Intestinal bacterial overgrowth in the early stage of severe acute pancreatitis is associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome

BACKGROUND In the early stage of acute pancreatitis(AP),a large number of cytokines induced by local pancreatic inflammation seriously damage the intestinal barrier function,and intestinal bacteria and endotoxins enter the blood,causing inflammatory storm,resulting in multiple organ failure,infectious complications,and other disorders,eventually leading to death.Intestinal failure occurs early in the course of AP,accelerating its development.As an alternative method to detect small intestinal bacterial overgrowth,the hydrogen breath test is safe,noninvasive,and convenient,reflecting the number of intestinal bacteria in AP indirectly.This study aimed to investigate the changes in intestinal bacteria measured using the hydrogen breath test in the early stage of AP to clarify the relationship between intestinal bacteria and acute lung injury(ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Early clinical intervention and maintenance of intestinal barrier function would be highly beneficial in controlling the development of severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).AIM To analyze the relationship between intestinal bacteria change and ALI/ARDS in the early stage of SAP.METHODS A total of 149 patients with AP admitted to the intensive care unit of the Digestive Department,Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University from 2016 to 2019 were finally enrolled,following compliance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria.The results of the hydrogen breath test within 1 wk of admission were collected,and the hydrogen production rates at admission,72 h,and 96 h were calculated.The higher the hydrogen production rates the more bacteria in the small intestine.First,according to the improved Marshall scoring system in the 2012 Atlanta Consensus on New Standards for Classification of Acute Pancreatitis,66 patients with a PaO2/FiO2 score≤1 were included in the mild AP(MAP)group,18 patients with a PaO2/FiO2 score≥2 and duration<48 h were included in the moderately SAP(MSAP)group,and 65 patients with a PaO2/FiO2 score≥2 and duration>48 h were included in the SAP group,to analyze the correlation between intestinal bacterial overgrowth and organ failure in AP.Second,ALI(PaO2/FiO2=2)and ARDS(PaO2/FiO2>2)were defined according to the simplified diagnostic criteria proposed by the 1994 European Union Conference.The MSAP group was divided into two groups according to the PaO2/FiO2 score:15 patients with PaO2/FiO2 score=2 were included in group A,and three patients with score>2 were included in group B.Similarly,the SAP group was divided into two groups:28 patients with score=2 were included in group C,and 37 patients with score>2 were included in group D,to analyze the correlation between intestinal bacterial overgrowth and ALI/ARDS in AP.RESULTS A total of 149 patients were included:66 patients in the MAP group,of whom 53 patients were male(80.3%)and 13 patients were female(19.7%);18 patients in the MSAP group,of whom 13 patients were male(72.2%)and 5 patients were female(27.8%);65 patients in the SAP group,of whom 48 patients were male(73.8%)and 17 patients were female(26.2%).There was no significant difference in interleukin-6 and procalcitonin among the MAP,MSAP,and SAP groups(P=0.445 and P=0.399,respectively).There was no significant difference in the growth of intestinal bacteria among the MAP,MSAP,and SAP groups(P=0.649).There was no significant difference in the growth of small intestinal bacteria between group A and group B(P=0.353).There was a significant difference in the growth of small intestinal bacteria between group C and group D(P=0.038).CONCLUSION Intestinal bacterial overgrowth in the early stage of SAP is correlated with ARDS.

Medical imaging for pancreatic diseases:Prediction of severe acute pancreatitis complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome

In this editorial we comment on the article published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology[2022;28(19):2123-2136].We pay attention to how to construct a simpler and more reliable new clinical predictive model to early identify patients at high risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)associated with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP),and to early predict the severity of organ failure from chest computed tomography(CT)findings in SAP patients.As we all know,SAP has a sudden onset,is a rapidly changing condition,and can be complicated with ARDS and even multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,and its mortality rate has remained high.At present,there are many clinical scoring systems for AP,including the bedside index for severity in AP,acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II,systemic inflammatory response syndrome,Japanese severe score,quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment,etc.However,some of these scoring systems are complex and require multiple and difficult clinical parameters for risk stratification.Although the aforementioned biomarkers are readily available,their ability to predict ARDS varies.Accordingly,it is extremely necessary to establish a simple and valuable novel model to predict the development of ARDS in AP.In addition,the extra-pancreatic manifestations of AP patients often involve the chest,among which pleural effusion and pulmonary consolidation are the more common complications.Therefore,by measuring the semi-quantitative indexes of chest CT in AP patients,such as the amount of pleural effusion and the number of lobes involved as pulmonary consolidation,it has important reference value for the early diagnosis of SAP complicated with ARDS and is expected to provide a basis for the early treatment of ARDS.

