Effects of Fertility and Density on Biomass Production,Translocation and Lodging Resistance of Millet(Setaria italica L.)in North China

In this study, the plant biomass production, biomass translocation rates across tissues and the lodging resistant-associated traits of millet （ Setaria italica L.） in North China were investigated. Among the four summer millet cultivars, Baogu 19 exhibited improved plant biomass （PB） production at flowering and maturity stages, biomass translocation amount （BTA） from vegetative tissues to seeds during filling period, and lodging resistant-associated （LRA） traits compared with other cultivars, including enhanced stem lignin contents, increased anti-broken resistance （ABR）, anti-puncturing resistance （APR）, and stem diameter （SD） of plants. Compared with treatment regular cultivation （RC）, high fertility treatment （HF） increased the plant BP, BTA from vegetative tissue to seed at filling stage, and the plant LRA traits; whereas high density treatment （HD） decreased the plant BP at plant level, plant BTA from vegetative tissues to seeds at filling stage, and the plant LRA traits. Correlation analysis revealed that stem ABR is significantly correlated with the plant lodging resistant-associated traits including APR and SD in the summer millet cultivars examined under various cultivation treatments. Our investigation indicates that cultivar Baogu 19 together with suitable fertilization and density can promote the plant biomass production, enhance vegetative tissue biomass translocation to seeds, and improve the lodging resistance of summer millet plants in North China.

The NAC-like transcription factor Si NAC110 in foxtail millet(Setaria italica L.) confers tolerance to drought and high salt stress through an ABA independent signaling pathway

Foxtail millet（Setaria italica（L.）P.Beauv）is a naturally stress tolerant crop.Compared to other gramineous crops,it has relatively stronger drought and lower nutrition stress tolerance traits.To date,the scope of functional genomics research in foxtail millet（S.italic L.）has been quite limited.NAC（NAM,ATAF1/2 and CUC2）-like transcription factors are known to be involved in various biological processes,including abiotic stress responses.In our previous foxtail millet（S.italic L.）RNA seq analysis,we found that the expression of a NAC-like transcription factor,SiNAC110,could be induced by drought stress;additionally,other references have reported that SiNAC110 expression could be induced by abiotic stress.So,we here selected SiNAC110 for further characterization and functional analysis.First,the predicted SiNAC110 protein encoded indicated SiNAC110 has a conserved NAM（no apical meristem）domain between the 11–139 amino acid positions.Phylogenetic analysis then indicated that SiNAC110 belongs to subfamily III of the NAC gene family.Subcellular localization analysis revealed that the SiNAC110-GFP fusion protein was localized to the nucleus in Arabidopsis protoplasts.Gene expression profiling analysis indicated that expression of SiNAC110 was induced by dehydration,high salinity and other abiotic stresses.Gene functional analysis using SiNAC110 overexpressed Arabidopsis plants indicated that,under drought and high salt stress conditions,the seed germination rate,root length,root surface area,fresh weight,and dry weight of the SiNAC110 overexpressed lines were significantly higher than the wild type（WT）,suggesting that the SiNAC110 overexpressed lines had enhanced tolerance to drought and high salt stresses.However,overexpression of SiN AC110 did not affect the sensitivity of SiNAC110 overexpressed lines to abscisic acid（ABA）treatment.Expression analysis of genes involved in proline synthesis,Na＋/K＋transport,drought responses,and aqueous transport proteins were higher in the SiNAC110overexpressed lines than in the WT,whereas expression of ABA-dependent pathway genes did not change.These results indicated that overexpression of SiNAC110 conferred tolerance to drought and high salt stresses,likely through influencing the regulation of proline biosynthesis,ion homeostasis and osmotic balance.Therefore,SiNAC110 appears to function in the ABA-independent abiotic stress response pathway in plants.

Genetic Analysis and Preliminary Mapping of a Highly Male-Sterile Gene in Foxtail Millet(Setaria italica L.Beauv.) Using SSR Markers

Breeding of male-sterile lines has become the mainstream for the heterosis utilization in foxtail millet,but the genetic basis of most male-sterile lines used for the hybrid is still an area to be elucidated.In this study,a highly male-sterile line Gao146A was investigated.Genetic analysis indicated that the highly male-sterile phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene a single recessive gene.Using F 2 population derived from cross Gao146A/K103,one gene controlling the highly male- sterility,tentatively named as ms1,which linked to SSR marker b234 with genetic distance of 16.7 cM,was mapped on the chromosome VI.These results not only laid the foundation for fine mapping of this highly male-sterile gene,but also helped to accelerate the improvement of highly male-sterile lines by using molecular marker assisted breeding method.

