The objective of this study was to determine the differences of aroma and taste in three black sesame originsbefore and after processing via flavor and widely metabolomics.By analyzing the sensory characteristics and ...The objective of this study was to determine the differences of aroma and taste in three black sesame originsbefore and after processing via flavor and widely metabolomics.By analyzing the sensory characteristics and metabolites of raw and treated black sesame from China,Vietnam,and Myanmar,treated Chinese sesame have the most significant change in hardness after thermal processing,low viscosity and was easy to chew.The electronic nose could distinguish between raw and treated sesame due to the aroma distribution.The reason of treated sesame from China was“fragrant”is due to the highest content(2545.50μg/kg)of total pyrazines including 2,5-dimethylpyrazine,2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine,2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine,3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine.933 metabolites were detected via a wide targeted metabolomics in the taste of raw and treated sesame.Based on the analysis of metabolites related to bitterness,145 substances were selected.The main bitter contributors may be amino acids,dipeptides and organic acids.展开更多
The study explored the influence of defatted flaxseed gum powder(DFGP) on the stability and quality of sesame paste by measuring and analyzing its composition, color, texture, particle size, centrifugal oil separation...The study explored the influence of defatted flaxseed gum powder(DFGP) on the stability and quality of sesame paste by measuring and analyzing its composition, color, texture, particle size, centrifugal oil separation rate,rheological properties, and microstructure. The results showed that the moisture and polysaccharide content of sesame paste was increased as the DFGP increased. Additionally, the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of the sesame paste was improved, while the presence of particles with small particle size(1–100 μm) was decreased.The rate of oil precipitation was reduced by 28.99% when the amount of DFGP was 6%. The sesame paste samples exhibited pseudoplastic behavior, demonstrating shear thinning. As the shear rate increased, the apparent viscosity of sesame paste gradually decreased. Both the storage modulus(G’) and the loss modulus(G’’) increased as the shear frequency increased. The microstructure observation revealed that protein and oil were evenly distributed in the sesame paste system, and the addition of DFGP enhanced the bonding between oil and protein.This study can provide valuable references for high-quality sesame paste products in the food industry.展开更多
Sesame seeds are a healthy food ingredient and an oil crop for sesame oil production;however,it has recently been recognized as an essential allergenic food by FAO/WHO.This research investigated the relationship betwe...Sesame seeds are a healthy food ingredient and an oil crop for sesame oil production;however,it has recently been recognized as an essential allergenic food by FAO/WHO.This research investigated the relationship between the hot air roasting process(at 120,150,and 180℃ for 10,20,and 30 min)and several quality attributes of sesame seeds since roasting is the key process for preparing sesame seeds for both consumption and oil production.The hot air process followed the central composite design.The changes of sesame in terms of color,sensory properties(odor,texture,color,and taste),allergenicity caused by oleosins(ses i 4 and ses i 5),as well as oil extraction and quality were monitored using a colorimeter,sensory evaluation panelists,ELISA,as well as oil yield and acid value,respectively.Roasting temperature influenced the product quality more than roasting time,although the two processing parameters significantly interacted with each other(P<0.001).Sensory evaluation indicated medium roasting generated attractive flavor,order,appearance,and crispy texture.Allergenicity was high in sesame seeds after high-temperature roasting,according to IgE binding capacity test.Sesame oil extraction was favored by high-temperature roasting,which,however,adversely affected the oil quality.The optimal roasting conditions were 150.5℃ for 15 min for optimized sesame seeds quality in terms of sensory properties and allergenicity,while roasting at 158℃ for 10 min was optimal for sesame oil production.The finding will benefit the sesame seed industry.展开更多
