Responses of Sesbania rostrata and S. cannabina to Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd toxicities were assessed by a seed-suspending seedbed(SSS) approach. The results showed that the SSS approach was suitable for testing the tolerance...Responses of Sesbania rostrata and S. cannabina to Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd toxicities were assessed by a seed-suspending seedbed(SSS) approach. The results showed that the SSS approach was suitable for testing the tolerance of a plant to the stress of toxic metals. The endpoints include seed germination success, straightened radicle and hypocotyl of the seedlings from the seeds. The measurements could be done easily and accurately. It was found that the elongation of radicle was the most sensitive indicator to the stress of heavy metals among the endpoints. When exposure to lower or medium concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd, the development of the lateral roots were favorable. Species of S. rostrata was more tolerant than S. cannabina to the heavy metals, especially to Zn and Cd. The ED 50 of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd were 32.90, 5.32, 4.40 and 12.00 μg/ml for S. rostrata, respectively, and they were 30.11, 2.87, 4.05 and 4.94 μg/ml respectively for S. cannabina.展开更多
Alkaline soils pose an increasing problem for agriculture worldwide,but using stress-tolerant plants as green manure can improve marginal land.Here,we show that the legume Sesbania cannabina is very tolerant to alkali...Alkaline soils pose an increasing problem for agriculture worldwide,but using stress-tolerant plants as green manure can improve marginal land.Here,we show that the legume Sesbania cannabina is very tolerant to alkaline conditions and,when used as a green manure,substantially improves alkaline soil.To understand genome evolution and the mechanisms of stress tolerance in this allotetraploid legume,we generated the first telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of S.cannabina spanning~2,087 Mb.The assembly included all centromeric regions,which contain centromeric satellite repeats,and complete chromosome ends with telomeric characteristics.Further genome analysis distinguished A and B subgenomes,which diverged approximately 7.9 million years ago.Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the chromosome homoeologs underwent large-scale inversion events(>10 Mb)and a significant,transposon-driven size expansion of the chromosome 5A homoeolog.We further identified four specific alkali-induced phosphate transporter genes in S.cannabina;these may function in alkali tolerance by relieving the deficiency in available phosphorus in alkaline soil.Our work highlights the significance of S.cannabina as a green tool to improve marginal lands and sheds light on subgenome evolution and adaptation to alkaline soils.展开更多
Sesbania rostrata is wellknown for its stem nodulation, but the roles of stem nodulation in root nodulation and adaptation of S. rostrata to Pb/Zn-enriched tailings environment has been poorly understood. We investiga...Sesbania rostrata is wellknown for its stem nodulation, but the roles of stem nodulation in root nodulation and adaptation of S. rostrata to Pb/Zn-enriched tailings environment has been poorly understood. We investigated the effects of inoculating (with stem nodule treatment) and non-inoculating (without stem nodule treatment) Azorhizobium caulinodans on the growth, root nodulation, and N fixation of S. rostrata grown on three different types of soil substrata: Pb/Zn tailings, garden soil amended tailings, and garden soil. The results showed that plant height, stem basal diameter, biomass, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content and N-accumulation per plant were 2.3%-4.9%, 2.2%-7.7%, 27.8%-72.2%, 17.1%-23.5%, 12.3%-34.2%, and 43.1%-131.2%, respectively, higher in treatments with stem nodule than those without stem nodule for the same soil substrate. With respect to soil substrata, all measurements had consistently higher values in tailings than in amended tailings and garden soil, indicating that the poorer the soil condition, the greater the contribution of stem nodule. In contrast, the number and fresh weight of root nodules on plants without stem nodule were 6.9-11.6 times and 5.8-29.0 times higher than those with stem nodule, respectively, especially with respect to the plants grew on Pb/Zn tailings. In general, stem nodulation favored plant growth and nitrogen fixation of S. rostrata, but suppressed root nodulation. With the ability of stem and root nodulation, S. rostrata can be used as a pioneer plant species for remediation of Pb/Zn tailings.展开更多
