Improving the Use of Insecticide-Treated Nets among Children under Five Years Old in Benin, West Africa

Background: In Benin, malaria represents the first cause of consultation and hospitalization (48% for children under 5 years old) in health units. It also accounts for 23.1% of deaths recorded in health facilities (MoH, 2019). Between the two main components of vector control adopted by Benin government, the mass distribution campaigns of Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITNs) remained the only proven cost-effective way to rapidly achieve high and equitable coverage (WHO, 2017). After the fourth mass distribution campaign conducted in 2017, the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data indicated that the percentage of children who slept under an ITN has increased from 20% in 2006 to 70% in 2011-2012 and to 76% in 2017-2018 while the incidence of malaria (tested positive) is increasing rapidly among children under 5 years old, growing from 36.5% in 2009 to 28.8% in 2012 and then to 51.4% in 2019. This study aims to understand this contrast by identifying the origin of the increase in ITN use over time among children under five years old and the factors which determine this use. Methods: Data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in Benin respectively in 2006 and in 20018 were used during the analysis, which covered 13,445 children under five years old from 2006 DHS and 12,255 children from 2017-2018 DHS. Firstly, the data were analyzed using decomposition method to highlight the origin of the increase of ITN use over time among children under five years old. Secondly, the chi-square test analysis estimated the association between ITN use and some characteristics (wealth index, maternal or caregiver education level and child age). Finally, the logistic regression model was used to identify the main factors, which influence the net use over the study period. Results: This study shows that the improvement of basic conditions is the main origin of behavior change in the use of ITNs among children under five years old. This improvement of the basic conditions consists of making ITNs available in households and informing household members about the benefits of ITN use. So, the free ITN distribution campaigns, routine distribution, awareness campaigns about the benefits of ITN use are the strategies, which increase the household capacities and knowledge, allowing household members to make their children sleep under net. The analysis also shows that region of residence, wealth index of household, household size, religion, and child age continue to determine the ITN use among children under age 5 years old and MNCP will integrate the factors in malaria prevention strategies in order to achieve universal use of ITNs. Conclusions: Although, sleeping under ITN behavior has indeed spread among children under 5 years old, policymakers and other stakeholders should design strategies to maintain and improve the current level of ITN use to reach the collective protection threshold (80% according to WHO). Therefore, to address the challenges of universal use of ITN, the study recommends expanding the routine distribution system to private sector health centers;discussing issues related to health service utilization (particularly ITN use) within a consultation framework at the communal level. In addition, collecting qualitative and quantitative data in the Oueme region will allow better understanding of all aspects of the ITN use gap among children under 5 years.

Stereopsis after Implantation of Intraocular Lens in Patients under 40 Years Old with Unilateral Cataract

Purpose:.To investigate the stereopsis after single focus intraocular lens (SIOL) implantation in patients aged < 40 years with unilateral cataract. Methods: In total, 36 patients (36 eyes) were divided into emmetropia and myopia groups. Twenty seven subjects with good uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA) after surgery were enrolled in the emmetropia group..The myopia group consisted of 9 subjects whose one eye had mild myopia postoperatively and the other was emmetropic or myopic. Visual acuity,.distance and near stereoacuity were measured post-operatively. Results:.In the emmetropia group,.uncorrected near visual acuity (UCNVA) did not differ significantly between eyes (t=1.87,P>0.05)..The LogMAR UCNVA of the operated and fellow eyes were (0.71±0.12) and (-0.05±0.07, t=28.4,P< 0.001) respectively..Distance stereoacuity was 60";.the near stereoacuity with uncorrected visual acuity and BCNVA in the operated eyes were 200" and 30" respectively (Z=-4.121,P< 0.001). In the myopia group,.the BCDVA did not differ significantly between the operated and fellow eyes (t=-0.636,P > 0.05)..The UCNVA of the operated eyes (0.18±0.12) was significantly better compared with that of the fellow eyes(-0.04±0.10,.t=4.2252,.P<0.001)..The distance stereoacuity with uncorrected visual acuity and BCDVA in the operated eyes were 200" and 60" respectively (Z =-2.371,P<0.05). The near stereoacuity with uncorrected visual acuity was 50". Conclusion:For patients with unilateral cataract aged<40 years, stereopsis is closely associated with refractive status after IOL implantation..Near stereoacuity in emmetropic eyes can be improved with refraction,.and that in mildly myopic eyes can be enhanced by leaving myopia uncorrected.

