Routing protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks(MANETs)operate with Expanding Ring Search(ERS)mechanism to avoid ooding in the network while tracing step.ERS mechanism searches the network with discerning Time to Live(TTL...Routing protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks(MANETs)operate with Expanding Ring Search(ERS)mechanism to avoid ooding in the network while tracing step.ERS mechanism searches the network with discerning Time to Live(TTL)values described by respective routing protocol that save both energy and time.This work exploits the relation between the TTL value of a packet,trafc on a node and ERS mechanism for routing in MANETs and achieves an Adaptive ERS based Per Hop Behavior(AERSPHB)rendition of requests handling.Each search request is classied based on ERS attributes and then processed for routing while monitoring the node trafc.Two algorithms are designed and examined for performance under exhaustive parametric setup and employed on adaptive premises to enhance the performance of the network.The network is tested under congestion scenario that is based on buffer utilization at node level and link utilization via back-off stage of Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance(CSMA/CA).Both the link and node level congestion is handled through retransmission and rerouting the packets based on ERS parameters.The aim is to drop the packets that are exhausting the network energy whereas forward the packets nearer to the destination with priority.Extensive simulations are carried out for network scalability,node speed and network terrain size.Our results show that the proposed models attain evident performance enhancement.展开更多
Currently,there are many problems requiring to be solved urgently in the rural economic development in China,including farmers' difficulties in getting loans,difficulties in agricultural financing of small and med...Currently,there are many problems requiring to be solved urgently in the rural economic development in China,including farmers' difficulties in getting loans,difficulties in agricultural financing of small and medium-sized enterprises,disconnection of funds chain and serious information asymmetry.The roots of these problems are inadequate financial support and single as well as backward service pattern.The development of rural economy and improvement of farmers' life depend in large measure upon rural financial service system.Rural financial business system in western developed countries mainly consists of policy finance,cooperative finance and commercial finance[1].Development of land finance provides powerful fund circulation for rural finance.Western countries have relatively advanced legal systems and policies for rural financial support with land mortgage and land guarantee as the main methods,which can be used as reference,such as construction of rural financial system,innovation of rural financial service as well as supervision and control of rural financial risks.Through introducing relevant features of foreign farmland finance,this article discusses service innovation in the reform of China's rural financial system.展开更多
What will the Post in the world be like in 2005? At first glance, in view of worldwide structural changes, market liberalization and technological development, this question seems very hard to answer. However, without...What will the Post in the world be like in 2005? At first glance, in view of worldwide structural changes, market liberalization and technological development, this question seems very hard to answer. However, without being able to draw a precise picture of the future post services, it can be affirmed that all current providers of postal services will have to face a very different environment from the current one. The objective of this analysis is to contribute to the future development by examining at the worldwide and regional level the major variables influencing the postal industry's core business sector, the letter post, through analyzing the data published by the Universal Postal Union.展开更多
文摘Routing protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks(MANETs)operate with Expanding Ring Search(ERS)mechanism to avoid ooding in the network while tracing step.ERS mechanism searches the network with discerning Time to Live(TTL)values described by respective routing protocol that save both energy and time.This work exploits the relation between the TTL value of a packet,trafc on a node and ERS mechanism for routing in MANETs and achieves an Adaptive ERS based Per Hop Behavior(AERSPHB)rendition of requests handling.Each search request is classied based on ERS attributes and then processed for routing while monitoring the node trafc.Two algorithms are designed and examined for performance under exhaustive parametric setup and employed on adaptive premises to enhance the performance of the network.The network is tested under congestion scenario that is based on buffer utilization at node level and link utilization via back-off stage of Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance(CSMA/CA).Both the link and node level congestion is handled through retransmission and rerouting the packets based on ERS parameters.The aim is to drop the packets that are exhausting the network energy whereas forward the packets nearer to the destination with priority.Extensive simulations are carried out for network scalability,node speed and network terrain size.Our results show that the proposed models attain evident performance enhancement.
基金Supported by Doctoral Students'Creative Practice Project of "Research on Legal Problems about Capitalization of Rural Land Rights in China" in 2012 Launched by China University of Political Science and Law(2012 BSCX07)
文摘Currently,there are many problems requiring to be solved urgently in the rural economic development in China,including farmers' difficulties in getting loans,difficulties in agricultural financing of small and medium-sized enterprises,disconnection of funds chain and serious information asymmetry.The roots of these problems are inadequate financial support and single as well as backward service pattern.The development of rural economy and improvement of farmers' life depend in large measure upon rural financial service system.Rural financial business system in western developed countries mainly consists of policy finance,cooperative finance and commercial finance[1].Development of land finance provides powerful fund circulation for rural finance.Western countries have relatively advanced legal systems and policies for rural financial support with land mortgage and land guarantee as the main methods,which can be used as reference,such as construction of rural financial system,innovation of rural financial service as well as supervision and control of rural financial risks.Through introducing relevant features of foreign farmland finance,this article discusses service innovation in the reform of China's rural financial system.
文摘What will the Post in the world be like in 2005? At first glance, in view of worldwide structural changes, market liberalization and technological development, this question seems very hard to answer. However, without being able to draw a precise picture of the future post services, it can be affirmed that all current providers of postal services will have to face a very different environment from the current one. The objective of this analysis is to contribute to the future development by examining at the worldwide and regional level the major variables influencing the postal industry's core business sector, the letter post, through analyzing the data published by the Universal Postal Union.