Objective:To search an herbal material,capable of inhibiting plaque producing bacteria Streptococcus mutans.Methods:Twenty materials comprising 10 flowers and 10 rhizomes were extracted with70% ethanol.Their activity ...Objective:To search an herbal material,capable of inhibiting plaque producing bacteria Streptococcus mutans.Methods:Twenty materials comprising 10 flowers and 10 rhizomes were extracted with70% ethanol.Their activity was then examined at a concentration of 10%(w/v) against Streptococcus mutans in vitro on Mueller–Hinton media.Erythromycin(Oxoid,20 mg disc) was used as a positive control.Meanwhile,to establish a fingerprint guide for authentication or quality control,the most potent material was further analyzed regarding its chemical constituents by means of reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and thin-layer chromatography(TLC).Results:Of the tested samples,Sesbania grandiflora(S.grandiflora) flower and Costus speciosus rhizome extracts showed the most potent activity with inhibited zone diameters of 18.5 and 14.8 mm,respectively.On the other hand,other extract plants showed a diameter zone in the range of 0.5–10.6 mm or being inactive(diameter=0 mm).The activity of S.grandiflora was comparable to that of erythromycin(diameter=18.0 mm).The best separation was achieved on HPLC system with acetonitrile-water with a ratio of2:8,and a flow rate at 0.5 m L/min.TLC,meanwhile,was featured on chloroform–methanol(8.5:1.5) as a mobile system.Conclusions:S.grandiflora flower is a promising material to be developed as the active ingredient of anti-plaque toothpaste as well as mouthwash solution.The developed HPLC and TLC system can be used for a further standard in its material authentication as well as for a fingerprinting of quality control during the manufacturing process.展开更多
Evaluation of 450 surface sterilized tissue segments of a seasonal wild legume, Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.), of coastal sand dunes and mangroves of southwest India yielded 546 isolates comprising 39 endophytic fungi ...Evaluation of 450 surface sterilized tissue segments of a seasonal wild legume, Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.), of coastal sand dunes and mangroves of southwest India yielded 546 isolates comprising 39 endophytic fungi with six dominant taxa (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium tenuissimum, Fusarium moniliforme, Penicillium chrysogenum and morpho sp. 1). A consortium of saprophytic, pathogenic and toxigenic fungi exists as endophytes in S. bispinosa. Number of segments colonized, number of isolates obtained, species richness and diversity were higher in S. bispinosa in mangroves compared to coastal sand dunes. Seeds yielded more fungal isolates, but species richness and diversity were low. In spite of low fungal colonization in root segments, the diversity was high. Up to 30-40 % endophytic fungi of S. bispinosa differed between coastal sand dunes and mangroves revealing partial host- and habitat-specificity. As S. bispi- nosa is extensively used as green manure and forage in southwest India, further studies especially on the bioactive compounds of its endophytic fungi might broaden its range of uses. In addition to conventional morphologicaltechniques, molecular tools would provide precise insight on the endophytic fungi of coastal sand dunes and mangroves.展开更多
The use of microbes and microbial products as bioherbicides has been studied for several decades, and combinations of bioherbicides and herbicides have been examined to discover possible synergistic interactions to im...The use of microbes and microbial products as bioherbicides has been studied for several decades, and combinations of bioherbicides and herbicides have been examined to discover possible synergistic interactions to improve weed control efficacy. Bioassays were conducted to assess possible interactions of the herbicide glufosinate [2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl) butanoic acid] and Colletotrichum truncatum (CT), a fungal bioherbicide to control hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata)]. Glufosinate acts as a glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitor that causes elevated ammonia levels, but the mode of action of CT is unknown. GS has also been implicated in plant defense in certain plant-pathogen interactions. The effects of spray applications of glufosinate (1.0 mM) orbioherbicide (8.0 × 104 conidia ml-1), applied alone or in combination were monitored (88 h time-course) on seedling growth, GS activity and ammonia levels in hypocotyl tissues under controlled environmental conditions. Growth (elongation and fresh weight) and extractable GS activity were inhibited in tissues by glufosinate and glufosinate plus CT treatments as early as 16 h, but CT treatment did not cause substantial growth reduction or GS inhibition until after ~40 h. Generally, ammonia levels in hemp sesbania tissues under these various treatments were inversely correlated with GS activity. Localization of hemp sesbania GS activity on electrophoretic gels indicated a lack of activity after 30 h in glufosinate and glufosinate plus CT-treated tissue. Untreated control tissues contained much lower ammonia levels at 24, 64, and 88 h after treatment than treatments with CT, glufosinate or their combination. CT alone caused elevated ammonia levels only after 64 - 88 h. Glufosinate incorporated in agar at 0.25 mM to 2.0 mM, caused a 10% - 45% reduction of CT colony radial growth, compared to fungal growth on agar without glufosinate, and the herbicide also inhibited sporulation of CT. Although no synergistic interactions were found in the combinations of CT and glufosinate at the concentrations used, further insight on the biochemical action of CT and its interactions with this herbicide on hemp sesbania was achieved.展开更多
