Evaluation of Length of Hospital Stay Joining Educational Programs for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Can We Control Medical Costs in Japan?

Diabetes has become a growing concern in Japan, both medically and financially. The medical cost of diabetes was estimated at 1215 billion yen for fiscal year 2011. We analyzed the length of stay (LOS) in a hospital for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who participated in educational programs to determine factors affecting LOS. Data on 991 patients obtained from 28 Red Cross hospitals in 2008 were used. For the analysis, we used the Box-Cox transformation model and Hausman test. The results revealed that patients aged 75 years and above and those with comorbidities and complications were prone to longer LOS. The analysis also revealed significant differences in LOS across the hospitals, even after controlling for patient characteristics. Finally, we applied the least squares method to determine the effects of hospital and regional factors and revealed that patients’ LOS was affected by the region’s average LOS. Regional corporations and networks appeared to be important in improving educational programs.

Effect of Medication Safety Education Program on Intensive Care Nurses’ Knowledge regarding Medication Errors

Background: Medication errors are the iceberg of patient safety in hospitals and leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients. Objectives: The study aim was to evaluate the effect of an educational program of medication safety on the knowledge of critical care nurses regarding intravenous medication errors. Methods Design: There are one group pretest and posttest designs. Subject: A convenient sample of all registered nurses (52) works in Palestine Medical Complex. Data collection tools: A self-administered knowledge determination questionnaire consists of both qualitative and quantitative statements to measure level of knowledge, used as data collection tool in pre and post educational sessions, with educational booklet as intervention tool. Statistical analysis: Data were analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Software Version 18. The results are presented as frequency & percentage as appropriate at alpha level of P < 0.05;inferential statistics were generated. Paired t-test was used to perform the comparisons. Results: There was statistically significant difference in the knowledge level for the intensive care unit’s nurses regarding the intravenous medication administration during pre and post education program. Statistical analysis showed that there was a statistically significant between age, educational degree, critical units/wards, years of nursing experience and previous medication administration education program of the nurses and their knowledge during different phases of program intervention. Conclusion: Educational program on medication safety improves the knowledge of critical care nurses regarding intravenous medication errors. This study recommends that medication errors should be periodically assessed by improving clinical guidelines of medication administration.

Practice and Exploration of Economic Benefit Evaluation of Medical Equipment in Our Hospital

Objective The evaluation index of medical equipment's economic benefit is based on the usage of medical equipment,the traditional data collection method is time-consuming,laborious and not entirely accurate.The usage of medical equipment is obtained by designing data query statements from the HIS system.Methods First the charging items are in correspondence with the device's name included,second fees and other relevant data are extracted from charging module in HIS.Through a rough estimate of the recovery period and an increase or decrease ratio,the economic benefit of the medical equipment can be analyzed.Results Through the method of the benefit analysis of the medical equipment,we can clearly find out the different economic benefit of the equipment,and finally analyze the reasons.Conclusion Practice has proved that,this methad,it can greatly reduce human,material resources required in data collection and improve the accuracy of the data.It can help hospital managers timely to grasp the operating costs of medical equipment and other information,and also provide scientific data for hospital managers when they purchase reasonable medical equipment.

Household Disposal and Recycling of Medication in Saudi Arabia: A Call for Introducing Drug Take-Back Programs

Background: Inappropriate disposal practices of medicinal products by households can harm nature. Alternatively, passing unused medications to friends and family members can have undesirable consequences as the quality of the product is in question. Objective: To investigate the disposal and recycling practices of medicinal products by households in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire designed to investigate disposal and recycling practices aimed at households in Saudi Arabia. Phone interviews were conducted with healthcare providers from hospitals and community pharmacies as well as medical charity representatives. A thorough search (Jun-September 2020) for disposal and recycling policies was performed on the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) and the Ministry of Health websites. Results: More than 900 participants were included in this study. Approximately 40% of respondents claimed to follow the SFDA recommendations for the disposal of unwanted medications in the wastebasket, whilst ≥6% preferred disposal via the toilet. On the other hand, 10% and 5% of households donated their unwanted over-the-counter and prescription-only medication products, respectively, to a person in need, without referring to healthcare professionals. Interviews with healthcare providers and medical charities revealed no drug take-back programs were currently available for households. The SFDA website provides a brief guide on the disposal of unwanted or expired medication. Conclusions: The absence of a clear drug disposal policy for households has created a gap allowing incorrect disposal practices that may lead to harming patients and/or the environment. The launching of drug take-back programs may lead to the provision of a clear consensus of governing bodies and healthcare providers on patient guidance for a safe drug disposal policy.

