The cloud service level agreement(SLA)manage the relationship between service providers and consumers in cloud computing.SLA is an integral and critical part of modern era IT vendors and communication contracts.Due to...The cloud service level agreement(SLA)manage the relationship between service providers and consumers in cloud computing.SLA is an integral and critical part of modern era IT vendors and communication contracts.Due to low cost and flexibility more and more consumers delegate their tasks to cloud providers,the SLA emerges as a key aspect between the consumers and providers.Continuous monitoring of Quality of Service(QoS)attributes is required to implement SLAs because of the complex nature of cloud communication.Many other factors,such as user reliability,satisfaction,and penalty on violations are also taken into account.Currently,there is no such policy of cloud SLA monitoring to minimize SLA violations.In this work,we have proposed a cloud SLA monitoring policy by dividing a monitoring session into two parts,for critical and non-critical parameters.The critical and non-critical parameters will be decided on the interest of the consumer during SLA negotiation.This will help to shape a new comprehensive SLA based Proactive Resource Allocation Approach(RPAA)which will monitor SLA at runtime,analyze the SLA parameters and try to find the possibility of SLA violations.We also have implemented an adaptive system for allocating cloud IT resources based on SLA violations and detection.We have defined two main components of SLA-PRAA i.e.,(a)Handler and(b)Accounting and Billing Manager.We have also described the function of both components through algorithms.The experimental results validate the performance of our proposed method in comparison with state-of-the-art cloud SLA policies.展开更多
Mostly, cloud agreements are signed between the consumer and the provider using online click-through agreements. Several issues and conflicts exist in the negotiation of cloud agreement terms due to the legal and ambi...Mostly, cloud agreements are signed between the consumer and the provider using online click-through agreements. Several issues and conflicts exist in the negotiation of cloud agreement terms due to the legal and ambiguous terms in Service Level Agreements (SLA). Semantic knowledge applied during the formation and negotiation of SLA can overcome these issues. Cloud SLA negotiation consists of numerous activities such as formation of SLA templates, publishing it in registry, verification and validation of SLA, monitoring for violation, logging and reporting and termination. Though these activities are interleaved with each other, semantic synchronization is still lacking. To overcome this, a novel SLA life cycle using semantic knowledge to automate the cloud negotiation has been formulated. Semantic web platform using ontologies is designed, developed and evaluated. The resultant platform increases the task efficiency of the consumer and the provider during negotiation. Precision and recall scores for Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) SLAs were calculated. And it reveals that applying semantic knowledge helps the extraction of meaningful answers from the cloud actors.展开更多
Cloud computing is high technology, which fulfills needs of common as well as enterprise level to meet their information and communication technology requirements and so on. Cloud computing extends existing informatio...Cloud computing is high technology, which fulfills needs of common as well as enterprise level to meet their information and communication technology requirements and so on. Cloud computing extends existing information technology capabilities and requirements. Many technologies are being merged with cloud computing, same as that orchestrations can boost cloud service provisioning process. The usage of orchestrations can play vital role to provision cloud services. Cloud service providers can create scalable cloud services at low cost by organizing cloud infrastructure by using cloud orchestrations. Dynamic orchestration flows can generate required cloud computing services to meet service level agreements and quality of services. There is a need to understand issues and barriers involved to integrate cloud orchestrations with cloud service provisioning process. There is also need to understand business related problems bordering cloud computing technology. There is much capacity to do targeted research work for cloud orchestrations and its integration with service level agreements as well as with SLI (service level integration) layer. In this article we have elaborated detailed analysis and identified a number of issues that will affect the cloud service users as well as cloud service providers and cloud service provisioning system. We are defining an approach to orchestrate cloud infrastructure by using orchestration flows, to generate cloud services in order to meet service level agreements and quality of standard.展开更多
On-demand availability and resource elasticity features of Cloud computing have attracted the focus of various research domains.Mobile cloud computing is one of these domains where complex computation tasks are offloa...On-demand availability and resource elasticity features of Cloud computing have attracted the focus of various research domains.Mobile cloud computing is one of these domains where complex computation tasks are offloaded to the cloud resources to augment mobile devices’cognitive capacity.However,the flexible provisioning of cloud resources is hindered by uncertain offloading workloads and significant setup time of cloud virtual machines(VMs).Furthermore,any delays at the cloud end would further aggravate the miseries of real-time tasks.To resolve these issues,this paper proposes an auto-scaling framework(ACF)that strives to maintain the quality of service(QoS)for the end users as per the service level agreement(SLA)negotiated assurance level for service availability.In addition,it also provides an innovative solution for dealing with the VM startup overheads without truncating the running tasks.Unlike the waiting cost and service cost tradeoff-based systems or threshold-rule-based systems,it does not require strict tuning in the waiting costs or in the threshold rules for enhancing the QoS.We explored the design space of the ACF system with the CloudSim simulator.The extensive sets of experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the ACF system in terms of good reduction in energy dissipation at the mobile devices and improvement in the QoS.At the same time,the proposed ACF system also reduces the monetary costs of the service providers.展开更多