Comparing Coordination Abilities of 10-11 Years Old Girls Practicing Basketball and Rhythmic Gymnastic

The words---coordination, coordination abilities and coordination training are getting more and more popular among the coaches in different sports. The rhythm makes the movement logical, easy and correct done. The purpose of this study is to determine any difference between the coordination abilities of 10-11 years old gifts practicing basketball and rhythmic gymnastics. In that study, we have tested 40 girls at the age of 10-11 years practicing basketball and rhythmic gymnastic. We have tested them by 7 coordination tests. The results from the tests have been calculated in math-statistic methods and we have used descriptive statistic and t-test by Student with guaranteed probability Pt 〉 95 %. Ten-eleven old girls practicing rhythmic gymnastic have advantage against the girls practicing basketball in all 7 tests examining coordination abilities. The girls practicing rhythmic gymnastic, guaranteed by statistic, have better results in the balance and rhythmic abilities than the girls practicing basketball game. That statement is showing us that at this age the rhythmic gymnastic or elements from rhythmic gymnastic should be used for developing balance and rhythmic ability, which are very important for the basketball game.

Treatment Outcomes in Head and Neck Cancer Patients 80 Years Old and over

Background: With the recent aging of society, the need for medical treatment of elderly patients with head and neck cancer seems to have been increasing. Method: The present study analyzed all 103 patients with head and neck cancer ≥80 years, and we compared results with those of the previous generation (Group P;range: 75 - 79 years) comprising 104 patients treated in the same period. Results: We provided treatment just as wanted and could not choose it often. The reasons were oncological factors such as unresectable tumor or distant metastasis, refusal of treatment, and physical factors such as poor PS or number of comorbidities. Conclusion: Treatment choices should be based on the wishes and motivations of the patient and the medical assessment of physical function. When a patient ≥80 years old is treated, the high incidence of complications and severity of the disease should be considered.

CONTRAST ANALYSIS ON ECG,CT AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF PATIENTS OVER SEVENTY YEARS OLD WITH STROKE

目的:探讨70岁以上老年人脑卒中患者的心电图、CT和临床表现的特点及其预防和治疗方法。方法:100例患者的心电图、CT和临床表现被分析了。结果:这些患者的心电图和CT改变以及临床表现是各不相同的。结论:70岁以上老年人的脑卒中患者是具有一定特点的。

Right Atrium Myxoma in an 11-Year-Old Girl in Guinea

The objective of this study was to describe the myxoma of the right atrium occurring in an 11-year-old girl. It was an 11-year-old girl weighing 22 kg, admitted for exertional dyspnea, dry cough, palpitations, hepatitis, abdominal bloating, fever evolving for more than 9 months without a history of known cardiovascular disease;referral from a pulmonology department for cardiomegaly and right pleurisy. At cardiac auscultation, the rhythm was irregularly fast at 130 beats without added noise with a blood pressure of 110/65 mmhg. In the lungs, there was silence and a decrease in vocal vibrations at the right base, SaO2 at 70%. Elsewhere a thoracic collateral venous circulation was visible. Electrocardiogram recorded rapid atrial fibrillation at 134 cycles. The cardiac ultrasound concluded that there was a mobile mass in the right atrium prolapsing in the right ventricle measuring 25 mm × 18.9 mm suggesting a myxoma. The myxoma of the right atrium is of a rare localization with a polymorphic clinical manifestation. It should be diagnosed as early as possible to avoid the occurrence of dreaded complications. Its management is surgical.

Management of a Total Coalescence of the Labia Majora in an 11-Year-Old Girl Following a Female Genital Mutilation: A Case Report

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is still a topical practice in several African regions or countries. They constitute a violation of human rights, in particular because of their harmful consequences for the health of the people who suffer them and are the source of various complications. We report a case of FGM complications in the form of total coalescence of the labia majora with a small hole from which urine flows permanently. The management was a disinfubilation with suturing of the edges and urethral reimplantation and the evolution was favorable with complete healing after two (2) weeks.

Emergency department diagnosis of a concealed pleurocutaneous fistula in a 78-year-old man using point-of-care ultrasound

INTRODUCTION Although the differential diagnosis for chest wall masses is broad, the vast majority are abscesses, lipomas, or sebaceous cysts. Post-operative chest wall masses can also include infection, hematoma, seroma, cancer recurrence, metastasis, and lung hernia. Bedside ultrasound has been well documented to be beneficial in the differentiation of superficial pathology. Pleurocutaneous fistula is a pathologic communication between the pleural space and subcutaneous tissues of the chest wall. Pleurocutaneous fistula is a rare complication of tube thoracostomy, video-assisted thoracic surgery （VATS） procedures, and various pulmonary infections.