Identification of no pollen 1 provides a candidate gene for heterosis utilization in foxtail millet(Setaria italica L.)

Male sterility is a common biological phenomenon in plant kingdom and has been used to generate male-sterile lines, which are important genetic resources for commercial hybrid seed production. Although increasing numbers of male-sterility genes have been identified in rice(Oryza sativa) and Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana), few male-sterility-related genes have been characterized in foxtail millet(Setaria italica). In this study, we isolated a male-sterile ethyl methanesulfonate-generated mutant in foxtail millet, no pollen 1(sinp1), which displayed abnormal Ubisch bodies, defective pollen exine and complete male sterility. Using bulk segregation analysis, we cloned SiNP1 and confirmed its function with CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. SiNP1 encoded a putative glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase.Subcellular localization showed that the SiNP1 protein was preferentially localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and was predominantly expressed in panicle. Transcriptome analysis revealed that many genes were differentially expressed in the sinp1 mutant, some of which encoded proteins putatively involved in carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and lipid transport and metabolism, which were closely associated with pollen wall development. Metabolome analysis revealed the disturbance of flavonoids metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis in the mutant. In conclusion, identification of SiNP1 provides a candidate male-sterility gene for heterosis utilization in foxtail millet and gives further insight into the mechanism of pollen reproduction in plants.

增强UV-B辐射与不同水平氮素对谷子(Setaria italica(L．)Beauv．)叶片保护物质及保护酶的影响

研究了生长在1.875 mmol.L-1和15 mmol.L-1硝态氮素水平条件下的谷子(Setaria italica(L.)Beauv.)开花期间在进行强度为7.12 kJ.m-.2d-1增强UV-B辐射处理时叶片类黄酮含量、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和保护酶活性变化差异。主要结果表明在开花期无论是否进行增强UV-B辐射处理,较低水平氮素均比较高水平氮素更有利于提高谷子叶片PAL活性;叶片类黄酮含量除在进行增强UV-B处理时较低氮素条件下生长的谷子在开花末期显著高于较高氮素条件下生长的谷子外,受氮素水平影响不甚明显。而在开花期不进行与进行增强UV-B辐射处理,氮素水平对叶片保护酶的影响有所差异:不进行增强UV-B辐射处理,整个开花期氮素水平对谷子叶片SOD活性有显著影响而对ASP活性无显著影响,对CAT和POD活性则在开花期部分阶段有显著影响。进行增强UV-B辐射处理,整个开花期氮素水平对谷子叶片SOD与CAT活性有显著影响而对ASP、POD活性影响不显著。

古粟(Setaria italica Beauv.)研究综述

粟于中国北方俗称"谷子",脱壳后称"小米",南方则通称"小米",在古代粮食作物中的地位举足轻重。近世学者对粟的史前考古发现、起源与传播、稷的粟黍之争、生产与文化等方面行了研究,并且已经取得了很多成果,但在某些方面的探索还非常不够,如史前人类生活中粟作的地位与演变;古粟的栽培、储藏、加工与利用技术;历史上粟的生产布局、价格与产量的变动;粟与古代经济、政治、文化的关系等。今后应加强在这些方面的投入,不断拓展粟研究的深度和广度。

The application of Fourier transform mid-infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy to identify variation in cell wall composition of Setaria italica ecotypes

Cell wall composition in monocotyledonous grasses has been identified as a key area of research for developing better feedstocks for forage and biofuel production.Setaria viridis and its close domesticated relative Setaria italica have been chosen as suitable monocotyledonous models for plants possessing the C4 pathway of photosynthesis including sorghum,maize,sugarcane,switchgrass and Miscanthus×giganteus.Accurate partial least squares regression（PLSR）models to predict S.italica stem composition have been generated,based upon Fourier transform mid-infrared（FTIR）spectra and calibrated with wet chemistry determinations of ground S.italica stem material measured using a modified version of the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory（NREL）acid hydrolysis protocol.The models facilitated a high-throughput screening analysis for glucan,xylan,Klason lignin and acid soluble lignin（ASL）in a collection of 183 natural S.italica variants and clustered them into classes,some possessing unique chemotypes.The predictive models provide a highly efficient screening tool for large scale breeding programs aimed at identifying lines or mutants possessing unique cell wall chemotypes.Genes encoding key catalytic enzymes of the lignin biosynthesis pathway exhibit a high level of conservation with matching expression profiles,measured by RT-q PCR,among accessions of S.italica,which closely mirror profiles observed in the different developmental regions of an elongating internode of S.viridis by RNASeq.