U. S. Academic Medical Centers Under the Managed Health Care Environment

This research investigates the impact of managed health care on academic medical centers in the United States. Academic medical centers hold a unique position in the U. S. health care system through their missions of conducting cutting-edge biomedical researeh, pursuing clinical and technological innovations, Providing state-of-the-art medical care and producing highly qUalified health professionals. However, policies to control costs through the use of managed care and limiting resources are detrimental to academic medical centers and impede the advancement of medical sciTo survive the threats of managed care in the health care environment, acadendc medical centers must rely on their upper level managers to derive successful strategies. The methods used in this study include qualitative approaches in the form of key informants and case studies. In addition, a survey questionnaire was sent to 1h8 CEOs in all the academic medical centers in the U. S. The findings revealed that managers who perform the liaison, monitor, entrepreneur and resource allocator roles are crucial to ensure the survival of academic medical centers, so that academic medical centers can continue their missions to serve the general public and promote their well-being.

某市预防接种人员对非免疫规划疫苗推荐意愿及影响因素分析

目的探讨某市预防接种医务人员对非免疫规划(expanded program on immunization,EPI)疫苗推荐意愿及影响因素。方法选取2021年8月—2022年12月聊城市疾病预防控制中心免疫规划管理所500名预防接种医务人员为研究对象。调查医务人员非EPI疫苗推荐意愿,并采用多因素logistic回归分析影响医务人员非EPI疫苗推荐意愿的危险因素。结果纳入的500名调查对象中,非EPI疫苗的推荐意愿率为65.20%(326/500),其中流感疫苗(flu vaccine,FLU)、水痘减毒活疫苗(live attenuated varicella vaccine,VarV)、b型流感嗜血杆菌疫苗(Haemophilusinfluenzae type b vaccine,Hib)、乙型肝炎疫苗(hepatitis B vaccine,HepB)的推荐意愿率分别为88.60%(443/500)、84.00%(420/500)、79.00%(395/500)和77.20%(386/500),其他5种非EPI疫苗的推荐意愿率为36.60%~58.00%。单因素分析显示,工作年限、收入是否与非EPI疫苗接种量有关、是否经历疫苗负性事件、是否认为预防接种工作有风险、疫苗接种流程、接种工作量及被推荐者态度不同者非EPI疫苗推荐意愿率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性别、年龄、文化程度、职称、工作岗位、非EPI疫苗知识是否知晓者非EPI疫苗推荐意愿率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,工作年限(OR=4.008,95%CI1.528~10.934)、经历疫苗负性事件(OR=4.870,95%CI 1.328~17.859)、疫苗接种流程(OR=5.275,95%CI1.541~18.063)、接种工作量(OR=4.773,95%CI1.413~16.122)及被推荐者态度(OR=5.778,95%CI1.772~18.838)是预防接种医务人员非EPI疫苗推荐意愿的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论某市预防接种医务人员非EPI疫苗推荐意愿总体处于较低水平,且工作年限、经历疫苗负性事件、疫苗接种流程、接种工作量及被推荐者态度均是其主要影响因素,建议完善非EPI疫苗预防接种保障措施,以提高预防接种医务人员非EPI疫苗推荐意愿。

中医药院校医工融合类专业实践项目管理平台的开发与实现

文章结合中医药院校医工融合类专业的特色,建立以多学科专业学生为主体,教师为引导,过程管理为重点,学生评价和项目评估为手段的一体化管理流程,旨在加强中医药院校多学科师生团队的专业思想交流,提升实践和创新能力,发掘更多优质的科创项目,推动成果转化落地,促进中医药创新发展。

八年制临床医学教育质量的学生评价与分析

基于全国11所八年制临床医学教育培养单位的毕业生调查数据,从培养入口、培养过程和培养出口三个层面对我国八年制临床医学生的培养状况、就读体验和职业发展进行实证分析。结果表明,我国八年制临床医学教育存在培养目标定位不够明确、教学方法较为单一、部分课程质量不高、毕业生科研能力发展欠佳、工作负担较重、职业满意度不高等挑战。为了提高八年制临床医学教育培养质量,要进一步从强化学生学习动机、丰富教育教学方法、重视学生科研能力培养、提高课程质量、明确培养目标、做好学生职业生涯规划等方面不断加以完善和改进。

美国公共医保仿制药替代制度评价研究——基于Medicaid计划的实证分析

本文以Medicaid计划为研究对象,分析美国公共医疗保险仿制药替代体系运行机制,定量评估其在节省医保费用和促进仿制药产业发展方面的作用,为我国医疗保险制度改革提供借鉴。