宁夏50岁及以上HIV/AIDS患者流行病学特征分析

目的分析宁夏50岁及以上HIV/AIDS患者的相关特征,为艾滋病防控政策制定提供依据。方法数据来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统,选取2015-2022年报告中年龄≥50岁的病例,应用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计分析。结果宁夏报告HIV/AIDS患者中≥50岁所占比例从2015年的14.8%上升至2022年31.3%(P<0.05)。2015-2022年共报告≥50岁HIV/AIDS患者643例,其中男性494例(76.8%)、农民296例(46.0%)、已婚456例(70.9%)、小学及以下文化程度314例(48.8%),本省582例(90.5%);传播途径以异性传播为主(79.8%);发现方式以医疗机构检测为主(75.3%);首次CD4细胞计数<350个/μl占33.4%。男性以商业异性性传播为主(46.8%),同性传播占一定比例(18.8%);随着年龄增加离异或丧偶者占比增加,商业异性性传播占比也增加。女性以配偶阳性传播(46.0%)和非婚非商业异性性行为(44.6%)为主;已婚有配偶者配偶阳性传播占比较高(54.7%),离异或丧偶者非婚非商业传播占比较高(65.6%)。全死因报告死亡比例为5.1%,晚发现比例为30.5%。结论2015-2022年宁夏报告50岁及以上HIV/AIDS患者占比逐年增加,人群艾滋病传播方式多样,感染风险持续存在,应加强艾滋病防治知识宣传教育和配偶告知,加大主动检测力度,减少新发感染和二代传播。

深圳市龙岗区新发现≥50岁患者HIV感染/AIDS流行趋势特征和定量预测

目的掌握≥50岁患者的HIV感染/AIDS流行趋势特征,并进行定量预测,为指导疫情防控和风险评估提供科学依据。方法用描述流行病学方法分析深圳市龙岗区2018-2023年新发现≥50岁患者HIV感染/AIDS的趋势特征,用缓冲算子序列建立灰色均值GM(1,1)模型进行趋势判定和定量预测。结果2018-2023年深圳市龙岗区新发现≥50岁HIV感染/ADIS患者271例,年均(45±11)例;男/女性别比3.44∶1,50~59岁占62.37%,职业分布较广,以家务及待业(37.27%)和商业服务(15.87%)较多,已婚或有配偶占53.51%,初中以下文化占62.36%,外市户籍占81.18%;感染途径以异性传播(71.22%)为主,非婚异性性接触史高(63.10%);发现途径以医疗机构检测发现(76.38%)为主。各年≥50岁HIV感染/ADIS患者在人群特征、感染途径和检测样本来源等分布上未呈现趋势变化(P>0.05);在当年新发现HIV感染/ADIS患者构成比呈现出增长趋势(P<0.05)。建立的弱化算子GM(1,1)灰色模型优秀,平均相对误差<2.0%,精度>98.0%,发展系数为0.05,患者数呈增长趋势,预测2024-2028年≥50岁患者年发现数将可能从62例增长至75例。结论深圳市龙岗区≥50岁HIV感染/ADIS患者在构成占比和患者数上均呈增长趋势,应重点关注≥50岁HIV感染/ADIS患者,针对老年人群加强宣传教育、制定和完善AIDS综合干预和防治体系。灰色GM(1,1)预测模型可用于≥50岁人群中HIV感染/AIDS流行趋势判定和定量预测,对风险定量评估和疫情防控具有较好的指导意义。

3~6岁儿童同胞关系的异质性及其影响因素:基于潜在剖面分析

运用潜在剖面分析探索3~6岁儿童同胞关系的不同特征模式,并且进一步探讨个体心理理论与亲子关系对儿童早期同胞关系类型的影响。采用同胞行为量表、社会理解量表、亲子关系量表对1410名二孩家庭的3~6岁儿童进行调查,结果发现:(1)儿童同胞关系可以分为磨合成长型(48.94%)、相对和谐型(47.09%)和矛盾冲突型(3.97%)三种类型;(2)儿童个体心理理论以及亲子关系亲密性越高,亲子关系冲突性越低,其同胞关系类型更倾向归属于相对和谐型。