Inappropriate use of fertilizers is one of the major production constraints in sesame. Studies on N fertilizer optimization on sesame were conducted at Humera Agricultural Research Center(Hu ARC) under rain fed and ir...Inappropriate use of fertilizers is one of the major production constraints in sesame. Studies on N fertilizer optimization on sesame were conducted at Humera Agricultural Research Center(Hu ARC) under rain fed and irrigation conditions. Thirteen(13) N doses were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design(RCBD)during 2016–2018 for rainfed conditions and 2017 to 2019 for irrigation conditions. The study was conducted with objective to optimize N fertilizer use for sesame. In the rainfed condition, the results demonstrated a prolonged duration to reach 50% flowering with higher nitrogen(N) application rates. The application of 52.5–110kg N ha^(-1) resulted in significantly higher seed yield, while lower(18 kg N ha^(-1)) and higher(156 kg N ha^(-1)) doses of N led to reduced seed yield. Under irrigation conditions, superior seed weights and maximum seed yield were observed at 64 and 75 kg N ha^(-1), whereas lower N doses resulted in diminished seed yield. The agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer(N-AE) was found to be highest at the rate of 64 kg N ha^(-1) under both growing conditions.The partial budget analysis revealed that applying 64 kg N ha^(-1) for rainfed cultivation and between 64 and 75 kg N ha^(-1) for irrigated sesame production yielded greater net profit, MRR, and residual ranking. Therefore, it is recommended to apply a rate of 64 kg N ha^(-1) for rainfed sesame cultivation and between 64 up to 75 kg N ha^(-1) for the irrigated sesame inorder to increase the productivity of this crop.展开更多
Trehalose and its precursor,trehalose-6-phosphate,play critical roles in plant metabolism and response to abiotic stresses.Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase(TPS)is a key enzyme in the trehalose synthesis pathway.Hence th...Trehalose and its precursor,trehalose-6-phosphate,play critical roles in plant metabolism and response to abiotic stresses.Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase(TPS)is a key enzyme in the trehalose synthesis pathway.Hence this study identified TPS genes in sesame(SiTPSs)and examined their expression patterns under various abiotic stresses.Totally,ten SiTPSs were identified and comprehensively characterized.SiTPSs were found to be unevenly distributed on five out of 13 sesame chromosomes and were predicted to be localized in chloroplasts and vacuoles of cells.Phylogenetic analysis classified SiTPS proteins into two groups(I and II),which was supported by gene structure and conserved motif analyses.Analysis of cis-acting elements in promoter regions of SiTPSs revealed that they might primarily involve developmental and environmental responses.SiTPSs exhibited different expression patterns in different tissues and under different abiotic stresses.Most group II SiTPS genes(SiTPS4-SiTPS10)were strongly induced by drought,salt,waterlogging,and osmotic stress.Particularly,SiTPS10 was the most significantly up-regulated under various abiotic stresses,indicating it is a candidate gene for improving sesame tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses.Our results provide insight into the TPS gene family in sesame and fundamental resources for genomics studies towards dissecting SiTPS genes’functions.展开更多
Sesame is Burkina Faso’s second essential agricultural export after cotton. It’s consequently a supply of income for producers and foreign exchange for the country. However, sesame production is characterized by low...Sesame is Burkina Faso’s second essential agricultural export after cotton. It’s consequently a supply of income for producers and foreign exchange for the country. However, sesame production is characterized by low average yields of about 538 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup> at the farmer’s field as compared to the potential yield of the improved varieties (1500 - 2000 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>). Fungal diseases are some of the major constraints to sesame production in Burkina Faso. The present study contributes to the development of means to control pathogenic fungi of this crop, which are responsible for significant losses. The objective is to identify the fungi associated with diseased sesame plant samples. To this end, 149 samples of diseased sesame plants were collected from different production sites located in three agro-climatic zones of the country. The analysis of the samples according to the blotting paper method, based on the morphological characteristics of the fungi, allowed the identification of 18 genera with prevalence rates from 2.68% to 97.98%. The most frequently identified genera were Macrophomina (97.98%), Cercospora (86.57%), Fusarium (85.23%), Phoma (62.41%) and Colletotrichum (61.07%). The results also showed a variable distribution of fungi according to the agro-climatic zone with the predominance of Macrophomina in all three