该文提出一种算法IQoE2QoS(Improved QoE to QoS),采用模糊理论的方法计算QoE到QoS的映射。该算法有3重目标:从大量的经验数据中通过计算互信息量方式总结被统计指标之间的关联程度。在大量经验数据的基础上通过多指标模糊判定理论将用...该文提出一种算法IQoE2QoS(Improved QoE to QoS),采用模糊理论的方法计算QoE到QoS的映射。该算法有3重目标:从大量的经验数据中通过计算互信息量方式总结被统计指标之间的关联程度。在大量经验数据的基础上通过多指标模糊判定理论将用户感知映射到应用层用户QoS参数。考虑了用户的QoE和QoS的双向映射,并且阐述了得到的QoE如何自然映射到SLA(Service Level Agreement)。通过仿真表明,IQoE2QoS算法对用户体验的分类准确度是线性回归算法的2到3倍。展开更多
文摘The cloud service level agreement(SLA)manage the relationship between service providers and consumers in cloud computing.SLA is an integral and critical part of modern era IT vendors and communication contracts.Due to low cost and flexibility more and more consumers delegate their tasks to cloud providers,the SLA emerges as a key aspect between the consumers and providers.Continuous monitoring of Quality of Service(QoS)attributes is required to implement SLAs because of the complex nature of cloud communication.Many other factors,such as user reliability,satisfaction,and penalty on violations are also taken into account.Currently,there is no such policy of cloud SLA monitoring to minimize SLA violations.In this work,we have proposed a cloud SLA monitoring policy by dividing a monitoring session into two parts,for critical and non-critical parameters.The critical and non-critical parameters will be decided on the interest of the consumer during SLA negotiation.This will help to shape a new comprehensive SLA based Proactive Resource Allocation Approach(RPAA)which will monitor SLA at runtime,analyze the SLA parameters and try to find the possibility of SLA violations.We also have implemented an adaptive system for allocating cloud IT resources based on SLA violations and detection.We have defined two main components of SLA-PRAA i.e.,(a)Handler and(b)Accounting and Billing Manager.We have also described the function of both components through algorithms.The experimental results validate the performance of our proposed method in comparison with state-of-the-art cloud SLA policies.
文摘Mostly, cloud agreements are signed between the consumer and the provider using online click-through agreements. Several issues and conflicts exist in the negotiation of cloud agreement terms due to the legal and ambiguous terms in Service Level Agreements (SLA). Semantic knowledge applied during the formation and negotiation of SLA can overcome these issues. Cloud SLA negotiation consists of numerous activities such as formation of SLA templates, publishing it in registry, verification and validation of SLA, monitoring for violation, logging and reporting and termination. Though these activities are interleaved with each other, semantic synchronization is still lacking. To overcome this, a novel SLA life cycle using semantic knowledge to automate the cloud negotiation has been formulated. Semantic web platform using ontologies is designed, developed and evaluated. The resultant platform increases the task efficiency of the consumer and the provider during negotiation. Precision and recall scores for Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) SLAs were calculated. And it reveals that applying semantic knowledge helps the extraction of meaningful answers from the cloud actors.
文摘Cloud computing is high technology, which fulfills needs of common as well as enterprise level to meet their information and communication technology requirements and so on. Cloud computing extends existing information technology capabilities and requirements. Many technologies are being merged with cloud computing, same as that orchestrations can boost cloud service provisioning process. The usage of orchestrations can play vital role to provision cloud services. Cloud service providers can create scalable cloud services at low cost by organizing cloud infrastructure by using cloud orchestrations. Dynamic orchestration flows can generate required cloud computing services to meet service level agreements and quality of services. There is a need to understand issues and barriers involved to integrate cloud orchestrations with cloud service provisioning process. There is also need to understand business related problems bordering cloud computing technology. There is much capacity to do targeted research work for cloud orchestrations and its integration with service level agreements as well as with SLI (service level integration) layer. In this article we have elaborated detailed analysis and identified a number of issues that will affect the cloud service users as well as cloud service providers and cloud service provisioning system. We are defining an approach to orchestrate cloud infrastructure by using orchestration flows, to generate cloud services in order to meet service level agreements and quality of standard.
基金This research work is funded by TEQIP-III under Assistantship Head:1.3.2.2 in PFMS dated 29.06.2021.
文摘On-demand availability and resource elasticity features of Cloud computing have attracted the focus of various research domains.Mobile cloud computing is one of these domains where complex computation tasks are offloaded to the cloud resources to augment mobile devices’cognitive capacity.However,the flexible provisioning of cloud resources is hindered by uncertain offloading workloads and significant setup time of cloud virtual machines(VMs).Furthermore,any delays at the cloud end would further aggravate the miseries of real-time tasks.To resolve these issues,this paper proposes an auto-scaling framework(ACF)that strives to maintain the quality of service(QoS)for the end users as per the service level agreement(SLA)negotiated assurance level for service availability.In addition,it also provides an innovative solution for dealing with the VM startup overheads without truncating the running tasks.Unlike the waiting cost and service cost tradeoff-based systems or threshold-rule-based systems,it does not require strict tuning in the waiting costs or in the threshold rules for enhancing the QoS.We explored the design space of the ACF system with the CloudSim simulator.The extensive sets of experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the ACF system in terms of good reduction in energy dissipation at the mobile devices and improvement in the QoS.At the same time,the proposed ACF system also reduces the monetary costs of the service providers.
