Study on Construction of Service-oriented Government at Grass-roots Level and Development of Farmers' Professional Cooperatives

Features of farmers' professional cooperatives in China are introduced.The establishment of these organizations is spontaneous.Their operation shows self-government.And their targets are highly pertinent.Then,I analyze the existing problems in farmers' professional cooperatives and vacancy of government functions.These cooperatives are single in content,narrow in service field,not scientific in management mode,and low in efficiency.In addition,government policy support is not put in place for these cooperatives.In view of these situations,firstly,it is proposed to speed up construction of service-oriented government at grass-roots level and promote development of farmers' professional cooperatives.Secondly,it is suggested to set up awareness of service-oriented government and enhance guidance and service for farmers' professional cooperatives.Thirdly,we should increase financial support and guide these organizations to achieve a benign development.Fourthly,we should strengthen propaganda to raise popularity and influence power of these organizations.Fifthly,it is recommended to make clear the guidance and leading functions of regional supply and marketing cooperatives to raise service efficiency.Finally,we should establish scientific evaluation and incentive system to push forward healthy development of farmers' professional cooperatives.

Government-oriented Land Circulation from the Perspective of Social Governance

This paper firstly summed up institutional change of land circulation after the foundation of new China,analyzed main characteristics and internal drawbacks of government-oriented land circulation,discussed the governance cost of local government-oriented land circulation,and evaluated the governance performance on the basis of the transaction cost theory. Results show that local government-oriented land circulation is a resource allocation mode for maximizing benefits of an organization,and its microscopic functions and values are mainly encouragement and restriction,while its macroscopic functions are comprehensive administration of results of state policies. Finally,it put forward policy suggestions for improving local government-oriented land circulation: cultivating diversified rural land circulation modes and regulating acts of local officials; stressing that building harmonious land circulation mechanism is the responsibility of central government; setting up recognition mechanism of the public to local government.

Research on the Policy Orientation of Government in Agricultural Industrialization Development

Governmental functions in agricultural industrialization management are analyzed, mainly including supplying public products, providing property right security, managing and protecting resources and environment as well as stabilizing the agro-product market. The policy orientation promoted by the government in agricultural industrialization management is pointed out: formulating a series of macro-management planning to guide and regulate agricultural industrialization operation; fully playing the comprehensive coordinating role of "economic manager"; making and carrying out relevant laws and regulations to normalize the implementation of agricultural industrialization management. To implement the industrial management of agriculture and promote the construction of new countryside, governments at all levels should eliminate the institutional barriers, transform governmental functions gradually and prioritize planning, regulation, service and supervision, changing from merely management to playing the role of market mechanism. Meanwhile, economic, legal and administrative means should be properly adopted to advance the industrial management and the healthy improvement of modern agriculture.

Peasant Household Oriented Land Circulation from the Perspective of State Governance

Based on the state governance background of peasant household oriented land circulation,I analyzed characteristics of peasant household oriented land circulation.The characteristics mainly include uncertain definition of rural land circulation,significant off-media feature of land circulation,long-term land circulation contract,farmers' preference of peasant household oriented land circulation,and progressive path of land circulation.The essential feature is the progressive mode of land circulation.Under the existing property right,it realizes the perfect combination of modern production factors and traditional agricultural,and the combination of traditional family safeguarding function and modern social mutual growth spirit.Thus,it shows relative independence and manifests the idea of common prosperity.The opportunity cost of peasant household oriented land circulation is minimal,institutional cost will increase circulation risk,and what's more,the cost for state governance of peasant household oriented land circulation is minimal.It comes to conclusion that building proper and harmonious land circulation mechanism is responsibility of central government and favorable for healthy development of peasant household oriented land circulation.

On the Government Function Orientation in China's Agricultural Management Reform

Since the reform and opening up,China's market-oriented agricultural management reform has achieved remarkable results,but the reform has not yet been put in place,and there are some flaws in some areas of reform.To deepen the reform of government's agricultural management reform under the new situation,it is necessary to further define the boundary between government and market on the basis of following the general rules of world's agricultural development and considering China's special situation of agriculture,nail down the scope of government functions,pinpoint the key areas of reform,and actively promote the rapid development of China's characteristic modern agriculture.

Orientation of Government's Role in Building the Technology System of Circular Agriculture

This article expounds the economic characteristics of circular agricultural technology.Since the circular agricultural technology has characteristics and externality of public goods,the government participation is necessary in building the technology system of circular agriculture,in order to avoid "free rider" behavior in the consumption of public goods and internalize externality.We analyze the orientation of government's role in building the technology system of circular agriculture:the government is the leader,designer,organizer and regulator in building the technology system of circular agriculture;the government orientates the four roles precisely in building the technology system of circular agriculture,to ensure that they do not cross the line,but be indispensable all the while.