zones. Molecular identification by DNA sequencing of 120 isolates belonging to the different fungi detected allowed the identification of 25 species of which the most representative were Macrophomina phaseolina, Cercospora sesami, Corynespora cassiicola, Alternaria simsimi, Alternaria porri, Fusarium oxysporum, F. fujikuroi, F. equiseti, Colletotrichum capsici, and C. gloesporiodes. The present study showed that diseased sesame plants collected from different production sites in Burkina Faso housed several species of fungi. The fungi presence in diseased plants indicates the need to inform and raise the stakeholders’ awareness about the phytosanitary problems of sesame, but also to develop effective and appropriate control methods against these crop pathogens in Burkina Faso.展开更多
Several fungal species are responsible for diseases that damage sesame crop and cause production losses. These seed-borne fungi cause serious damage by reducing seed germination. To identify the fungi associated with ...Several fungal species are responsible for diseases that damage sesame crop and cause production losses. These seed-borne fungi cause serious damage by reducing seed germination. To identify the fungi associated with sesame seeds in Burkina Faso, 72 sesame seed samples were collected from 24 localities in the main production areas (Sudanian zone, Sudano-Sahelian zone, Sahelian zone). These samples were submitted for seed health analysis using the blotting paper incubation method. The results obtained revealed that the seed samples were contaminated by various fungi, the main ones being: Fusarium spp. Link: Fr. infecting 97.22% of the samples, Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. (90.28%), Alternaria sesamicola E. Kawamura (83.33%), Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn (76.39%), Cercospora sesami A. Zimmerm. (73.61%), Phoma sorghina Boerema, Dorenbosch, & Van Kesteren (73.61%), Aspergillus flavus Link: Fr. (69.44%), Cladosporium sphaerospermum Penz. (56.94%), Rhizopus sp. Ehrenb. (40.28%) and A. niger Tiegh. (36.11%). In each seed sample, 0.25% to 94% of the seeds host one or more fungal species. Regarding the climatic zones, the results revealed that A. sesamicola and A. flavus were more represented in the Sudanian zone than in the Sudano-Sahelian and Sahelian zones;while P. sorghina, and C. sphaerospermum were more encountered in the Sahelian zone than in the other two zones. This study showed that the majority of sesame seeds produced and used by farmers in Burkina Faso host one or more species of fungi at high levels.展开更多
The efficacy of roasted sesame oil(SO)on the oxidation deterioration of sunflower oil(SFO)during heating was investigated.The concentrations of SO in the SFO were 0,10%,20%,and 30%by volume.The oxidation profile of oi...The efficacy of roasted sesame oil(SO)on the oxidation deterioration of sunflower oil(SFO)during heating was investigated.The concentrations of SO in the SFO were 0,10%,20%,and 30%by volume.The oxidation profile of oil samples was monitored by evaluating the generation of oxidation products and chemical alterations in the oils'composition during heating at frying temperature(180℃).The results showed that the oxidation parameters(free fatty acid,peroxide value,p-anisidine value,total oxidation status,thiobarbituric acid value,and color index)increased significantly in SFO compared to blends or SO during thermal treatment.During heating,the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)was reduced with increased level of saturated fatty acids;these results were observed more in SFO than those of SO or blend oils.However,the presence of SO in SFO reduced the decomposition of PUFA.In Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,the peak intensities were significantly altered in SFO compared to the blend oils during heating.Based on the most analytical data,it may be agreed that the heating at frying temperature led to the generation of relatively higher contents of oxidative products in SFO compared to blend oils,showing a lower degree of oxidation occurred in blends.The best frying performance for the SFO was achieved by using 30%SO extracted from the roasted sesame seed.This study showed the proper blending of high polyunsaturated oil with SO can produce oil blends with high nutritional values and enhanced stability for daily cooking and deep-frying applications.展开更多