Variations in chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis in Setaria EMS mutants

Chlorophyll (Chl) content,especially Chl b content,and stomatal conductance (G_s) are the key factors affecting the net photosynthetic rate (P_n).Setaria italica,a diploid C_4 panicoid species with a simple genome and high transformation efficiency,has been widely accepted as a model in photosynthesis and drought-tolerance research.The current study characterized Chl content,G_s,and P_n of 48 Setaria mutants induced by ethyl methanesulfonate.A total of 24,34,and 35 mutants had significant variations in Chl content,G_s,and P_n,respectively.Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between increased G_s and increased P_n,and a weak correlation between decreased Chl b content and decreased P_n was also found.Remarkably,two mutants behaved with significantly decreased Chl b content but increased P_n compared to Yugu 1.Seven mutants behaved with significantly decreased G_s but did not decrease P_(n )compared to Yugu 1.The current study thus identified various genetic lines,further exploration of which would be beneficial to elucidate the relationship between Chl content,G_s,and P_n and the mechanism underlying why C_4 species are efficient at photosynthesis and water saving.

谷子(Setaria italica L.)组蛋白修饰酶类基因的挖掘

组蛋白修饰是表观遗传学领域中一种重要的修饰方式,可经多种组蛋白修饰酶类催化产生。为了研究谷子(Setaria italica L.)基因组中组蛋白修饰酶类基因的特征,本研究利用比较基因组学的方法,以水稻(Oryza sativa)基因组注释信息为参考,对谷子的组蛋白修饰酶类基因进行挖掘,共发现80个谷子组蛋白修饰酶类相关基因,并根据组蛋白乙酰化酶/去乙酰化酶、甲基化酶/去甲基化酶绘制系统进化树,每部分都能根据其行使的功能聚类。组蛋白修饰酶类基因的鉴定是阐明不同生物表观遗传调控机制的重要步骤。本研究为详细探讨这些基因在谷子表观遗传修饰中的功能和作用提供初步的理论依据和参考。

Calcineurin B-like protein 5(SiCBL5)in Setaria italica enhances salt tolerance by regulating Na^(+)homeostasis

Salinity,a major abiotic stress,reduces plant growth and severely limits agricultural productivity.Plants regulate salt uptake via calcineurin B-like proteins(CBLs).Although extensive studies of the functions of CBLs in response to salt stress have been conducted in Arabidopsis,their functions in Setaria italica are still poorly understood.The foxtail millet genome encodes seven CBLs,of which only SiCBL4 was shown to be involved in salt response.Overexpression of SiCBL5 in Arabidopsis thaliana sos3-1 mutant rescued its salt hypersensitivity phenotype,but that of other SiCBLs(SiCBL1,SiCBL2,SiCBL3,SiCBL6,and SiCBL7)did not rescue the salt hypersensitivity of the Atsos3-1 mutant.SiCBL5 harbors an N-myristoylation motif and is located in the plasma membrane.Overexpression of SiCBL5 in foxtail millet increased its salt tolerance,but its knockdown increased salt hypersensitivity.Yeast two-hybrid and firefly luciferase complementation imaging assays showed that SiCBL5 physically interacted with SiCIPK24 in vitro and in vivo.Cooverexpression of SiCBL5,SiCIPK24,and SiSOS1 in yeast conferred a high-salt-tolerance phenotype.Compared to wild-type plants under salt stress conditions,SiCBL5 overexpressors showed lower accumulations of Na^(+) and stronger Na^(+) efflux,whereas RNAi-SiCBL5 plants showed higher accumulations of Na^(+) and weaker Na^(+) efflux.These results indicate that SiCBL5 confers salt tolerance in foxtail millet by modulating Na^(+) homeostasis.