基于微信小程序的疼痛药物剂量设置工具研发与应用

目的研发关于疼痛药物剂量设置微信小程序,并测试其可用性。目的2020年1-2月,根据临床需求组建团队研发。3-4月,采用方便抽样法行预实验,选取某三甲医院的医生和护士各20名,分别使用该小程序和传统计算器进行不同阿片类药物的剂量转换(医生)及患者自控镇痛泵的药物参数设置(护士)各400次,比较所需时间及正确性,并采用易用性量表(USE)评价小程序。目的医生、护士运用小程序计算的准确率为100%,均高于传统方法(p<0.01);计算所需时间均快于传统方法(p<0.01);医生和护士USE量表的平均得分分别为6.56±0.20分、6.60±0.19分。目的研发的小程序为医生转换疼痛药物剂量提供参考,满足护士对镇痛泵参数的准确计算和设置的需求,医护人员的接受度较高,可用性好。

深圳市医学科技计划项目立项结题情况及发展策略

目的总结分析医学科技计划项目开展的现状、存在的亮点及问题,提出相应的发展策略建议。方法本研究采用横断面研究设计,分析2016—2021年深圳市立项的医学科技计划1880项基本情况以及2016—2017年已结题558个项目的绩效产出数据。结果2016—2021年度医学科技计划项目共立项资助1880项,共依托97家单位,总资助金额累计10亿,增长百分比93.9%。基础研究专项占资助项目总数93.4%,资助总金额6.1亿,占总项目资助金额60.3%。医学科技计划中医疗卫生机构类项目总计1692项,其中基层机构及区级医疗机构(未定级、一级、二级)资助力度较小,立项比例为7.2%,资助金额仅占医疗卫生机构类总金额3.0%。2016—2017完成结题项目558项,绩效指标包括发表文章、培养人才、科技奖以及专利申请数量,总计培养人才762名,申请专利448项,专利授权184项,发表论文2061篇。结论医学科技计划项目加强规划临床研究专项,建立多层级临床研究中心体系,完善科技项目管理各个环节机制、分层分类管理,强化科技成果转化应用四方面的支撑,逐步转向临床研究新方向。

“双一流”背景下医学院校交叉学科建设的路径探析

交叉学科是复杂性、异质性知识生产和学科创新发展的重要源泉和动力,也是“双一流”建设中特色优势学科增长点,交叉学科对“双一流”建设具有动力价值、本体价值和特色价值。本文通过对“双一流”建设背景下医学院校交叉学科建设的现状分析,从凝聚共识、发展特色、跨界协同、共建共享、重塑机制五个维度提出促进医学院校交叉学科建设的行动路径,以期为医学院校交叉学科建设提供价值参考。

医学生笔记平台的设计与开发

目的基于微信小程序设计并开发医学生笔记平台。方法通过小红书、知乎、微博查询和筛选整理有完整笔记并有分享意愿的作者,获取笔记的使用及分享权限,并进行所属专业的分类;通过微信开发者工具中的云发控制台,将笔记上传至云储存,并在云数据库保留访问链接,将名词解释与简答论述上传至云数据库;进一步利用JS进行小程序逻辑处理,通过WXSS和WXML对小程序前端界面进行页面渲染。结果最终收集并整理四个专业20个科目的笔记,其中临床专业14本,中医专业3本,护理专业2本,口腔专业1本,名词解释6020条,简答论述1437个。结论该研究初步设计并完成了医学笔记平台的开发,以期为医学生利用碎片时间学习提供帮助。