60岁以下成年女性心理压力现状、影响因素及干预对策研究——以重庆市为例

回顾和梳理压力以及女性心理压力影响因素的相关文献,通过问卷调查对重庆市4270位60岁以下成年女性的心理压力程度进行分析,考察影响60岁以下成年女性心理压力的相关因素。通过有序Logistic回归分析发现,年龄、户籍、教育程度、年收入情况、工作时长、女性人才重视程度、对政策和制度的熟悉程度等变量显著影响着60岁以下成年女性的心理压力。研究结果显示:60岁以下成年女性中,农村户籍的女性心理压力显著高于城市户籍;年龄越大、工作时长越长,心理压力越大;受教育程度和年收入水平越高、女性人才重视程度越高、对政策和制度熟悉程度越高,心理压力越小。基于此,提出以下4条干预对策:重视低收入成年女性的心理问题;重视农村“留守中老年女性”的心理健康问题;重视企事业单位女性的心理健康问题;加强对成年女性心理健康教育、舆论引导及政策宣讲等。

2012—2021年我国15~24岁人群健康素养水平及其影响因素

目的了解2012—2021年我国15~24岁人群健康素养水平变化趋势,探索该特定人群健康素养影响因素,为制定该人群健康教育和健康促进相关政策措施提供参考。方法基于全国2012—2021年居民健康素养监测数据,分析15~24岁人群健康素养水平现状及其影响因素。结果经加权调整,2012—2021年间我国15~24岁人群健康素养水平依次为9.43%、9.39%、10.78%、11.45%、12.78%、15.58%、18.45%、22.55%、23.15%和30.46%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,以西部为参照,东部地区15~24岁人群健康素养水平较高,OR值为1.593(95%CI:1.291~1.966);以男性为参照,女性健康素养水平较高,OR值为1.400(95%CI:1.167~1.679);以小学及以下文化程度为参照,大专/本科及以上文化程度者健康素养水平较高,OR值为18.837(95%CI:6.825~51.991);以家庭年收入<2万元者为参照,家庭年收入≥8万元者的健康素养水平较高,OR值为1.321(95%CI:1.011~1.726)。结论我国15~24岁人群健康素养水平在稳步提升,不同地区、性别、文化程度和家庭收入水平是15~24岁人群健康素养水平的主要影响因素。

40岁以上人群缺血性脑卒中风险现况调查及预测模型的构建

目的调查1623例>40岁人群缺血性脑卒中(CIS)风险现况,并构建预测模型,旨在为有效预防CIS提供科学依据。方法2015年1月至2020年1月,采用随机抽样法抽取>40岁1623例作为调查对象,进行脑卒中问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查,根据是否患有CIS分组,比较两组临床资料,通过logistic多因素回归模型分析诱发CIS的危险因素,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析logistic回归模型对>40岁人群发生CIS的预测价值。结果1623例>40岁人中79例确诊CIS,患病率为4.87%。患病组和未患病组年龄、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、卒中家族史及血清硫氧还蛋白(Trx)、甘露糖结合凝集素相关丝氨酸蛋白酶3(MASP-3)、甘露聚糖结合凝集素(MBL)水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。年龄(≥60岁)、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、脑卒中家族史、Trx>9.10μg·L^(-1)为CIS的危险因素,MASP-3>450.40μg·L^(-1)、MBL>25.31μg·L^(-1)为CIS的保护因素(P<0.05)。年龄、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、脑卒中家族史、Trx、MASP-3、MBL联合预测CIS的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.831,预测敏感度为91.36%,特异度为78.52%。结论>40岁人群CIS发生风险较高,主要与年龄、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、卒中家族史及血清Trx、MASP-3、MBL水平等因素有关。

介入治疗90岁及以上下肢动脉闭塞症患者的临床疗效

目的探讨90岁以上下肢动脉闭塞症患者经皮下肢动脉腔内成形手术的临床疗效。方法选择2018年1月至2022年12月首都医科大学宣武医院收治的下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者18例,均采用下肢动脉腔内成形术进行治疗。结果所有患者手术成功。16例患者手术前间歇性跛行距离为(125.56±119.77)m,手术后为(338.89±259.84)m(t=5.09,P<0.05);手术前踝肱指数为0.31±0.20,出院时踝肱指数为0.71±0.16(t=-11.52,P<0.05)。其中15例术后3个月Rutherford分级得到不同程度的提高,血管治疗长度[(250.45±213.50)mm]与Rutherford分级提升无相关性(P=0.703),而术后血管恢复比值(0.82±0.17)与Rutherford分级提升存在相关性(P=0.022)。结论介入治疗90岁及以上下肢动脉闭塞症患者的临床效果显著,能够保留患者部分自理能力,提高生活质量。