The Role of Government in the Socialization of Old- age Service

In the different stages of the development of the old-age service, the responsibility and function of the government will be different. In the new period, the government should redefine its role in advancing the socialization of the old-age service. The level of socialization of old-age services is not high, the lack of vitality of the pension market, the imperfect system and other problems arise because the government is not clear. The government should deal with the relationship between the main body of the market and avoid the ＇double failure＇ of the government and the market. The government should play a guiding role in the policy, laws and regulations and other aspects of good service work for the social services of the elderly to provide a good development environment.

Study on the Problem of Enterprise Sustainable Growth Based on the Creeds of Business Governance in Oriental Management

Academic and management circles have always been concerned about the problem of the enterprise sustainable growth. This paper attempts to discuss the issue from the perspective of creeds of business governance in oriental management. This paper first discusses the creeds of business governance＇s function in the enterprise＇s different growth stages. Then by analyzing the use of creeds in the development of Chinese traditional brand, Tong Ran Tang （TRT）, it is concluded that five enlightenments for Chinese enterprises sustainable development. That is, industriousness and thrift, the heart of benevolence and justice, paying attention to credibility, valuing laws and sustainable innovation.

“项目进村”对村庄治理机制的重构

“项目进村”是实现乡村产业振兴与集体经济可持续发展的关键,基于交易成本理论和治理机制的协同效应理论,结合安徽省YQ乡的案例分析,解读“项目进村”何以成功,并分析生产型治理对乡村治理机制的重构。研究发现:生产型治理通过发挥科层机制与合约机制的协同效应,能够降低项目的交易成本,实现“项目进村”;当合约机制的交易成本更低时,就会引致对科层机制的替代,但是当交易的非市场化程度较高时,就会不可避免地选择科层机制。科层机制是村庄“有项目”的基础,而合约机制的嵌入能够避免科层机制治理目标的异化,使得进村项目“得以落地”;合约机制是项目内生性嵌入村庄的过程,而通过与科层机制间的协同,能够避免合约机制治理能力的弱化,使得落地项目“得以持续”;通过生产型治理,可以从治理主体、产权结构、分配结构等方面打通乡村治理的关键痛点,为“项目进村”打下坚实的治理基础。

平台经济助力乡村振兴的基本逻辑、困境审视及实现路径

数字时代,平台经济逐渐融入“三农”领域。平台经济助力乡村振兴,体现了生产力与生产关系之间的互动,呈现了为农民创造自主、多样的发展机遇,指出了通向共同富裕目标的一种策略。通过分析平台经济助力乡村振兴的理论逻辑、历史演进和现实路径,指出在这推进过程中面临农民总体收入水平不高、农民对平台文化容纳度不够、乡村数字化人才储备不足、农民数字化生态建设意识薄弱、农民自治借助平台动力不足等问题,认为在精准理解平台经济与乡村振兴关系的基础上,以主体性振兴为视角,在乡村产业升级、乡村文化传承、乡村人才培育、乡村生态保护、乡村组织治理等层面提出对策建议,充分发挥农民在平台经济助力乡村振兴过程中的主观能动性。

基层治理中的“干部干、群众看”

在近年的基层政府公共服务实践中,“干部干、群众看”的现象普遍存在。这一现象的产生主要源于我国“为人民服务”的政府服务理念正在被“为顾客服务”的市场服务理念所替代,从而使原本“官民共治”的基层公共服务模式转换成了市场化服务模式。在我国“为人民服务”的理念中,“人民”从来都不是单一的个体,更不是顾客。“为人民服务”是为大多数人的共同利益服务,而不是为市场上差异化的个体利益服务。因此,以顾客为导向的西方公共管理理论在我国服务型政府构建中未必具有指导的适用性。立足于我国传统和现代的国家与社会关系,从为人民服务、党群关系、干群关系等中国式现代化的实践话语和经验中对服务型政府进行本土化重构是可行之道。

董事会断裂带、内部控制与审计质量——基于制造业上市公司的数据

断裂带的存在极容易使董事会形成不同的子群体,而子群体间的相互作用又会反向牵制和干扰董事会的监督能力,进而影响审计质量。以2013—2021年中国沪深A股制造业上市公司为样本,探究董事会断裂带对审计质量的影响。研究发现:首先,董事会断裂带与审计质量呈倒U形关系,断裂带异常会干扰公司董事会监督职能的正常发挥,从而影响审计质量;其次,董事会断裂带与审计质量的倒U形关系主要源于任务导向断裂带的作用,在企业成熟期更为显著;最后,内部控制能够削弱董事会断裂带对审计质量的影响,而良好的内部控制有助于缓解股东与管理层的代理成本,弥补董事会子群体间冲突带来的负面影响,在合理范围内有效地提升审计质量。

国际组织参与全球教育治理:价值、路向及特质

国际组织在全球教育治理中发挥着重要作用,对世界教育改革和发展产生了深刻影响。世界银行、经合组织、联合国教科文组织三大国际组织在参与全球教育治理进程中,其价值理念都呈现出新的转型特征,并直接影响着其参与全球教育治理的行动路向。综合分析,三大国际组织全球教育治理呈现出显著的时代特质:在治理范式上,教育知识生产功用共向彰显;在治理取向上,融合与分离中彰显独特价值;在治理生态上,价值转型与社会思潮相伴而生。