Sesamum indicum has various biological effects,and this study aimed to investigate its hypolipidemic effect.A hyperlipidemia rat model was established by feeding rats with high-fat diets in this study,then the hyperli...Sesamum indicum has various biological effects,and this study aimed to investigate its hypolipidemic effect.A hyperlipidemia rat model was established by feeding rats with high-fat diets in this study,then the hyperlipidemia rats were fed with different doses of black and white sesame seeds and black and white sesame kernels.The serum and liver biochemical indicators of the rats were determined,and liver pathology analysis was conducted to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of sesame.The results showed that the blood lipid of SD(Sprague-Dawley)rats fed with high-fat diet for three weeks was higher than 200 mg/d L,indicating that the hyperlipidemia rat model was successfully established.At the same dose,the final body weights of the rats of white sesame seed and kernel groups were higher than those of the black sesame seed and kernel groups;and the weights of the black and white sesame seed groups were lower than those of the black and white sesame kernel groups.The liver indexes of the normal control group and the experimental groups were significantly lower than the model control group(P<0.05),indicating that black and white sesame seed and kernel could reduce the lipid accumulation on the liver.The malondialdehyde(MDA)values of the liver in the normal control group and the experimental groups were significantly lower than that in the model control group(P<0.05).The total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)in the liver of each experimental group were significantly higher than those in the model control group(P<0.05).Based on the above results as well as pathological observation and analysis,we found that the black and white sesame seeds and kernels could improve fatty liver lesions and lipid metabolism disorder and could reduce lipid accumulation on the liver,thereby protecting the liver from damage and reducing the risk of fatty liver.Moreover,black and white sesame seeds,black and white sesame kernels can reduce the levels of total cholesterol(TC)and triglyceride(TG)in serum,and high dose of black sesame seeds(30%black sesame seeds)and low dose of black sesame kernels(10%black sesame kernels)were more beneficial for the recovery of hyperlipidemia and fatty liver.The above results indicated that black and white sesame has hypolipidemic effect.展开更多
Authenticity of blended oil has drawn increasing attentions. In this study, sesamin was selected as marker of sesame oil to verify authentication of blended oil with sesame oil on label. A simple method based on liqui...Authenticity of blended oil has drawn increasing attentions. In this study, sesamin was selected as marker of sesame oil to verify authentication of blended oil with sesame oil on label. A simple method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combined with solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used to detect sesamin. It has high sensitivity with low limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) being 20 ng/mL and 70 ng/mL respectively. Recoveries from 80.16% to 102.50% in 4 different oils indicated it’s reliable to quantify sesamin in edible oil. Four blended oils were used as validation samples and results showed this method could effectively detect whether sesame oil exists. In this study, a simple method was proposed for sesamin determination by LC-MS/MS and SPE in edible oils for the first time and provided an effective guide to identify authenticity of blended oils.展开更多
基金Basic research business expenses(Y2023LM18)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI).
文摘The objective of this study was to determine the differences of aroma and taste in three black sesame originsbefore and after processing via flavor and widely metabolomics.By analyzing the sensory characteristics and metabolites of raw and treated black sesame from China,Vietnam,and Myanmar,treated Chinese sesame have the most significant change in hardness after thermal processing,low viscosity and was easy to chew.The electronic nose could distinguish between raw and treated sesame due to the aroma distribution.The reason of treated sesame from China was“fragrant”is due to the highest content(2545.50μg/kg)of total pyrazines including 2,5-dimethylpyrazine,2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine,2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine,3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine.933 metabolites were detected via a wide targeted metabolomics in the taste of raw and treated sesame.Based on the analysis of metabolites related to bitterness,145 substances were selected.The main bitter contributors may be amino acids,dipeptides and organic acids.
基金This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2100403)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI)+2 种基金the earmarked fund for CARS-14,the Innovation Group Project of Hubei Province(2023AFA042)the Key Research Projects of Hubei Province(2020BBA045)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Basic Research(3562).
