A Study on Honeysuckle Pattern in Yungang Grottoes From the Perspective of Semiotics

Buddhism was introduced to China during the Han Dynasty and took root in China,integrating with local culture.The classic pattern of honeysuckle in Buddhism,as a type of border decoration,was also introduced to China with the eastward advancement of Buddhism.This article aims to conduct a semiotic study on the patterns of honeysuckle patterns in the Yungang Grottoes.Firstly,the concept of honeysuckle patterns was explained,and typical honeysuckle patterns that appeared in the Yungang Grottoes were systematically organized and classified.Then,with the help of semiotic principles,the production of symbols for honeysuckle patterns in the Yungang Grottoes was analyzed from a semiotic perspective.Based on this,the semiotic characteristics of honeysuckle patterns in the Yungang Grottoes and their signifier and referent systems were analyzed in depth.Finally,the shape and connotation of honeysuckle patterns in their evolution and development were summarized.The honeysuckle pattern occupies an important position in the history of traditional patterns in China,so the honeysuckle pattern in Yungang Grottoes,as a decorative theme,not only has important research significance,but its semiotic value is also worth exploring and studying.

Overall efficiency of a V-shaped nylon net fence in preventing sand damage to the Mogao Grottoes

A V-shaped nylon net fence installed in 1990 on top of the Mogao Grottoes is shown to be effectively resisting aeolian sand damage to the grottoes. The structure guides and causes deposition of sand from westerly wind （the primary hard wind）, but to some extent hinders the inverse function of easterly wind carrying sand away from the grottoes toward Mount Mingsha. The gobi side by the fence experiences higher wind speed, so that on which are easily formed undercutting pits, and the deposited sands on it generally form double-peak structures due to abundant sand sources. If the earth surface characteristics in gobi areas by both sides of the fence are quite varied, the erosion and deposition features of the accumulating sand section are similar in different seasons; however, if the earth surface characteristics are similar, the features become irregular in different seasons. Sand depositions with long slope feet are formed along the south and north sides of V-shaped nylon net fence. Disrupted by strong westerly wind and northwesterly wind, sand accumulations by north of the fence are in form of single peaks. Although the operation duration of the V-shaped nylon net fence has exceeded its design life （10 years）, our observations indicate that it is still effective in reducing wind-driven sand damages to the Mogao Grottoes, so it should not be withdrawn.

Concentrations,sources,and influential factors of water-soluble ions of atmospheric particles in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes,a world heritage site in China

Atmospheric particle pollution is one of the major factors leading to degradation of ancient wall paintings,particularly heritage sites in arid and semi-arid regions.However,current systematic research on the changes,sources,and influential factors of atmospheric particulate matter and its water-soluble ion concentrations is not sufficient.Thus,the major water-soluble ion concentrations,sources,and influential factors of atmospheric particles PM_(2.5) and PM_(10)(particulate matter with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter≤2.5 and 10.0μm,respectively,in ambient air)were collected from Cave 16 and its ambient exterior environment in the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes,China,between April 2015 and March 2016.Results showed that the concentrations of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) inside and outside the cave were the highest in March 2016 and the lowest in December 2015.The higher particle concentration from March to May was related to the frequent occurrence of sand and dust events,and the lower particle concentration from June to September was associated with good diffusion conditions,increased precipitation,and an established cave shelterbelt.The concentration of particulate matter inside the cave was affected by the concentration of particles in the air outside the cave.Ca2+,NH+4,Na+,Cl-,and SO2-4were the main components of the total ions of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) both inside and outside the cave.The total ions inside the cave were frequently affected by the disturbance of tourists'activities during the peak tourist season from May to August.Under the influence of dust,the total concentrations of Cl-,SO2-4,Na+,NH+4,and Ca2+in particles of different sizes inside and outside the cave increased,and the concentrations of Cl-,SO2-4,Na+,and Ca2+decreased during precipitation period.Backward air mass trajectory analysis suggested that the pollutants were mainly from Xinjiang,China.The pollutant sources of air particulates are straw burning,secondary pollution sources,soil dust,dry spring rivers,and tourist activities.

Grottoes Discovered in Tibet

ChinesearchaeologistShavediscoveredZI^sinZandaCOUnty,NgedOfTibet.Scatteredover3,onsquarekilometers,theyaretheremainsOfananciotkingdom.Grottoes Discovered in Tibet...