小农户联结新型农业经营主体的实践逻辑

基于可持续生计理论,从联结导向和治理机制两个维度出发,构建不同联结导向及其差异化治理机制的分析框架,探究小农户联结新型农业经营主体的实践逻辑。研究揭示了4种不同的联结类型及其治理机制:类型A(能力导向型联结-市场治理机制)强调市场机制在提升小农户生计能力中的作用;类型B(能力导向型联结-行政治理机制)通过政策扶持和环境优化提升小农户生计能力;类型C(权利导向型联结-市场治理机制)侧重于市场化方式激活农地“三权分置”改革红利,保障小农户生计权利;类型D(权利导向型联结-行政治理机制)则采用行政主导方式强化小农户生计权利保障。同时,小农户联结新型农业经营主体应以巩固拓展农地“三权分置”改革成效为契机,发挥“有效市场”和“有为政府”在联结过程中的作用,优化合作经营与可持续生计的协同制度体系。但是,小农户联结新型农业经营主体过程中,必须有效防范因生计能力不足和生计权利缺失导致的经营效能低下及其衍生风险。

工业园区生态环境导向开发(EOD)模式实现路径研究——以山东省滨州市为例

随着黄河流域国家战路的实施,滨州工业园区作为沿黄重点工业园区,承担着黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的重要任务,迎来了千载难逢的重要发展机遇,但同时面临诸多问题:一是水资源匮之,水生态环境治理困难突出;二是财政资金压力大,流域治理总体投人不足、投融资渠道不畅等问题;三是生态治理项目投资回报机制不健全,造血能力不足,可持续发展运营困难。为了解决这些难题,滨州工业园区探索实施生态环境导向开发(EOD)模式,促进园区绿色融合发展。

高效办成一件事:系统论视角下中国式效能政府建设现代化道路研究

“高效办成一件事”改革是政府深度优化政务服务流程、降低制度性交易成本、寻求中国特色行政改革路径的自主探索。此项改革作为深化“放管服”改革、进一步优化营商环境的战略举措,其理论价值超越了新公共管理模式的顾客导向,凸显了以人民为中心的服务型政府建设新理念。改革致力于通过明确“一件事”中各方主体的关联与权责,打破传统官僚体系边界,推动职能结构调整、资源配置优化及制度化协同,旨在向公众和企业提供全生命周期的集成化服务,实现跨部门、跨事项、跨区域、跨服务的统筹管理与流程再造。同时,改革强调绩效导向的结果价值,对于完善政府责任体系、促进高质量发展具有深远的战略意义。

任务型党组织:地方跨界治理的整合机制——以H省N市全域党建的地方实践为例

作为治理跨界事务的创新载体,任务型党组织旨在通过党的跨域建设来强化权威整合,前提是跨域吸纳,目标是有效行动。既不同于西方“政治—行政”二分和韦伯的科层制理论,也不同于议事协调小组、领导小组等“高位推动”的运作机制,任务型党组织既强调党组织的全域覆盖,又强调党建工作内容的全覆盖,形成组织嵌入机制、合作网络机制、融合党建机制和任务认领机制四种跨界事务治理的整合机制。地方实践对这一组织模式进行了丰富探索,旨在克服体制性壁垒,打破“碎片化”效应;克服物理性壁垒,打破“边际化”效应。结合地方实践,提出“组织吸纳—权威整合—主体行动”的分析框架:通过吸纳性制度构建实现跨界吸纳,提升组织的吸纳力;通过跨域党建实现跨界整合,提升权威的整合力;通过激励赋能实现跨界协同,提升主体的行动力。

国家治理现代化视域下服务型政府的职能优化与机制创新

实现国家治理现代化是进一步全面深化改革新形势下行政体制改革的总体目标,更是全面推进服务型政府建设的必然要求。国家治理现代化要求构建系统完备、科学规范、运行高效的党和国家机构职能体系,建立健全科学的权力和权利配置机制,逐步实现政府有效限权、放权和分权,这为政府职能优化指明了改革的路径和方向。政府职能的划定与执行伴随经济与社会的变迁而呈现出动态的调整与演进特征,经历了从全能统揽到有限恰当的职能调整,从管制约束到服务推动的目标转变,从运动粗放到长效规范的方式优化,从失衡偏向到协调公平的政策设计,从单一控制到多元共治的主体扩展。建设服务型政府必须转变传统的政府运行机制和制度体系,努力构建民主科学、公开透明和社会广泛参与的体制机制。服务型政府运行机制建设必须坚持服务原则、效能原则和透明原则,探索完善决策机制、公开化机制、竞争机制、参与机制和创新机制。服务型政府的职能优化与机制创新研究有助于推进我国政治体制和政府治理逐步改革和完善,可以为进一步进行理论与实践创新奠定坚实的基础。