文摘The study explored the influence of defatted flaxseed gum powder(DFGP) on the stability and quality of sesame paste by measuring and analyzing its composition, color, texture, particle size, centrifugal oil separation rate,rheological properties, and microstructure. The results showed that the moisture and polysaccharide content of sesame paste was increased as the DFGP increased. Additionally, the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of the sesame paste was improved, while the presence of particles with small particle size(1–100 μm) was decreased.The rate of oil precipitation was reduced by 28.99% when the amount of DFGP was 6%. The sesame paste samples exhibited pseudoplastic behavior, demonstrating shear thinning. As the shear rate increased, the apparent viscosity of sesame paste gradually decreased. Both the storage modulus(G’) and the loss modulus(G’’) increased as the shear frequency increased. The microstructure observation revealed that protein and oil were evenly distributed in the sesame paste system, and the addition of DFGP enhanced the bonding between oil and protein.This study can provide valuable references for high-quality sesame paste products in the food industry.
基金The authors would like to thank for the financial supports from the Anhui Key Research and Development Program,China(No.202104a06020016)Major Special Science and Technology Planning Project of Anhui Province,China(No.202203a06020021,No.202003b06020030,No.201903a06020024)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.PA2022GDGP0031).
文摘Sesame seeds are a healthy food ingredient and an oil crop for sesame oil production;however,it has recently been recognized as an essential allergenic food by FAO/WHO.This research investigated the relationship between the hot air roasting process(at 120,150,and 180℃ for 10,20,and 30 min)and several quality attributes of sesame seeds since roasting is the key process for preparing sesame seeds for both consumption and oil production.The hot air process followed the central composite design.The changes of sesame in terms of color,sensory properties(odor,texture,color,and taste),allergenicity caused by oleosins(ses i 4 and ses i 5),as well as oil extraction and quality were monitored using a colorimeter,sensory evaluation panelists,ELISA,as well as oil yield and acid value,respectively.Roasting temperature influenced the product quality more than roasting time,although the two processing parameters significantly interacted with each other(P<0.001).Sensory evaluation indicated medium roasting generated attractive flavor,order,appearance,and crispy texture.Allergenicity was high in sesame seeds after high-temperature roasting,according to IgE binding capacity test.Sesame oil extraction was favored by high-temperature roasting,which,however,adversely affected the oil quality.The optimal roasting conditions were 150.5℃ for 15 min for optimized sesame seeds quality in terms of sensory properties and allergenicity,while roasting at 158℃ for 10 min was optimal for sesame oil production.The finding will benefit the sesame seed industry.
基金supported financially by Tigray Agricultural Research Institute,Humera Agricultural Research Center.
文摘Inappropriate use of fertilizers is one of the major production constraints in sesame. Studies on N fertilizer optimization on sesame were conducted at Humera Agricultural Research Center(Hu ARC) under rain fed and irrigation conditions. Thirteen(13) N doses were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design(RCBD)during 2016–2018 for rainfed conditions and 2017 to 2019 for irrigation conditions. The study was conducted with objective to optimize N fertilizer use for sesame. In the rainfed condition, the results demonstrated a prolonged duration to reach 50% flowering with higher nitrogen(N) application rates. The application of 52.5–110kg N ha^(-1) resulted in significantly higher seed yield, while lower(18 kg N ha^(-1)) and higher(156 kg N ha^(-1)) doses of N led to reduced seed yield. Under irrigation conditions, superior seed weights and maximum seed yield were observed at 64 and 75 kg N ha^(-1), whereas lower N doses resulted in diminished seed yield. The agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer(N-AE) was found to be highest at the rate of 64 kg N ha^(-1) under both growing conditions.The partial budget analysis revealed that applying 64 kg N ha^(-1) for rainfed cultivation and between 64 and 75 kg N ha^(-1) for irrigated sesame production yielded greater net profit, MRR, and residual ranking. Therefore, it is recommended to apply a rate of 64 kg N ha^(-1) for rainfed sesame cultivation and between 64 up to 75 kg N ha^(-1) for the irrigated sesame inorder to increase the productivity of this crop.
基金funded by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI)the Key Research Projects of Hubei province(2020BBA045,2020BHB028)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-profit Scientific Institution(Y2022XK11).the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P.R.China.(KF2022002)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-14).
