)were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis.RESULTS:Compared with the normal group and the model group,the relative mRNA expression levels of autophagy-related genes(Beclin-1,ATG-5 and LC-3Ⅱ)in the experimental group were notably increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and with the extension of treatment time,it had an increasing trend(48 h was more obvious),which showed a certain time dependency;the protein expression levels of autophagy-related genes(Beclin-1,ATG-5,and LC-3Ⅱ)were significantly increased in the experimental group(P<0.05,P<0.01).With the prolongation of treatment time,there was an increasing trend(48 h was relatively obvious),and it revealed a certain time dependency CONCLUSION:The Qingguang'an medicated serum could up-regulate autophagy related genes(Beclin1,ATG5,and LC3Ⅱ)in the TGF-β1-activated HTFs.

Shenweifang-containing serum inhibits transforming growth factor-β1–induced myofibroblast differentiation in normal rat kidney interstitial fibroblast cells

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of Shenweifang(SWF)-containing serum on transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1–induced fibroblast-myofibroblast transition in normal rat kidney interstitial fibroblast cells(NRK-49 F).METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged with one of five solutions:(a)saline;(b)saline plus low-dose SWF;(c)saline plus medium-dose SWF;(d)saline plus highdose SWF;and(e)saline plus valsartan.NRK-49 F cells were treated with TGF-β1 and cultured using serum from the gavaged rats.RESULTS:TGF-β1 treatment increased the expression ofα-smooth muscle actin,proliferating cell nuclear antigen,collagenⅠ,Smad3,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)10,and c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)3 and induced abnormalities in cell morphology,cell cycle progression,and cell proliferation.CONCLUSIONS:SWF-or valsartan-containing serum corrected(or partially corrected)TGF-β1–induced abnormal changes in this in vitro system.SWF-containing serum reversed abnormalities in morphology,cell cycle progression,and proliferation in TGF-β1–treated NRK-49F cells,probably by blocking the TGF-β1/Smads and TGF-β1/MAPK/JNK pathways.

急性脑梗死患者血清TGF-β_1检测的临床意义

目的 探讨血清转化生长因子 - β1 (TGF- β1 )在急性脑梗死 (ACI)发病过程中的变化及其意义。方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验动态检测 35例 ACI患者血清 TGF- β1 浓度 ,分析其与梗死部位、大小、病情的相关性。结果 ACI患者血清 TGF- β1 浓度急性期降低 ,恢复期升高。皮质梗死组 TGF- β1 高于皮质下组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;梗死体积大则 TGF- β1 浓度高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;重型组 TGF- β1 浓度高于轻型组 ,但无统计学意义。梗死组中白细胞和单核细胞数高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 血清 TGF- β1 的产生与外周血白细胞总数有关 ,其浓度的改变与梗死部位、大小及病程有一定关系 ,提示 TGF- β1 是一种负性免疫调节剂。

增生型糖尿病视网膜病变患者血清中转化生长因子-β1和结缔组织生长因子水平的变化及意义

目的探讨增生型糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)患者血清中转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor beta1,TGF-β1)、结缔组织生长因子(connective tissue growth factor,CTGF)水平的变化及其意义。方法收集76例糖尿病视网膜病变患者血清标本,将其分为2组:40例为非增生型糖尿病性视网膜病变(non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy,NPDR)组;36例为PDR组。同时收集36例健康人血清为正常对照(normal contro,l NC)组。采用ELISA法检测各组患者血清中TGF-β1和CTGF的水平。结果 NC组、NPDR组、PDR组患者血清中TGF-β1含量分别为(0.39±0.05)μg·L-1、(0.43±0.05)μg·L-1、(0.80±0.08)μg·L-1,CTGF含量分别为(1.48±0.09)μg·L-1、(1.57±0.12)μg·L-1、(2.01±0·13)μg·L-1。PDR组患者血清中TGF-β1、CTGF水平明显高于NPDR组和NC组(均为P<0.01),NPDR组与NC组相比差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。结论 PDR患者血清中高表达TGF-β1、CTGF,TGF-β1、CTGF可能在PDR的发生和发展中起重要作用。

Early Growth Response Gene-1 Deficiency Interrupts TGFβ1 Signaling Activation and Aggravates Neurodegeneration in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice

Early growth response protein 1(Egr-1)triggers the transcription of many genes involved in cell growth,differentiation,synaptic plasticity,and neurogenesis.However,its mechanism in neuronal survival and degeneration is still poorly understood.This study demonstrated that Egr-1 was down-regulated at mRNA and protein levels in the central nervous system(CNS)of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE)mice.Egr-1 knockout exacerbated EAE progression in mice,as shown by increased disease severity and incidence;it also aggravated neuronal apoptosis,which was associated with weakened activation of the BDNF/TGFβ1/MAPK/Akt signaling pathways in the CNS of EAE mice.Consistently,Egr-1 siRNA promoted apoptosis but mitigated the activation of BDNF/TGFβ1/MAPK/Akt signaling in SH-SY5Y cells.Our results revealed that Egr-1 is a crucial regulator of neuronal survival in EAE by regulating TGFβ1-mediated signaling activation,implicating the important role of Egr-1 in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis as a potential novel therapy target.

血清胱抑素-C及转化生长因子β_1在肾脏疾病中的检测及意义

目的:探讨肾脏疾病患者血清胱抑素 C(Cys C)及转化生长因子β1(TGF β1)的水平变化及与肾功能的关系。 方法:52例肾脏疾病患者根据Scr分为两组:甲组25例和乙组27例。采用免疫组化、ELISA法检测两组和22例 正常健康者(对照组)血清、尿Cys C及TGF β1的水平。检测结果采用SPSS统计软件进行统计学分析。结果:(1) 甲组与乙组、乙组与对照组血清BUN、Scr、Cys C及TGF β1差异均有显著性(P均<0.05)。血清BUN、Scr与 Cys C呈正相关(r=0.732,P<0.05;r=0.707,P<0.05);(2)尿中TGF β1水平与肾功能损害程度呈正相关(r= 0.640,P<0.05)。结论:在肾脏疾病中检测血清Cys C、尿TGF β1水平有助于评价肾脏功能,指导临床治疗。

脓毒症所致急性呼吸窘迫综合症患者血清转化生长因子β-1的表达

目的检测转化生长因子β-1(transforming growth factor beta-1,TGFβ-1)在脓毒症所致急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)患者血清中的表达。方法选取该院2014年1月—2015年12月脓毒症患者52例纳入该研究,根据ARDS诊断标准将其分为两组:ARDS组(n=24,其中7例患者死亡)和非ARDS组(n=28)。抽取患者入院时和入院后7 d静脉血,并采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清TGFβ-1的表达。结果入院时两组患者血清TGFβ-1的表达未见显著差异(P>0.05);入院后7 d,ARDS组患者(42.1±2.72)pg/m L血清TGFβ-1的表达显著高于非ARDS组(51.3±3.16)pg/m L,且ARDS组内死亡患者(85.3±23.50)pg/m L血清TGFβ-1较幸存患者(35.5±10.24)pg/m L显著升高(P<0.05)差异均有统计学意义。结论血清TGFβ-1是一类敏感指标,可用于预判脓毒症患者是否并发ARDS。