Original State of Grotto Eaves of the Daxiang Mountain Grottoes of Gangu County

Located in the east of Gansu Province, Gangu County in Tianshui City is the only way that people went to the Central Plains from the western regions in ancient times, and it's also an important node of the Grotto Culture Corridor of the Silk Road. Daxiang Mountain Giant Buddha Grottoes is the landmark of Gangu County. The giant Buddha statue stands among cliffs 200 meters high above the ground, and it is the second largest stone-base clay-sculpture Buddha in China. After going through thousands of years, the Giant Buddha Grottoes needs effective and scientific protection. This article was originated from the actual project—The Research on the Construction Technology of Wooden-structure Grotto Eaves in the Daxiang Mountain. This article f inished the rebuilding plan for the Buddha Grotto Eaves on the basis of analyzing historical documents, hole traces, morphological evolution and image demonstration.

Architectural Space of Kizil Grottoes Based on the Spirit of Place

As a Buddhist architecture,Kizil Grottoes have important spiritual and cultural value because of its religious spiritual attribute and its growth in a special geographical environment and historical and cultural background.By using the methods of literature collection and field investigation,and taking the place spirit as the theoretical guidance,this paper studies and discusses the architectural layout,spatial form and functional function of different types of caves,and seeks the correlation between architectural material form and consciousness spirit,thereby expounding the place spirit of spatial identity and cultural belonging contained in Buddhist architecture of Kizil Grottoes.

Longmen Grottoes

The Longmen Grottoes comprise more than 2,300 caves and niches carved into the steep limestone cliffs. These contain almost 110,000 stone Buddhist statues, more than 60 stupas and 2,800 inscriptions carved on steles. Luoyang was China＇s capital during the late North- ern Wei Dynasty （386-534） and early Tang Dynasty （618 907）, and the most intensive period of carving dates from the end of the fifth century to the mid eighth century.

Implementation of"impression Kizil grottoes"exhibition

Selecting Kizil grottoes as research target, this article discussed a new mode of integration of culture and science. Througha combination of website technologies HTML5 and PHP, ＂impression.Kizil grottoes online exhibition＂ is realized. The main functions include contents show, database connection operation, information publication and layout design, it can satisfy application requirements of dynamic website.

Tourist Translation of Three Famous Grottoes in China——From Perspective of Domestication and Foreignization

In recent years,with the deepening of reform and opening up and the success of the entry into the World Trade Organization,the tourism industry in China has been booing. More and more foreign tourists come to China. In the face of tourist's needs changing rapidly,how to accurately and appropriately introduce Chinese tourism resources to foreign tourists in order to promote Chinese and foreign exchanges and the development of tourism have already become a problem that can not be ignored.However,tourism narration as an important media to spread the Chinese tourism culture,the quality of it's translation is particularly important.

Redrawing Frescoes of Dunhuang Grottoes and Their Application in Costume History Research

This paper explores the relationship between costume history research and the redrawing of frescoes of Dunhuang Grottoes.Redrawing frescoes could provide evidences for costume history research,and the research can correspondingly help the redrawing.Redrawing frescoes,for the purpose of costume history study,must comply with some specific rules,which are different from those of other studies.The present study also discusses the methods to distinguish the original fresco colors that have faded or changed after more than one thousand years.

An Exploration of Tourism Translation Strategies from the Perspective of the Skopos Theory—A Case Study of English Introductions of Yungang Grottoes

Skopos Theory emphasizes that the purpose of translation is to allow readers to fully understand the content of the text,which coincides with the purpose of the tourism text.Taking world cultural heritage-Yungang Grottoes as an example,this thesis explores tourism translation strategies from perspective of Skopos Theory.

Yungang Grottoes

Yungang Grottoes are hailed as a miracle in Chinese art with time-honored history, large scale, rich contents and superb carvings. The whole Yungang Grottoes is dignified with prominent themes, and can be divided into east, central and west parts, and the niches are densely distributed like a honeycomb.

Yungang Grottoes and Buddhist Restoration

IT was in the year 453 that the monk Tan Yao hurried to Pingcheng (present-day Datong in Shanxi Province) through the barren Loess Plateau of

“象”与“意”:云冈石窟武术造像整理与研究

云冈石窟是我国古代佛教石窟造像的杰出代表,是中华民族的文化宝库,不仅在历史、宗教、艺术等方面具有重要的意义,在体育方面也有独特的内涵,具有极高的研究价值。文章从过往研究较少涉及的武术文史视角出发,运用文献资料法、实地调查法、图像分析法、三重证据法等研究方法对云冈石窟中的武术造像进行研究,对其数量、题材、布局、美学形态、文化意象进行全方位地梳理、归纳和探索。研究表明:云冈石窟共有163幅武术造像,涉及射箭、拳技、力士托举、持械四种项目,其宏观布局与微观动作等外在之“象”,以直观的和不可替代的方式印证了北魏时期中华武艺的历史演进,呈现出佛武合一下的东方硕武之美以及南北朝时代特有的胡汉民族融合之“意”。