文摘Trehalose and its precursor,trehalose-6-phosphate,play critical roles in plant metabolism and response to abiotic stresses.Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase(TPS)is a key enzyme in the trehalose synthesis pathway.Hence this study identified TPS genes in sesame(SiTPSs)and examined their expression patterns under various abiotic stresses.Totally,ten SiTPSs were identified and comprehensively characterized.SiTPSs were found to be unevenly distributed on five out of 13 sesame chromosomes and were predicted to be localized in chloroplasts and vacuoles of cells.Phylogenetic analysis classified SiTPS proteins into two groups(I and II),which was supported by gene structure and conserved motif analyses.Analysis of cis-acting elements in promoter regions of SiTPSs revealed that they might primarily involve developmental and environmental responses.SiTPSs exhibited different expression patterns in different tissues and under different abiotic stresses.Most group II SiTPS genes(SiTPS4-SiTPS10)were strongly induced by drought,salt,waterlogging,and osmotic stress.Particularly,SiTPS10 was the most significantly up-regulated under various abiotic stresses,indicating it is a candidate gene for improving sesame tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses.Our results provide insight into the TPS gene family in sesame and fundamental resources for genomics studies towards dissecting SiTPS genes’functions.
文摘Sesame is Burkina Faso’s second essential agricultural export after cotton. It’s consequently a supply of income for producers and foreign exchange for the country. However, sesame production is characterized by low average yields of about 538 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup> at the farmer’s field as compared to the potential yield of the improved varieties (1500 - 2000 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>). Fungal diseases are some of the major constraints to sesame production in Burkina Faso. The present study contributes to the development of means to control pathogenic fungi of this crop, which are responsible for significant losses. The objective is to identify the fungi associated with diseased sesame plant samples. To this end, 149 samples of diseased sesame plants were collected from different production sites located in three agro-climatic zones of the country. The analysis of the samples according to the blotting paper method, based on the morphological characteristics of the fungi, allowed the identification of 18 genera with prevalence rates from 2.68% to 97.98%. The most frequently identified genera were Macrophomina (97.98%), Cercospora (86.57%), Fusarium (85.23%), Phoma (62.41%) and Colletotrichum (61.07%). The results also showed a variable distribution of fungi according to the agro-climatic zone with the predominance of Macrophomina in all three zones. Molecular identification by DNA sequencing of 120 isolates belonging to the different fungi detected allowed the identification of 25 species of which the most representative were Macrophomina phaseolina, Cercospora sesami, Corynespora cassiicola, Alternaria simsimi, Alternaria porri, Fusarium oxysporum, F. fujikuroi, F. equiseti, Colletotrichum capsici, and C. gloesporiodes. The present study showed that diseased sesame plants collected from different production sites in Burkina Faso housed several species of fungi. The fungi presence in diseased plants indicates the need to inform and raise the stakeholders’ awareness about the phytosanitary problems of sesame, but also to develop effective and appropriate control methods against these crop pathogens in Burkina Faso.
文摘Several fungal species are responsible for diseases that damage sesame crop and cause production losses. These seed-borne fungi cause serious damage by reducing seed germination. To identify the fungi associated with sesame seeds in Burkina Faso, 72 sesame seed samples were collected from 24 localities in the main production areas (Sudanian zone, Sudano-Sahelian zone, Sahelian zone). These samples were submitted for seed health analysis using the blotting paper incubation method. The results obtained revealed that the seed samples were contaminated by various fungi, the main ones being: Fusarium spp. Link: Fr. infecting 97.22% of the samples, Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. (90.28%), Alternaria sesamicola E. Kawamura (83.33%), Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn (76.39%), Cercospora sesami A. Zimmerm. (73.61%), Phoma sorghina Boerema, Dorenbosch, & Van Kesteren (73.61%), Aspergillus flavus Link: Fr. (69.44%), Cladosporium sphaerospermum Penz. (56.94%), Rhizopus sp. Ehrenb. (40.28%) and A. niger Tiegh. (36.11%). In each seed sample, 0.25% to 94% of the seeds host one or more fungal species. Regarding the climatic zones, the results revealed that A. sesamicola and A. flavus were more represented in the Sudanian zone than in the Sudano-Sahelian and Sahelian zones;while P. sorghina, and C. sphaerospermum were more encountered in the Sahelian zone than in the other two zones. This study showed that the majority of sesame seeds produced and used by farmers in Burkina Faso host one or more species of fungi at high levels.