Colletotrichum truncatum, grown on rice grain (3 to 4 weeks, 22°C to 24°C) produced a fungus-infested rice mixture of microsclerotia and conidia (spores) in a ratio of ~9:1, respectively. Greenhouse tests of...Colletotrichum truncatum, grown on rice grain (3 to 4 weeks, 22°C to 24°C) produced a fungus-infested rice mixture of microsclerotia and conidia (spores) in a ratio of ~9:1, respectively. Greenhouse tests of this formulation (0.4 to 50 mg finely-ground fungus-rice product) which applied pre-emergence to 5 cm2 of soil surface, caused 22% to 96% hemp sesbania plant mortality, after 14 days. Post-emergence treatment (fungus-rice aqueous formulation;2.4 × 105 microsclerotia ml-1, 30% unrefined corn oil and 0.2% Silwet L-77 surfactant) of weeds surviving the pre-emergence application, resulted in 93% mortality, after 14 days. Based on greenhouse results, field tests were undertaken: 1) pre-emergence treatment (fungus-rice formulation at 2.4 × 105 microsclerotia cm-2), 2) post-emergence (fungus-rice product in 30% unrefined corn oil, 0.2% Silwet) only treatment, applied 15 days after planting and 3) pre-emergence treatment followed by post-emergence treatment (fungus-rice product in 30% unrefined corn oil, 0.2% Silwet) applied 15 days after planting to surviving weeds. Control treatments were: 1) autoclaved rice product sans fungus, 2) unrefined corn oil (30% unrefined corn oil, 0.2% Silwet in water) and 3) untreated plants. Planting dates were: early season (April-May), early-mid season (June-July), late-mid season (July-August), and late season (September-October). Weed mortality was recorded at 15 days for the pre-plus post-treatment, and at 30 days after planting for the pre-emergence only and the post-treatment only. The early season, pre-emergence treatment caused 67% hemp sesbania mortality (3-yr average) within 15 days and the post-emergence treatment caused 91% mortality of the surviving weeds. In the late-mid-season, pre-emergence treatment caused minimal (<5%) mortality at 15 days, but mortality in the post-emergence treatment was >80%. Results suggest that seasonal environmental conditions are important in the efficacy of this C. truncatum-rice product formulation when applied pre- or post-emergence to this onerous weed.展开更多
The effects of sublethal concentrations of methanol extract of sesbania sesban plant on survival rate, egg laying of Bulinus truncatus snails, hatchability of their eggs, infection rate with Schistosoma haemato- bium ...The effects of sublethal concentrations of methanol extract of sesbania sesban plant on survival rate, egg laying of Bulinus truncatus snails, hatchability of their eggs, infection rate with Schistosoma haemato- bium miracidia, cercarial production and certain physiological parameters of treated snails were stu- died. The sublethal concentrations of the tested plant extract (LC0, LC10 and LC25) caused considerable reduction in survival rates;egg production of B. runcates snails;hatchability of eggs as well as in the infectivity of Schistosoma haematobium miracidia to the snail. Also, the tested concentrations reduced the cercarial production per snail and the period of cer-carial shedding. The glucose level in haemolymph of exposed snails was elevated while the glycogen, pro-tein content and the activities of hexokinase (HK), pyruvatekinase (PK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) showed a decrease in soft tissues when compared with the control group. It was concluded that the app lication of sublethal concentration of methanol ex- tracts of Sesania sesban may be helpful in snail con- trol as it interferes with the snails’ biology and phy- siology.展开更多
The review focuses on the phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of the medicinalplant Sesbania grandiflora L. It has a limited lifespan with beneficial properties. Therasapanchaka properties provide a broad spectr...The review focuses on the phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of the medicinalplant Sesbania grandiflora L. It has a limited lifespan with beneficial properties. Therasapanchaka properties provide a broad spectrum of traditional uses and benefits.Phytochemical studies and their isolated compounds (phenol, antiarol, erucic acid,isoflavonoids, kaempferol, etc.) have different therapeutic and pharmacological activities ondifferent diseases, such as antibacterial, antimicrobial, tuberculosis, ulcers, anti-arthritic,anti-cancer, etc. Different plant extracts are synthesised using different nanoparticles (Ag,CdO, ZnO, Au, etc.) to study their biological and physical properties and their effects ondifferent diseases. The plant is also known for its potential commercial applications, such asleaves as fodder, wood as firewood, and flowers as an ornamental ingredient. The study hasbeen carried out by referring to various research papers. The review highlights majorphytochemicals and their isolated compounds, their pharmacological properties,commercial and ethnobotanical uses, and their recent advances in research.展开更多
<strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of this study is to screen chemical composition and to evaluate the acute general toxicity of leaves aqueous extracts from <em>Sesbania pachycarpa</em> DC. (...<strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of this study is to screen chemical composition and to evaluate the acute general toxicity of leaves aqueous extracts from <em>Sesbania pachycarpa</em> DC. (Fabaceae), used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso to treat malaria, helminthiasis, and aqueous extracts of the leaves from Indigofera berhautiana Gillet (Fabaceae) used to treat hepatitis and typhoid fever. <strong>Methods:</strong> Aqueous decoction of leaves from <em>Sesbania pachycarpa</em> DC. or <em>Indigofera berhautiana</em> Gillett which are the form of use recommended by traditional health practitioners, were used for tests. Aqueous extracts used to evaluate the acute toxicity, were studied on mice of strain NMRI. For the toxicity study, the doses of the aqueous extracts were respectively 5 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg of body weight. Phytochemical screening was done to identify the phytochemicals contained in extracts. <strong>Results:</strong> Aqueous extracts of two species: <em>Sesbania pachycarpa</em> DC., <em>Indigofera berhautiana</em> Gillet were not toxic at the maximum dose of 2000 mg/kg of body weight. Phytochemical screening, showed coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols compounds, steroids and/or triterpenes and saponosides in the aqueous extracts of the two species. Alkaloids were identified in <em>Sesbania pachycarpa</em> aqueous extract.展开更多
The key reason for SO_(2) formation during the production of a residue hydrogenation catalyst support was identified and subsequent emission reduction solutions were then investigated and verified systematically.The r...The key reason for SO_(2) formation during the production of a residue hydrogenation catalyst support was identified and subsequent emission reduction solutions were then investigated and verified systematically.The results demonstrated that carbon-containing organic materials,including sesbania powder and cellulose,did not completely decompose over the temperature range of 350−600℃during the heating stage of the calcination process,but rather underwent a condensation reaction within the same temperature range to form carbon-containing species with a lower ratio of hydrogen to carbon and a higher condensation degree,which promoted the decomposition of sulfate to form SO_(2).Systematic experimental work revealed that three different measures,i.e.,applying the staged calcination method,reducing the heating rate,and increasing the air flow rate,during the calcination process could all achieve the effect of reducing SO_(2) emissions.展开更多
文摘Responses of Sesbania rostrata and S. cannabina to Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd toxicities were assessed by a seed-suspending seedbed(SSS) approach. The results showed that the SSS approach was suitable for testing the tolerance of a plant to the stress of toxic metals. The endpoints include seed germination success, straightened radicle and hypocotyl of the seedlings from the seeds. The measurements could be done easily and accurately. It was found that the elongation of radicle was the most sensitive indicator to the stress of heavy metals among the endpoints. When exposure to lower or medium concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd, the development of the lateral roots were favorable. Species of S. rostrata was more tolerant than S. cannabina to the heavy metals, especially to Zn and Cd. The ED 50 of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd were 32.90, 5.32, 4.40 and 12.00 μg/ml for S. rostrata, respectively, and they were 30.11, 2.87, 4.05 and 4.94 μg/ml respectively for S. cannabina.
基金This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28030000)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1500503,2022YFF1003401)+2 种基金Science&Technology Specific Projects in Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Area of the Yellow River Delta(2022SZX14)the earmarked fund for CARS-Green Manure(CARS-22)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(Y2022039).