Genetic Diversity and Classification of Chinese Elite Foxtail Millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.] Revealed by Acid-PAGE Prolamin

Arid and semi-arid regions of China account for more than half of the country. Because of drought resistance and high nutritive value, elite foxtail millet (Setaria Italica (L.) P. Beauv.) is one of the most important cereal crops in China. Evaluation of germplasm and genetic diversity of foxtail millet is still in its infancy, but prolamin could play an important role as a protein marker. To investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of foxtail millet from different ecological zones of China, 90 accessions of foxtail millet were collected from three major ecological areas: North, Northwest, and Northeast China. The prolamin contents were examined by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (acid-PAGE). Five to twenty-two prolamin bands appeared in tested varieties, of which were polymorphic, so prolamin patterns of foxtail millet varieties can be used in variety identification and evaluation. Structure analysis identified six groups, which matches their pedigree information but not their geographic origins. This indicated a high degree (87.78%) of consistency with a phylogenetic classification based on SSR. The results showed prolamin banding patterns were an effective method for analyzing foxtail millet genetic variability.

Haplotype variation and KASP markers for SiPSY1-A key gene controlling yellow kernel pigmentation in foxtail millet

Carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation are important in determining nutritional and commercial value of crop products.Yellow pigmentation of mature kernels caused by carotenoids is considered a vital quality trait in foxtail millet,an ancient and widely cultivated cereal crop across the world.Genomic regions associated with yellow pigment content(YPC),lutein and zeaxanthin in foxtail millet grains were identified by genome-wide association analysis(GWAS),and SiPSY1(Phytoene synthase 1 which regulates formation of the 40-carbon backbone of carotenoids)was confirmed as the main contributor to all three components by knockout and overexpression analysis.SiPSY1 was expressed in seedlings,leaves,panicles,and mature seeds,and was subcellularly localized to chloroplasts.Transcription of SiPSY1 in 15 DAP immature grains was responsible for YPC in mature seeds.Selection of SiPSY1 combined with increased YPC in mature grains during domestication of foxtail millet was confirmed.Haplotype analysis suggested that expression level of SiPSY1 could be a selection target for future breeding programs,and a KASP marker was developed for selection of favorable SiPSY1 alleles in breeding.The results of this work will benefit nutritional and commercial improvement of foxtail millet varieties,as well as other cereal crops.

NaCl处理谷子萌发期种子的转录组学分析

【目的】谷子具有抗旱、耐贫瘠的特性,逐渐成为研究禾本科作物的模式作物。本研究以前期筛选并获得的谷子耐盐品种和敏感品种为材料,通过RNA-Seq测序筛选鉴定谷子的盐胁迫响应基因,揭示其响应盐害机制,为培育谷子抗盐新种质提供理论依据。【方法】对14个谷子品种进行了萌发期抗盐筛选。谷子不同品种的种子经150 mmol·L-1NaCl处理萌发培养7 d后,分别统计各品种种子的萌发率、根长和芽长,综合各项指标鉴定到豫谷2为耐盐品种、安04为盐敏感品种。以这两个品种盐胁迫前、后萌发期种子为材料,应用RNA-Seq进行转录组测定,分析鉴定盐害下差异表达基因(differentially expression gene,DEG),并对DEG进行GO和KEGG功能富集分析。同时应用qRT-PCR对随机挑选的15个DEG表达模式进行验证,并与RNA-Seq结果进行相关性分析。【结果】耐盐品种豫谷2、盐敏感品种安04种子经盐胁迫处理后,分别鉴定出2786个和4413个DEG;其中,每个品种在NaCl处理前及处理后分别鉴定出1470和3826个DEG。GO和KEGG聚类分析显示,NaCl处理下参与信号转导、抗氧化、有机酸的合成及转运以及次生代谢等相关的DEG在谷子萌发期种子应对盐胁迫响应过程中具有关键性的作用,DEG主要集中在胁迫响应、离子的跨膜转运、氧化还原、次生代谢及有机酸、多胺、苯丙烷的合成等过程。qRT-PCR对15个DEG表达模式的检测结果与RNA-seq结果相关系数为0.8817。其中编码离子通道的基因(HKT)、过氧化物酶基因(POD)、黄烷酮-3-羟化酶基因(FL3H)、MYB转录因子基因等在豫谷2中表达量较高,显示其在谷子萌发期种子响应盐胁迫中可能发挥一定作用。【结论】谷子耐盐品种及盐敏感品种的种子对盐胁迫的响应程度具有一定的差异性,且品种对盐害的耐受能力主要与基因对胁迫的响应程度相关,而与DEG的数量相关性不大。