麦积山石窟松鼠科动物排泄物清洗及其驱避防治

动物在古代壁画及彩塑表面活动常造成极难清除的排泄物污染,影响文物美学价值并引起其他类型病害。复齿鼯鼠(Trogopterus xanthipes)与岩松鼠(Sciurotamias davidianus)是常年活动于麦积山石窟及周边的两种松鼠科动物,其棕黑色的固液排泄物大量分布在石窟文物、喷锚崖体、栈道表面以及栿孔内部。本研究通过生物酶及表面活性剂配以4%吸水性树脂(SAP)的方法对污染区域进行贴敷处理,以筛选最适清洗试剂及工艺。结果表明,人工唾液处理前后色差最大,与对照区差异显著(色差值为8.311±0.798 CIELab单位,P<0.05),且洗净率最大(59.6%),是理想的清洗试剂。在此基础上分别采用金属驱避刺、辣椒素(CAP)以及超声波驱避器开展致害物种现场驱避实验。监测发现,三种驱避措施有一定差异性:金属刺对岩松鼠具有很强的驱避性,布设后其无法在有刺范围内活动,而喷洒辣椒素可明显降低复齿鼯鼠单日最大活动时长和日平均活动次数,两种松鼠科动物均可快速适应超声波,驱避有效期仅有5d左右。因此,针对不同物种可复合多种措施综合驱避。本研究可对遗产地动物排泄物清洗及有害物种驱避提供科学依据和实践指导。

原生文化视角下早期云冈石窟雕塑造型与体育身体文化的互动研究

文章以原生文化视角为切入点,从人类学、考古学和艺术史学的角度出发,通过对云冈石窟雕塑的解析及文献资料的整理,系统地剖析了这些雕塑的特征和意义,从早期云冈石窟雕塑造型体现的北魏时期体育身体运动的文化表征找出相应规律,挖掘云冈早期雕塑造型背后身体文化成因与特征,发现这些雕塑在形态上与体育运动有着密切关联,其中不乏舞蹈、武术等身体表现形式。

莫高窟文物保存环境的大气颗粒物背景浓度及化学组成

大气颗粒物是潜在威胁遗址与文物的一种大气污染物,颗粒物沉降或吸附后覆盖文物表面细节,降低其审美价值,并带来进一步的物理或化学侵蚀。通过分析莫高窟开放洞窟(16窟、257窟)、非开放洞窟(320洞窟)和窟外大气中各粒径颗粒物(总悬浮颗粒物TSP、粗颗粒物PM_(10)和细颗粒物PM_(2.5))背景和典型沙尘天气质量浓度及其碳组分和水溶性无机离子组分含量,获得文物保存环境中大气颗粒物的质量浓度及化学组成。各观测季节内,非沙尘天气窟内TSP质量浓度介于48.4~60.0μg/m^(3),PM_(10)质量浓度介于13.3~61.3μg/m~3,PM_(2.5)质量浓度介于9.9~59.2μg/m^(3)。洞窟是否向公众开放对窟内颗粒物浓度水平和组成的影响不显著,开放和非开放洞窟颗粒物质量浓度的I/O比值多小于1,显示窟内颗粒物主要源于室外。窟内颗粒物化学组成中,地壳源矿物尘多占据主导地位,在沙尘频发的春季占比介于53.0%至80.7%之间,冬季占比介于17.1%~44.0%。其他化学组分中,细颗粒PM_(2.5)中碳组分和总水溶性无机离子含量占比明显高于TSP和PM_(10)。冬季窟内PM_(2.5)质量浓度低于春季,但碳组分和无机离子浓度值和含量占比均高于春季(除去春季16洞窟),冬季碳组分和无机离子含量占比高达60%,其中酸性组分含量占比和可达30%。对莫高窟大气颗粒物的控制不能忽视细颗粒浓度及其化学组成的潜在危害。

山西晋中北魏至北齐中小石窟初探

北魏晚期至东魏、北齐,山西晋中市佛教石窟及摩崖造像分布密集,这些石窟规制较小,设计简单,窟门多呈方形或尖楣圆拱形,窟内尊像为三壁三龛或三壁设坛式,常见一佛二弟子、一佛二菩萨、一菩萨二弟子等尊像,造像布局与艺术风格受到来自平城、洛阳、晋阳、邺城四大佛教艺术中心的影响。晋中市地处太行山西麓,处于沟通晋阳、邺城两大军政中心及佛教中心的晋邺古道上,具有深厚的宗教基础和优越的地理区位,在统治者的大力支持下,民间邑义集资建造石窟,形成了晋中地区中小石窟集群分布的景象。