文摘Alkaline soils pose an increasing problem for agriculture worldwide,but using stress-tolerant plants as green manure can improve marginal land.Here,we show that the legume Sesbania cannabina is very tolerant to alkaline conditions and,when used as a green manure,substantially improves alkaline soil.To understand genome evolution and the mechanisms of stress tolerance in this allotetraploid legume,we generated the first telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of S.cannabina spanning~2,087 Mb.The assembly included all centromeric regions,which contain centromeric satellite repeats,and complete chromosome ends with telomeric characteristics.Further genome analysis distinguished A and B subgenomes,which diverged approximately 7.9 million years ago.Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the chromosome homoeologs underwent large-scale inversion events(>10 Mb)and a significant,transposon-driven size expansion of the chromosome 5A homoeolog.We further identified four specific alkali-induced phosphate transporter genes in S.cannabina;these may function in alkali tolerance by relieving the deficiency in available phosphorus in alkaline soil.Our work highlights the significance of S.cannabina as a green tool to improve marginal lands and sheds light on subgenome evolution and adaptation to alkaline soils.
基金supported by the Guangdong Sci-Tech Planning Project (No. 2005B33302012,2008B020300011)
文摘Sesbania rostrata is wellknown for its stem nodulation, but the roles of stem nodulation in root nodulation and adaptation of S. rostrata to Pb/Zn-enriched tailings environment has been poorly understood. We investigated the effects of inoculating (with stem nodule treatment) and non-inoculating (without stem nodule treatment) Azorhizobium caulinodans on the growth, root nodulation, and N fixation of S. rostrata grown on three different types of soil substrata: Pb/Zn tailings, garden soil amended tailings, and garden soil. The results showed that plant height, stem basal diameter, biomass, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content and N-accumulation per plant were 2.3%-4.9%, 2.2%-7.7%, 27.8%-72.2%, 17.1%-23.5%, 12.3%-34.2%, and 43.1%-131.2%, respectively, higher in treatments with stem nodule than those without stem nodule for the same soil substrate. With respect to soil substrata, all measurements had consistently higher values in tailings than in amended tailings and garden soil, indicating that the poorer the soil condition, the greater the contribution of stem nodule. In contrast, the number and fresh weight of root nodules on plants without stem nodule were 6.9-11.6 times and 5.8-29.0 times higher than those with stem nodule, respectively, especially with respect to the plants grew on Pb/Zn tailings. In general, stem nodulation favored plant growth and nitrogen fixation of S. rostrata, but suppressed root nodulation. With the ability of stem and root nodulation, S. rostrata can be used as a pioneer plant species for remediation of Pb/Zn tailings.
基金Supported by Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta for granting this project(Ref.No.705/FF/A.3.II/XII/2014)
文摘Objective:To search an herbal material,capable of inhibiting plaque producing bacteria Streptococcus mutans.Methods:Twenty materials comprising 10 flowers and 10 rhizomes were extracted with70% ethanol.Their activity was then examined at a concentration of 10%(w/v) against Streptococcus mutans in vitro on Mueller–Hinton media.Erythromycin(Oxoid,20 mg disc) was used as a positive control.Meanwhile,to establish a fingerprint guide for authentication or quality control,the most potent material was further analyzed regarding its chemical constituents by means of reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and thin-layer chromatography(TLC).Results:Of the tested samples,Sesbania grandiflora(S.grandiflora) flower and Costus speciosus rhizome extracts showed the most potent activity with inhibited zone diameters of 18.5 and 14.8 mm,respectively.On the other hand,other extract plants showed a diameter zone in the range of 0.5–10.6 mm or being inactive(diameter=0 mm).The activity of S.grandiflora was comparable to that of erythromycin(diameter=18.0 mm).The best separation was achieved on HPLC system with acetonitrile-water with a ratio of2:8,and a flow rate at 0.5 m L/min.TLC,meanwhile,was featured on chloroform–methanol(8.5:1.5) as a mobile system.Conclusions:S.grandiflora flower is a promising material to be developed as the active ingredient of anti-plaque toothpaste as well as mouthwash solution.The developed HPLC and TLC system can be used for a further standard in its material authentication as well as for a fingerprinting of quality control during the manufacturing process.
