Using modified Soil Conservation Service curve number method to simulate the role of forest in flood control in the upper reach of the Tingjiang River in China

To improve flood control efficiency and increase urban resilience to flooding,the impacts of forest type change on flood control in the upper reach of the Tingjiang River(URTR) were evaluated by a modified model based on the Soil Conservation Service curve number(SCS-CN) method. Parameters of the model were selected and determined according to the comprehensive analysis of model evaluation indexes. The first simulation of forest reconstruction scenario,namely a coniferous forest covering 59.35km^2 is replaced by a broad-leaved forest showed no significant impact on the flood reduction in the URTR. The second simulation was added with 61.75km^2 bamboo forest replaced by broad-leaved forest,the reduction of flood peak discharge and flood volume could be improved significantly. Specifically,flood peak discharge of 10-year return period event was reduced to 7-year event,and the reduction rate of small flood was 21%-28%. Moreover,the flood volume was reduced by 9%-14% and 18%-35% for moderate floods and small floods,respectively. The resultssuggest that the bamboo forest reconstruction is an effective control solution for small to moderate flood in the URTR,the effect of forest conversion on flood volume is increasingly reduced as the rainfall amount increases to more extreme magnitude. Using a hydrological model with scenarios analysis is an effective simulation approach in investigating the relationship between forest type change and flood control. This method would provide reliable support for flood control and disaster mitigation in mountainous cities.

智能审方系统+新型药学服务在改进静脉药物集中配置中心工作模式中的作用初探

目的:建立以新型药学服务模式为基础、以智能审方系统为支撑的全新静脉药物集中配置中心(PIVAS)药学工作模式,旨在更好地保障临床静脉用药的安全性、有效性。方法:2020年起,该院PIVAS先后更新了《静脉用药审方规则》、设计开发智能审方系统、推行审方药师岗前规范化培训、实施不合理医嘱点评等措施,设计完善了符合部队医院特色的审方软件,形成了智能“软件+药师”的复合审方模式,推进了促进临床合理用药的新型药学服务。将2019年(改进措施实施前)、2021年(改进措施实施后)全年PIVAS工作中各项指标作为考察对象,比较改进措施实施前后审方药师工作能力、工作效率、不合理医嘱率等多方面的数据变化。结果:改进措施实施后,每日审方药师由3名减少为2名;每日人均审核医嘱量提高了965.3条;长期医嘱审核时间由1.50 h缩短至0.67 h;均次排药时间由3.50 h缩短至1.50 h;日均手工退药减少了207.68袋;药师相关知识储备大幅提升,重点关注科室的不合理医嘱率均明显降低。结论:新型药学服务+智能审方系统在改进PIVAS工作模式中发挥了积极作用。新工作模式有助于提升药师服务的质量、实现药师的自我价值、保障患者用药合理性,此工作模式有望在部队医院推广使用。

Types of community health services selected by urban and suburban residents in Nanjing and influencing factors

Objective:The purpose of the current study was to determine the types of community health services selected by urban and suburban residents in Nanjing and the influencing factors in an ef-fort to improve the community health services to better meet the residents’demands.Methods:Between 15 May 2013 and 15 June 2013,eight community health service centers from four districts in Nanjing(Gulou District and Baixia District in urban areas and Jiangning District and Pukou District in suburban areas;two centers from each district)were selected using a stratified random sampling method of investigation sites.After an intercept interview with 487 community residents,univariate and multivariate analyses were performed by means of logistic regression.Results:Among the 487 users of community health services,there were 241 residents from urban areas(49.5%)and 246 residents from suburban areas(50.5%).Among the respondents,there were 191(39.2%)who usually received medical treatment from community health service institutions,including 74(38.7%)from urban areas and 117(61.3%)from suburban areas.The analysis showed that the factors which influenced urban residents in Nanjing to choose community health services for medical treatment included income,payment terms of medical fees,reasonable prices,medical fees,and expenses for medications,while factors influencing suburban residents to choose community health services for medical treatment included income,level of education,carrier,medical institutions selected when feeling severely ill,availability of preventive health services,availability of health counseling services,medical fees,and expenses for medications.Based on an analysis of the results by means of unconditioned binary logistic stepwise regression,the factors influencing whether or not the urban residents chose community health services for medical treatment included gender,age,level of education,payment terms of medical fees,treat-ment environment,and expenses for medications,while the factors influencing suburban residents included availability of preventive health services and expenses for medications.Conclusion:There was a difference between the types of community health services selected by residents in urban and suburban areas of Nanjing and factors influencing the selection of ser-vices were different.Community health service institutions in different areas should strengthen their own service capability according to the local residents’health demands.

A semantic web services discovery approach based on a mobile agent using metadata

Purpose-The success of web services involved the adoption of this technology by different service providers through the web,which increased the number of web services,as a result making their discovery a tedious task.The UDDI standard has been proposed for web service publication and discovery.However,it lacks sufficient semantic description in the content of web services,which makes it difficult to find and compose suitable web services during the analysis,search,and matching processes.In addition,few works on semantic web services discovery take into account the user’s profile.The purpose of this paper is to optimize the web services discovery by reducing the search space and increasing the number of relevant services.Design/methodology/approach-The authors propose a new approach for the semantic web services discovery based on the mobile agent,user profile and metadata catalog.In the approach,each user can be described by a profile which is represented in two dimensions:personal dimension and preferences dimension.The description of web service is based on two levels:metadata catalog and WSDL.Findings-First,the semantic web services discovery reduces the number of relevant services through the application of matching algorithm“semantic match”.The result of this first matching restricts the search space at the level of UDDI registry,which allows the users to have good results for the“functional match”.Second,the use of mobile agents as a communication entity reduces the traffic on the network and the quantity of exchanged information.Finally,the integration of user profile in the service discovery process facilitates the expression of the user needs and makes intelligible the selected service.Originality/value-To the best knowledge of the authors,this is the first attempt at implementing the mobile agent technology with the semantic web service technology.

Network selection algorithm based on AHP and similarity

In heterogeneous wireless networks, there are various kinds of service demands from the users. A network selection algorithm based onthe analytic hierarchy process （AHP） and Similarity is proposed to solve this problem. The services are divided into three classes： Conversational Class, Streaming Class and Interactive Class. According to the characteristics of each service, a different judgment matrix is assigned and then the AHP method is used to calculate the network attribute weights. Taking the dynamic changes in user demands and network environment into account, a formula based on Lance distance for computing the attributes similarity is derived to evaluate the degree of conformity between user requirements and network attributes, from which the similarity between the user requirements and network attributes is calculated and then the total similarity by weighting. The network with the largest total similarity is the best choice. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in improving the quality of service （QoS） according to the user requirements under three kinds of services.