Severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） first emerged in Guangdong province, China in November 2002. During the following 3 months, it spread rapidly across the world, resulting in approximately 800 deaths. In 2004...Severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） first emerged in Guangdong province, China in November 2002. During the following 3 months, it spread rapidly across the world, resulting in approximately 800 deaths. In 2004, subsequent sporadic cases emerged in Singapore and China. A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV, was identified as the etiological agent of SARS.1＇2 This virus belongs to a family of large, positive, single-stranded RNA viruses. Nevertheless, genomic characterization shows that the SARS-CoV is only moderately related to other known coronaviruses.3 In contrast with previously described coronaviruses, SARS-CoV infection typically causes severe symptoms related to the lower respiratory tract. The SARS-CoV genome includes 14 putative open reading frames encoding 28 potential proteins, and the functions of many of these proteins are not known.4 A number of complete and partial autopsies of SARS patients have been reported since the first outbreak in 2003. The predominant pathological finding in these cases was diffuse alveolar damage （DAD）, This severe pulmonary injury of SARS patients is caused both by5 direct viral effects and immunopathogenetic factors, Many important aspects of the pathogenesis of SARS have not yet been fully clarified. In this article, we summarize the most important mechanisms involved in the complex pathogenesis of SARS, including clinical characters, host and receptors, immune system response and genetic factors.展开更多
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） is a disease with a mortality of 9.56%. Although SARS is etiologically linked to a new coronavirus （SARS-CoV） and functional cell receptor has been identified, t...Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） is a disease with a mortality of 9.56%. Although SARS is etiologically linked to a new coronavirus （SARS-CoV） and functional cell receptor has been identified, the pathogenesis of the virus infection is largely unclear. Methods The clinical specimens were processed and analyzed using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） in-house. Further investigations of target antigen included reviews of phage display technique, rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RACE） technique, protein expression and purification, Western blotting validation, serological and immunohistochemical staining in postmortem tissue. Results A type of medium or low titer anti-lung tissue antibodies were found in the sera of SARS patients at the early stage of the disease. Human long interspersed nuclear element 1 （LINE1） gene endonuclease （EN） domain protein was one of the target autoantigens and it was aberrantly expressed in the lung tissue of SARS patients. Anti-EN antibody was positive in the sera of 40.9% of SARS patients. Conclusions Human LINE1 endonuclease domain was identified as a putative target of SARS-associated autoantibodies, which were oresented in the serum of SARS oatients and may be involved in the pathogenesis of SARS.展开更多
In December,2019,pneumonia triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)surfaced in Wuhan,China.An acute respiratory illness named coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is caused by a new corona...In December,2019,pneumonia triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)surfaced in Wuhan,China.An acute respiratory illness named coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is caused by a new coronavirus designated as SARS-CoV-2.COVID-19 has surfaced as a major pandemic in the 21st century as yet.The entire world has been affected by this virus.World Health Organization proclaimed COVID-19 pandemic as a public health emergency of international concern on January 30,2020.SARS-CoV-2 shares the same genome as coronavirus seen in bats.Therefore,bats might be its natural host of this virus.It primarily disseminates by means of the respiratory passage.Evidence revealed human-to-human transmission.Fever,cough,tiredness,and gastrointestinal illness are the manifestations in COVID-19-infected persons.Senior citizens are more vulnerable to infections which can lead to dangerous consequences.Various treatment strategies including antiviral therapies are accessible for the handling of this disease.In this review,we organized the most recent findings on COVID-19 history,origin,transmission,genome structure,replication,epidemiology,pathogenesis,clinical features,diagnosis,and treatment strategies.展开更多
文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） first emerged in Guangdong province, China in November 2002. During the following 3 months, it spread rapidly across the world, resulting in approximately 800 deaths. In 2004, subsequent sporadic cases emerged in Singapore and China. A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV, was identified as the etiological agent of SARS.1＇2 This virus belongs to a family of large, positive, single-stranded RNA viruses. Nevertheless, genomic characterization shows that the SARS-CoV is only moderately related to other known coronaviruses.3 In contrast with previously described coronaviruses, SARS-CoV infection typically causes severe symptoms related to the lower respiratory tract. The SARS-CoV genome includes 14 putative open reading frames encoding 28 potential proteins, and the functions of many of these proteins are not known.4 A number of complete and partial autopsies of SARS patients have been reported since the first outbreak in 2003. The predominant pathological finding in these cases was diffuse alveolar damage （DAD）, This severe pulmonary injury of SARS patients is caused both by5 direct viral effects and immunopathogenetic factors, Many important aspects of the pathogenesis of SARS have not yet been fully clarified. In this article, we summarize the most important mechanisms involved in the complex pathogenesis of SARS, including clinical characters, host and receptors, immune system response and genetic factors.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30340010） and the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing （No. 7034050）.
文摘Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） is a disease with a mortality of 9.56%. Although SARS is etiologically linked to a new coronavirus （SARS-CoV） and functional cell receptor has been identified, the pathogenesis of the virus infection is largely unclear. Methods The clinical specimens were processed and analyzed using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） in-house. Further investigations of target antigen included reviews of phage display technique, rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RACE） technique, protein expression and purification, Western blotting validation, serological and immunohistochemical staining in postmortem tissue. Results A type of medium or low titer anti-lung tissue antibodies were found in the sera of SARS patients at the early stage of the disease. Human long interspersed nuclear element 1 （LINE1） gene endonuclease （EN） domain protein was one of the target autoantigens and it was aberrantly expressed in the lung tissue of SARS patients. Anti-EN antibody was positive in the sera of 40.9% of SARS patients. Conclusions Human LINE1 endonuclease domain was identified as a putative target of SARS-associated autoantibodies, which were oresented in the serum of SARS oatients and may be involved in the pathogenesis of SARS.
文摘In December,2019,pneumonia triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)surfaced in Wuhan,China.An acute respiratory illness named coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is caused by a new coronavirus designated as SARS-CoV-2.COVID-19 has surfaced as a major pandemic in the 21st century as yet.The entire world has been affected by this virus.World Health Organization proclaimed COVID-19 pandemic as a public health emergency of international concern on January 30,2020.SARS-CoV-2 shares the same genome as coronavirus seen in bats.Therefore,bats might be its natural host of this virus.It primarily disseminates by means of the respiratory passage.Evidence revealed human-to-human transmission.Fever,cough,tiredness,and gastrointestinal illness are the manifestations in COVID-19-infected persons.Senior citizens are more vulnerable to infections which can lead to dangerous consequences.Various treatment strategies including antiviral therapies are accessible for the handling of this disease.In this review,we organized the most recent findings on COVID-19 history,origin,transmission,genome structure,replication,epidemiology,pathogenesis,clinical features,diagnosis,and treatment strategies.