文摘The efficacy of roasted sesame oil(SO)on the oxidation deterioration of sunflower oil(SFO)during heating was investigated.The concentrations of SO in the SFO were 0,10%,20%,and 30%by volume.The oxidation profile of oil samples was monitored by evaluating the generation of oxidation products and chemical alterations in the oils'composition during heating at frying temperature(180℃).The results showed that the oxidation parameters(free fatty acid,peroxide value,p-anisidine value,total oxidation status,thiobarbituric acid value,and color index)increased significantly in SFO compared to blends or SO during thermal treatment.During heating,the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)was reduced with increased level of saturated fatty acids;these results were observed more in SFO than those of SO or blend oils.However,the presence of SO in SFO reduced the decomposition of PUFA.In Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,the peak intensities were significantly altered in SFO compared to the blend oils during heating.Based on the most analytical data,it may be agreed that the heating at frying temperature led to the generation of relatively higher contents of oxidative products in SFO compared to blend oils,showing a lower degree of oxidation occurred in blends.The best frying performance for the SFO was achieved by using 30%SO extracted from the roasted sesame seed.This study showed the proper blending of high polyunsaturated oil with SO can produce oil blends with high nutritional values and enhanced stability for daily cooking and deep-frying applications.
基金supported by the Construction of Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System(CARS14-1-29)。
文摘Sesamum indicum has various biological effects,and this study aimed to investigate its hypolipidemic effect.A hyperlipidemia rat model was established by feeding rats with high-fat diets in this study,then the hyperlipidemia rats were fed with different doses of black and white sesame seeds and black and white sesame kernels.The serum and liver biochemical indicators of the rats were determined,and liver pathology analysis was conducted to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of sesame.The results showed that the blood lipid of SD(Sprague-Dawley)rats fed with high-fat diet for three weeks was higher than 200 mg/d L,indicating that the hyperlipidemia rat model was successfully established.At the same dose,the final body weights of the rats of white sesame seed and kernel groups were higher than those of the black sesame seed and kernel groups;and the weights of the black and white sesame seed groups were lower than those of the black and white sesame kernel groups.The liver indexes of the normal control group and the experimental groups were significantly lower than the model control group(P<0.05),indicating that black and white sesame seed and kernel could reduce the lipid accumulation on the liver.The malondialdehyde(MDA)values of the liver in the normal control group and the experimental groups were significantly lower than that in the model control group(P<0.05).The total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)in the liver of each experimental group were significantly higher than those in the model control group(P<0.05).Based on the above results as well as pathological observation and analysis,we found that the black and white sesame seeds and kernels could improve fatty liver lesions and lipid metabolism disorder and could reduce lipid accumulation on the liver,thereby protecting the liver from damage and reducing the risk of fatty liver.Moreover,black and white sesame seeds,black and white sesame kernels can reduce the levels of total cholesterol(TC)and triglyceride(TG)in serum,and high dose of black sesame seeds(30%black sesame seeds)and low dose of black sesame kernels(10%black sesame kernels)were more beneficial for the recovery of hyperlipidemia and fatty liver.The above results indicated that black and white sesame has hypolipidemic effect.
文摘Authenticity of blended oil has drawn increasing attentions. In this study, sesamin was selected as marker of sesame oil to verify authentication of blended oil with sesame oil on label. A simple method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combined with solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used to detect sesamin. It has high sensitivity with low limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) being 20 ng/mL and 70 ng/mL respectively. Recoveries from 80.16% to 102.50% in 4 different oils indicated it’s reliable to quantify sesamin in edible oil. Four blended oils were used as validation samples and results showed this method could effectively detect whether sesame oil exists. In this study, a simple method was proposed for sesamin determination by LC-MS/MS and SPE in edible oils for the first time and provided an effective guide to identify authenticity of blended oils.