谷子SiRLK35基因克隆及功能分析

为探讨谷子(Setaria italica L.)耐旱抗逆机制,解析类受体蛋白激酶(receptor like protein kinase,RLKs)基因功能,进而为培育谷子抗逆新品种提供依据,本文以干旱处理的谷子"豫谷1号"为材料,通过i TRAQ技术筛选到1个干旱响应的类受体蛋白激酶基因,命名为SiRLK35。以谷子RNA反转录的单链cDNA为模板,经PCR扩增获取SiRLK35基因全长序列。应用qRT-PCR方法,对SiRLK35在NaCl、PEG、ABA、GA、Me JA等不同处理下的表达模式进行分析。进一步构建基因原核表达载体pET28a-SiRLK35,结合斑点法对SiRLK35的抗盐能力进行初步评价。同时构建过表达载体p CAMBIA1301P-SiRLK35转化水稻,并对转基因植株抗盐能力进行检测。结果显示:胁迫及激素处理均可不同程度诱导SiRLK35基因的表达;斑点法研究结果显示,在相同NaCl浓度的LB平板上,含有SiRLK35基因的原核表达载体的大肠杆菌菌株生长状态较阴性对照好,SiRLK35具有一定的抗盐能力;获得的转SiRLK35基因水稻植株对盐胁迫的耐受性高于对照。SiRLK35基因对不同胁迫均可以产生响应,但对盐胁迫的响应较为明显,推测该基因可能在谷子的抗盐及抗逆过程中发挥作用。

施氮量对谷子产量、氮素利用及小米品质的影响

【目的】明确不同施氮量下谷子产量、干物质分配和氮素累积转运特征,分析氮用量对小米糊化特性和有益微量元素含量的影响及其与植株氮素累积的关系,探究植株氮素营养对小米品质的影响。【方法】于2020—2021年在山西省沁县研究4个施氮水平(0、75、120和150 kg·hm^(-2))对春播谷子产量、氮素吸收与利用特征及小米品质的影响。【结果】施氮提高谷子收获穗数、穗粒数和植株的干物质生产能力,增加了氮素由营养器官向籽粒的转运率,促进了干物质及氮素向籽粒的分配,从而提高产量。施氮也提高了小米中铁、锌、钙、镁和硒的含量,其中,施氮75 kg·hm^(-2)时上述元素含量的增幅最大,氮利用率最高。与不施氮相比,施氮75 kg·hm^(-2)时谷子收获穗数、穗粒数、产量、地上部生物量、收获指数、氮素累积总量和氮素转运率增幅最高,增幅分别可达7.5%、23.3%、31.0%、21.2%、8.6%、40.3%和9.2%,小米中铁、锌、钙、镁和硒含量的增幅分别为37.2%、43.6%、56.0%、30.5%和16.9%。过量施氮(150 kg·hm^(-2))不利于谷子穗粒数和收获指数的提高及氮素由营养器官向籽粒的转运,与施氮量75 kg·hm^(-2)比较,两年氮素转运率分别降低了23.1%和28.2%;氮素施用过量也降低了小米支链淀粉含量,淀粉形成受限,抑制了小米粉最终黏度、回升值和峰谷黏度,影响糊化品质,同时氮肥利用率低至25%左右。谷子地上部氮吸收量与小米中铁、锌、钙、镁和硒含量呈极显著的正相关,但与小米中支链淀粉含量、小米粉的最终黏度和峰谷黏度呈显著的负相关。【结论】施氮量在75—120kg·hm^(-2),能促进谷子干物质及氮素向籽粒的分配,实现籽粒产量、小米糊化品质和有益微量元素含量的同步提升。

谷子MLO家族的全基因组鉴定和表达谱分析

MLO是高等植物特有的一类抗病家族,在响应非生物胁迫中发挥重要作用。为全面解析MLO基因在谷子基因组中的特征,本研究利用生物信息学的方法,从谷子基因组中共鉴定出12个MLO基因,并对其编码蛋白的结构特征、亚细胞定位、系统进化关系、保守氨基酸残基位点进行预测,分析MLO基因在不同组织中的表达特征。结果表明,谷子MLO基因编码的蛋白质均包含有一个MLO结构域和多个跨膜区,且大多定位于细胞膜上,并存在一些保守的氨基酸残基位点和基序;与其他物种MLO成员的聚类结果表明,谷子MLO可分为7个类群(Ⅰ~Ⅶ),其中第Ⅶ类全部由禾本科作物的MLO成员组成,这些可能是禾本科作物单独进化出的一类特有的MLO成员;Si MLO10与单子叶植物中已知的抗白粉病MLO基因聚在第Ⅳ类,是谷子中一个候选的抗白粉病基因,而单子叶和双子叶植物中已知功能的MLO成员分别聚在第Ⅳ、第Ⅴ类群,表明MLO功能的形成可能发生在单、双子叶植物分化之后。大多数MLO基因在谷子的根、茎、叶、穗中均有表达,且不同的基因表达量存在较大差异,说明谷子MLO家族成员可能具有不同的生物学功能。本研究结果为揭示谷子MLO基因的功能及其在谷子抗白粉病育种中的应用奠定了一定的理论基础。