阶梯式沟通技能课程对农村订单定向医学生医患沟通能力培养的作用研究

背景本科医学教育阶段是培养农村订单定向医学生沟通能力的起点,为毕业后教育阶段的沟通能力培训及之后的职业生涯中与患者及家属、同行、其他卫生行业人员有效沟通奠定了基础。探讨如何提高医学院校教育阶段医患沟通教育质量,并提升此阶段农村订单定向医学生医患沟通能力具有重要的现实意义。目的探讨阶梯式沟通技能课程对农村订单定向医学生医患沟通能力培养的作用。方法于2019年9月,选取广西医科大学2019级农村订单定向医学生259名建立队列1,选取同级临床医学专业本科生262名建立队列2。队列1学生于2019年9月—2022年1月接受长达5个学期的阶梯式沟通技能课程培训,两队列学生均于2021年9月—2022年1月学习《医患沟通学》课程。比较两个队列学生的《医患沟通学》课程期末考试成绩、过程性考核成绩,调查队列1学生对阶梯式沟通技能课程的教学效果评价和满意度。结果农村订单定向医学生的《医患沟通学》期末考试总分及案例分析题、论述题得分高于临床医学专业本科生,单项选择题得分低于临床医学专业本科生(P<0.05)。农村订单定向医学生的《医患沟通学》课程过程性考试总分及信息收集、信息给予、协商解决、非语言沟通技巧使用维度得分高于临床医学专业本科生(P<0.05);建立第一印象维度得分与临床医学专业本科生比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。大于80.0%的农村订单定向医学生对阶梯式沟通技能课程的教学内容、教学方法、教学师资、课程编排、教学效果感到很满意/满意,>60.0%的农村订单定向医学生对阶梯式沟通技能课程在提升学习兴趣、增强接触困难患者信心、提高共情能力、提高医患沟通能力、提高语言表达能力、提高解决问题能力、提高团队协作意识方面表示很有帮助/有帮助。结论阶梯式医患沟通技能课程可明显提高农村订单定向医学生本科医学教育阶段医患沟通教育效果,促进培养医患沟通能力及其他综合能力素养。阶梯式课程模式是医学院校教育中培养医学生医患沟通能力的有效手段,并为全科医学毕业后教育及继续教育阶段开展沟通能力培训提供有益参考。

医工融合视角下的医学影像成像系统教学模式探索

健康中国战略的实施为医工融合、医工学科交叉带来了新的发展机遇,对医学类高等教育教学也提出了新的要求。文章全面阐述了面向医学学科高等教育阶段发展医工融合的意义和基本方法,并结合医学影像学专业不同年级学生的问卷调查结果以及医学影像成像系统课程教学进行了具体分析。医工融合背景下新教研模式的建立需要从深入研究并全面解读指导政策开始,然后进行交叉学科设计和学科交叉培养方案制定,进而将医工融合理念多样化地融入教学实践中,最终在教学实施过程中不断完善相关的评价和激励机制。

人文关怀教育在消化内科专业硕士研究生内镜教学中的应用

消化内镜诊疗技术是消化内科医师的必备技能,专业型硕士研究生在住培期间掌握胃肠镜操作,更有利于以后的职业规划和发展。消化内镜作为一项侵入性操作,患者可能会产生畏惧、退缩、焦虑等不良情绪,人文关怀能有效安抚患者情绪,提高医患配合度,广东医科大学附属医院内镜中心结合自身实际,在内镜初学者的操作教学中融入人文关怀的内容,制定内镜人才人文培养方案,培养学员“以患者为中心”的人文理念,在入科时进行规范化的入科教育,加强医德医风教育,让学员学会换位思考,与患者有效沟通,同时培养学员的学习主观能动性,提高操作技能,让学员从思到言再到行,日积月累中将人文素养刻入日常工作中,现对本院医学和人文相融合的教育实践进行总结,为内镜医学人文教育提供参考。

医科院校公共事业管理一流本科专业建设的对策

随着“健康中国”规划的实施和新一轮医疗卫生体制改革的深入,医科院校公共事业管理学科与专业建设的重要性日益凸显。在国家推动建设一流本科专业的背景下,本文旨在探讨与总结当前医科院校公共事业管理专业建设的现状及存在的问题,提出医科院校公共事业管理一流本科专业建设的对策,以期更好地满足培养应用型卫生管理人才的需要。

“双创”背景下大型综合院校医学本科生科研项目导师队伍的特点分析

目的:探究师资力量与“双创”项目之间存在的关系。方法:回顾性分析2013年至2019年7年期间“双创”项目信息数据。结果:医疗岗指导教师数量增加,且不同医学领域的导师职称级别分布存在显著差异。结论:医疗岗指导教师呈增加的趋势。医学技术类等其他类型项目中,指导教师的岗位来源和职称级别都存在一定不足,未来需进一步关注。

“双万计划”背景下医学影像技术专业建设的思考

精准医疗,影像先行。在新医科医学体系下,影像技师的工作将涉及医疗、教育、研究和管理的多个领域,因此,医学影像技术本科专业的内涵式建设与发展至关重要。“双万计划”作为推动高等教育内涵式发展的核心工程,为地方医学院校医学影像技术一流本科专业的发展带来了机遇。地方院校应在正视学校发展现状的基础上,将“双万计划”相关要求和元素融入医学影像技术专业建设的改革和实践中,结合自身优势,抓住发展机遇进行专业建设,开拓创新,以评促建,以改革促发展。在“双万计划”的背景下,应深入剖析医学影像技术专业建设的内涵,并从专业定位、人才培养模式、课程建设、教学改革、师资团队建设等方面进行探讨,以提高医学影像技术专业的人才培养质量。