文摘Evaluation of 450 surface sterilized tissue segments of a seasonal wild legume, Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.), of coastal sand dunes and mangroves of southwest India yielded 546 isolates comprising 39 endophytic fungi with six dominant taxa (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium tenuissimum, Fusarium moniliforme, Penicillium chrysogenum and morpho sp. 1). A consortium of saprophytic, pathogenic and toxigenic fungi exists as endophytes in S. bispinosa. Number of segments colonized, number of isolates obtained, species richness and diversity were higher in S. bispinosa in mangroves compared to coastal sand dunes. Seeds yielded more fungal isolates, but species richness and diversity were low. In spite of low fungal colonization in root segments, the diversity was high. Up to 30-40 % endophytic fungi of S. bispinosa differed between coastal sand dunes and mangroves revealing partial host- and habitat-specificity. As S. bispi- nosa is extensively used as green manure and forage in southwest India, further studies especially on the bioactive compounds of its endophytic fungi might broaden its range of uses. In addition to conventional morphologicaltechniques, molecular tools would provide precise insight on the endophytic fungi of coastal sand dunes and mangroves.
文摘The use of microbes and microbial products as bioherbicides has been studied for several decades, and combinations of bioherbicides and herbicides have been examined to discover possible synergistic interactions to improve weed control efficacy. Bioassays were conducted to assess possible interactions of the herbicide glufosinate [2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl) butanoic acid] and Colletotrichum truncatum (CT), a fungal bioherbicide to control hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata)]. Glufosinate acts as a glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitor that causes elevated ammonia levels, but the mode of action of CT is unknown. GS has also been implicated in plant defense in certain plant-pathogen interactions. The effects of spray applications of glufosinate (1.0 mM) orbioherbicide (8.0 × 104 conidia ml-1), applied alone or in combination were monitored (88 h time-course) on seedling growth, GS activity and ammonia levels in hypocotyl tissues under controlled environmental conditions. Growth (elongation and fresh weight) and extractable GS activity were inhibited in tissues by glufosinate and glufosinate plus CT treatments as early as 16 h, but CT treatment did not cause substantial growth reduction or GS inhibition until after ~40 h. Generally, ammonia levels in hemp sesbania tissues under these various treatments were inversely correlated with GS activity. Localization of hemp sesbania GS activity on electrophoretic gels indicated a lack of activity after 30 h in glufosinate and glufosinate plus CT-treated tissue. Untreated control tissues contained much lower ammonia levels at 24, 64, and 88 h after treatment than treatments with CT, glufosinate or their combination. CT alone caused elevated ammonia levels only after 64 - 88 h. Glufosinate incorporated in agar at 0.25 mM to 2.0 mM, caused a 10% - 45% reduction of CT colony radial growth, compared to fungal growth on agar without glufosinate, and the herbicide also inhibited sporulation of CT. Although no synergistic interactions were found in the combinations of CT and glufosinate at the concentrations used, further insight on the biochemical action of CT and its interactions with this herbicide on hemp sesbania was achieved.
文摘Colletotrichum truncatum, grown on rice grain (3 to 4 weeks, 22°C to 24°C) produced a fungus-infested rice mixture of microsclerotia and conidia (spores) in a ratio of ~9:1, respectively. Greenhouse tests of this formulation (0.4 to 50 mg finely-ground fungus-rice product) which applied pre-emergence to 5 cm2 of soil surface, caused 22% to 96% hemp sesbania plant mortality, after 14 days. Post-emergence treatment (fungus-rice aqueous formulation;2.4 × 105 microsclerotia ml-1, 30% unrefined corn oil and 0.2% Silwet L-77 surfactant) of weeds surviving the pre-emergence application, resulted in 93% mortality, after 14 days. Based on greenhouse results, field tests were undertaken: 1) pre-emergence treatment (fungus-rice formulation at 2.4 × 105 microsclerotia cm-2), 2) post-emergence (fungus-rice product in 30% unrefined corn oil, 0.2% Silwet) only treatment, applied 15 days after planting and 3) pre-emergence treatment followed by post-emergence treatment (fungus-rice product in 30% unrefined corn oil, 0.2% Silwet) applied 15 days after planting to surviving weeds. Control treatments were: 1) autoclaved rice product sans fungus, 2) unrefined corn oil (30% unrefined corn oil, 0.2% Silwet in water) and 3) untreated plants. Planting dates were: early season (April-May), early-mid season (June-July), late-mid season (July-August), and late season (September-October). Weed mortality was recorded at 15 days for the pre-plus post-treatment, and at 30 days after planting for the pre-emergence only and the post-treatment only. The early season, pre-emergence treatment caused 67% hemp sesbania mortality (3-yr average) within 15 days and the post-emergence treatment caused 91% mortality of the surviving weeds. In the late-mid-season, pre-emergence treatment caused minimal (<5%) mortality at 15 days, but mortality in the post-emergence treatment was >80%. Results suggest that seasonal environmental conditions are important in the efficacy of this C. truncatum-rice product formulation when applied pre- or post-emergence to this onerous weed.