齐齐哈尔社区65岁以上老年人超重和肥胖与慢性病的相关性调查

目的:分析齐齐哈尔地区65岁以上老年人超重和肥胖的流行特点及其对高血压、高血糖及高血脂等慢性病的影响,为高血压、高血糖及高血脂等慢性病的有效防治提供参考。方法:选取2021年9月齐齐哈尔社区703例65岁以上老年人作为研究对象,对其身高、体重、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、胆固醇进行调查测定,并计算体质量指数(BMI)。结果:该社区65岁以上老年人超重率为22.90%,肥胖率为23.47%,其中,女性超重率为23.42%,男性超重率达为22.29%,两者比较差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.364,P>0.05);女性肥胖率为25.53%,男性肥胖率为21.05%,两者比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.450,P>0.05)。超重组和肥胖组的高血压检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=71.746、11.537,P<0.01)。超重组和肥胖组的高血糖检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.780、14.286,P<0.01)。超重组和肥胖组的高胆固醇检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=17.798、18.705,P<0.01)。结论:减少超重、肥胖情况的发生能够对高血压、糖尿病及其他心血管病起到良好的预防和控制作用,65岁以上老年人可通过开展健康教育活动的方式,加强对超重和肥胖产生危害的认识,逐渐形成规律的生活方式、合理的饮食结构,保持运动和良好的心态,定期进行身体健康检查,对超重或肥胖及早干预,减少相关慢性疾病的发生。

基于体脑综合评价的3~6岁ASD儿童动作技能测评体系构建与实证研究

采用德尔菲(Delphi)法和层次分析(AHP)法构建3~6岁ASD儿童动作技能测评体系;采用实验法对8名3~6岁轻度ASD儿童进行动作技能、体质水平和脑电图(EEG)的综合分析.结果表明:1)依据儿童生长发育里程碑、动作发展顺序规律、ASD儿童核心症状和生活技能发展,采用Delphi法构建3~6岁ASD动作技能测评体系,包括一级指标4项、二级指标15项、三级指标39项.本研究立足ASD儿童动作技能教育与干预建立测评指标,是针对ASD儿童发育规律和核心症状开展评测→干预→教育→反馈→提升的结合体.测评体系通过信效度检验,具有科学性和实用性,便于一线ASD融合教育工作者开展测评和教育活动.2)ASD儿童存在显著的动作技能、体质水平、脑电活动的异常和低下状态.其动作技能均分由高到低依次为BCS、BMS、OCS、HFS,其中OCS和HFS受认知发展影响大.各脑区多波段的异常激活、delta和theta波能量高,alpha波能量低,导致儿童注意力无法集中、感觉加工异常.体质评分及格率低,影响ASD儿童健康相关入学准备水平和未来参与学校教育的能力.ASD儿童亟待开展以动作技能为切入点的体脑发育综合干预和教育,以促进ASD儿童融入学校教育,获得康复和发展.

近十年我国0~3岁婴幼儿托育研究综述──基于CiteSpace的可视化分析

0~3婴幼儿托育问题已成为学前教育领域关注的焦点。通过采用Citespace(6.1.R1)软件工具,对2012年至2022年中国知网所收录的关于0~3岁婴幼儿托育的文献进行了可视化分析。研究发现,近十年0~3岁婴幼儿托育研究的文献在数量上呈现明显的上升趋势,但核心作者群尚未形成,研究机构以各师范院校教育学院和中国人口与发展研究中心为主,研究热点主要聚集在婴幼儿托育政策、婴幼儿托育服务和婴幼儿托育服务人才培养方面。目前,0~3岁婴幼儿托育的研究在研究内容、研究方法及研究视角等方面仍有进步和深化的空间。未来,0~3岁婴幼儿托育研究应进一步丰富和深化研究内容,采取多元研究视角并进一步加强定量研究与跨学科研究。

基于MSCT容积重建技术的中国汉族男性60岁判别方法

本文应用MSCT(多层螺旋CT)容积重建技术寻找与中老年男性年龄变化相关性较好的观测点位,构建单指标及多指标联合应用的中国汉族男性60岁判别式。收集177例40~70岁中国男性盆部MSCT扫描的医学数字成像和通信(digital imaging and communication in medicine,DICOM)原始影像数据,应用OsiriXMD v13.0.0软件进行容积重建,筛选出与年龄变化高度相关的点位,进行形态学观测,构建分级标准,最后采用Fisher判别法,构建60岁判别模型。最终筛选出第五腰椎、髂嵴后部及部分骶翼三个观测点位,分别构建中国男性60岁单指标及多指标联合应用判别模型。第五腰椎、髂嵴后部及部分骶翼单指标判别率分别为80.8%、78.0%、87.0%,三个指标联合应用判别率为91.0%。研究结果证明,应用MSCT容积重建技术,通过观测第五腰椎、髂嵴后部及部分骶翼,判别中国男性60岁年龄点,具有较好的可行性及准确性,可用于相关案件的判别。