谷子显性恢复基因的AFLP分析

赤峰显性核不育谷子是在谷子中首次发现的核不育材料,该材料的育性受2对核显性基因互作控制,一对是显性核不育基因Msch,另一对是显性上位育性恢复基因Rf。两者共同存在时显性上位育性恢复基因Rf能抑制显性核不育基因Msch的表达,从而表现可育。利用已构建的不育基因Msch的上位育性恢复基因Rf的近等基因系(NILs)为材料,通过对300对AFLP引物组合进行筛选,找到了与显性上位育性恢复基因Rf紧密连锁的2个AFLP标记(E15/M52和E20/M41),与不育基因的遗传距离分别是7.0c M和12.7 c M,而且位于不育基因的同一侧,标记间相距5.7 c M。

青花菜快速碱化因子RALF的克隆与序列分析

以一个与甘蓝显性核不育相关的差异表达片段序列为信息探针,在NCBI与TAIR网站数据库中进行同源EST序列搜索,经人工拼接、RT-PCR克隆与序列分析验证,获得了青花菜快速碱化因子RALF(Rapid Alkalinization Factors)基因的cDNA全长序列,命名为BoRALFL1(GenBank序列登录号DQ059310)。该cDNA全长240bp,编码79个氨基酸,与电子克隆获得的序列完全相同。序列分析表明,编码蛋白存在前导信号肽与多个磷酸化位点,与同源基因RALFL8核酸序列在88bp上有82%的一致性,推导的氨基酸序列在74个氨基酸上存在56%的一致性,不同植物间氨基酸序列N-端差异大,C-端具有较高的保守性。

谷子萌发期耐盐种质鉴定及应用

本研究利用不同浓度NaCl溶液对10份谷子(Setaria italica L.)种质进行处理,通过分析其萌发期的相对发芽势、相对发芽率、相对芽长以及相对根长等4项指标,明确了适于谷子萌发期耐盐性鉴定的NaCl浓度为180 mmol/L。在该浓度下,利用主成分分析和聚类分析等方法,对180份种质资源进行了耐盐性综合评价和等级划分。结果显示,除相对发芽率和相对芽长之间相关性不显著以外,其余指标之间均呈极显著正相关;主成分分析结果表明,这4项指标可作为谷子耐盐性评价的重要指标;聚类分析结果将180份谷子种质分为极端耐盐、耐盐、盐敏感和极端盐敏感4类;进一步采用隶属函数进行综合评价,筛选到硷谷、衡谷12、齐头白、K-3606和晋谷20等5份极端耐盐种质材料。最后,在该浓度处理下,对黑枝谷×长农35号(极端盐敏感×耐盐)F7代重组近交系遗传群体进行了初步分析,发现40份株系耐盐性等级频率分布近似正态分布,表明该群体适宜耐盐QTL挖掘。研究结果说明,在180 mmol/L NaCl处理下,通过谷子萌发期相对发芽势、相对发芽率、相对芽长和相对根长等4个指标能较好地区分不同种质耐盐性的差异。

基于96kSNP芯片的谷子成熟期性状全基因组关联分析

谷子成熟期性状表现是影响谷子产量和品质的重要因素。为揭示控制成熟期性状的遗传机理,开展理想性状标记辅助选择育种,调查了203个样本的成穗茎数、穗茎姿态、穗形状、颖壳色、颖果颜色、穗茎长度、单穗重、出谷率、总穗重等9个成熟期性状并进行基因组重测序,开展单核苷酸多态性SNP位点标记(使用了82738个保守位点)与成熟期性状的全基因组关联分析。结果表明,与成穗茎数、穗茎姿态、穗形状、颖壳色、颖果颜色、穗茎长度、单穗重、出谷率、总穗重关联的SNP关键位点在9条染色体上均有分布。