文摘The effects of sublethal concentrations of methanol extract of sesbania sesban plant on survival rate, egg laying of Bulinus truncatus snails, hatchability of their eggs, infection rate with Schistosoma haemato- bium miracidia, cercarial production and certain physiological parameters of treated snails were stu- died. The sublethal concentrations of the tested plant extract (LC0, LC10 and LC25) caused considerable reduction in survival rates;egg production of B. runcates snails;hatchability of eggs as well as in the infectivity of Schistosoma haematobium miracidia to the snail. Also, the tested concentrations reduced the cercarial production per snail and the period of cer-carial shedding. The glucose level in haemolymph of exposed snails was elevated while the glycogen, pro-tein content and the activities of hexokinase (HK), pyruvatekinase (PK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) showed a decrease in soft tissues when compared with the control group. It was concluded that the app lication of sublethal concentration of methanol ex- tracts of Sesania sesban may be helpful in snail con- trol as it interferes with the snails’ biology and phy- siology.
文摘The review focuses on the phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of the medicinalplant Sesbania grandiflora L. It has a limited lifespan with beneficial properties. Therasapanchaka properties provide a broad spectrum of traditional uses and benefits.Phytochemical studies and their isolated compounds (phenol, antiarol, erucic acid,isoflavonoids, kaempferol, etc.) have different therapeutic and pharmacological activities ondifferent diseases, such as antibacterial, antimicrobial, tuberculosis, ulcers, anti-arthritic,anti-cancer, etc. Different plant extracts are synthesised using different nanoparticles (Ag,CdO, ZnO, Au, etc.) to study their biological and physical properties and their effects ondifferent diseases. The plant is also known for its potential commercial applications, such asleaves as fodder, wood as firewood, and flowers as an ornamental ingredient. The study hasbeen carried out by referring to various research papers. The review highlights majorphytochemicals and their isolated compounds, their pharmacological properties,commercial and ethnobotanical uses, and their recent advances in research.
文摘<strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of this study is to screen chemical composition and to evaluate the acute general toxicity of leaves aqueous extracts from <em>Sesbania pachycarpa</em> DC. (Fabaceae), used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso to treat malaria, helminthiasis, and aqueous extracts of the leaves from Indigofera berhautiana Gillet (Fabaceae) used to treat hepatitis and typhoid fever. <strong>Methods:</strong> Aqueous decoction of leaves from <em>Sesbania pachycarpa</em> DC. or <em>Indigofera berhautiana</em> Gillett which are the form of use recommended by traditional health practitioners, were used for tests. Aqueous extracts used to evaluate the acute toxicity, were studied on mice of strain NMRI. For the toxicity study, the doses of the aqueous extracts were respectively 5 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg of body weight. Phytochemical screening was done to identify the phytochemicals contained in extracts. <strong>Results:</strong> Aqueous extracts of two species: <em>Sesbania pachycarpa</em> DC., <em>Indigofera berhautiana</em> Gillet were not toxic at the maximum dose of 2000 mg/kg of body weight. Phytochemical screening, showed coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols compounds, steroids and/or triterpenes and saponosides in the aqueous extracts of the two species. Alkaloids were identified in <em>Sesbania pachycarpa</em> aqueous extract.
基金support from the China Petrochemical Corporation(Sinopec Group 121043-2).
文摘The key reason for SO_(2) formation during the production of a residue hydrogenation catalyst support was identified and subsequent emission reduction solutions were then investigated and verified systematically.The results demonstrated that carbon-containing organic materials,including sesbania powder and cellulose,did not completely decompose over the temperature range of 350−600℃during the heating stage of the calcination process,but rather underwent a condensation reaction within the same temperature range to form carbon-containing species with a lower ratio of hydrogen to carbon and a higher condensation degree,which promoted the decomposition of sulfate to form SO_(2).Systematic experimental work revealed that three different measures,i.e.,applying the staged calcination method,reducing the heating rate,and increasing the air flow rate,during the calcination process could all achieve the effect of reducing SO_(2) emissions.