Development and external validation of models to predict acute respiratory distress syndrome related to severe acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is a major cause of death in patients with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).Although a series of prediction models have been developed for early identification of such patients,the majority are complicated or lack validation.A simpler and more credible model is required for clinical practice.AIM To develop and validate a predictive model for SAP related ARDS.METHODS Patients diagnosed with AP from four hospitals located at different regions of China were retrospectively grouped into derivation and validation cohorts.Statistically significant variables were identified using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression method.Predictive models with nomograms were further built using multiple logistic regression analysis with these picked predictors.The discriminatory power of new models was compared with some common models.The performance of calibration ability and clinical utility of the predictive models were evaluated.RESULTS Out of 597 patients with AP,139 were diagnosed with SAP(80 in derivation cohort and 59 in validation cohort)and 99 with ARDS(62 in derivation cohort and 37 in validation cohort).Four identical variables were identified as independent risk factors for both SAP and ARDS:heart rate[odds ratio(OR)=1.05;95%CI:1.04-1.07;P<0.001;OR=1.05,95%CI:1.03-1.07,P<0.001],respiratory rate(OR=1.08,95%CI:1.0-1.17,P=0.047;OR=1.10,95%CI:1.02-1.19,P=0.014),serum calcium concentration(OR=0.26,95%CI:0.09-0.73,P=0.011;OR=0.17,95%CI:0.06-0.48,P=0.001)and blood urea nitrogen(OR=1.15,95%CI:1.09-1.23,P<0.001;OR=1.12,95%CI:1.05-1.19,P<0.001).The area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.879(95%CI:0.830-0.928)and 0.898(95%CI:0.848-0.949)for SAP prediction in derivation and validation cohorts,respectively.This value was 0.892(95%CI:0.843-0.941)and 0.833(95%CI:0.754-0.912)for ARDS prediction,respectively.The discriminatory power of our models was improved compared with that of other widely used models and the calibration ability and clinical utility of the prediction models performed adequately.CONCLUSION The present study constructed and validated a simple and accurate predictive model for SAPrelated ARDS in patients with AP.

Recovery from respiratory failure after decompression laparotomy for severe acute pancreatitis

We present three cases of patients (at the age of 56 years, 49 years and 74 years respectively) with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), complicated by intra-abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) and respiratory insufficiency with limitations of mechanical ventilation. The respiratory situation of the patients was significantly improved after decompression laparotomy (DL) and lung protective ventilation was re-achieved. ACS was discussed followed by a short review of the literature. Our cases show that DL may help patients with SAP to recover from severe respiratory failure.

Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19 patients outside Wuhan: A double-center retrospective cohort study of 197 cases in Hunan, China

BACKGROUND There have been few reports on the risk factors for acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and there were obvious differences regarding the incidence of ADRS between Wuhan and outside Wuhan in China.AIM To investigate the risk factors associated with ARDS in COVID-19,and compare the characteristics of ARDS between Wuhan and outside Wuhan in China.METHODS Patients were enrolled from two medical centers in Hunan Province.A total of 197 patients with confirmed COVID-19,who had either been discharged or had died by March 15,2020,were included in this study.We retrospectively collected the patients’clinical data,and the factors associated with ARDS were compared by theχ²test,Fisher’s exact test,and Mann-Whitney U test.Significant variables were chosen for the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.In addition,literature in the PubMed database was reviewed,and the characteristics of ARDS,mortality,and biomarkers of COVID-19 severity were compared between Wuhan and outside Wuhan in China.RESULTS Compared with the non-ARDS group,patients in the ARDS group were significantly older,had more coexisting diseases,dyspnea,higher D-dimer,lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),and C-reactive protein.In univariate logistic analysis,risk factors associated with the development of ARDS included older age[odds ratio(OR)=1.04),coexisting diseases(OR=3.94),dyspnea(OR=17.82),dry/moist rales(OR=9.06),consolidative/mixed opacities(OR=2.93),lymphocytes(OR=0.68 for high lymphocytes compared to low lymphocytes),D-dimer(OR=1.41),albumin(OR=0.69 for high albumin compared to low albumin),alanine aminotransferase(OR=1.03),aspartate aminotransferase(OR=1.02),LDH(OR=1.02),C-reactive protein(OR=1.04)and procalcitonin(OR=17.01).In logistic multivariate analysis,dyspnea(adjusted OR=27.10),dry/moist rales(adjusted OR=9.46),and higher LDH(adjusted OR=1.02)were independent risk factors.The literature review showed that patients in Wuhan had a higher incidence of ARDS,higher mortality rate,and higher levels of biomarkers associated with COVID-19 severity than those outside Wuhan in China.CONCLUSION Dyspnea,dry/moist rales and higher LDH are independent risk factors for ARDS in COVID-19.The incidence of ARDS in Wuhan seems to be overestimated compared with outside Wuhan in China.

Effect of rhubarb retention enema on interleukin-33 expression and uncontrolled inflammation in patients with severe acute pancreatitis complicated with ARDS

Objective:To investigate the effects of rhubarb enema on the expression of inflammatory factors and interleukin-33(IL-33)and its prognosis in patients with SAP complicated with sepsis.Methods:A total of 47 patients with SAP complicated with ARDS admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine,the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from June 2016 to December 2018 were randomly divided into SAP with ARDS sepsis group(sepsis group)and SAP.In the ARDS non-sepsis group(non-sepsis group),20 patients were treated according to the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis in China in 2013.They were given regular fasting,gastrointestinal decompression,fluid resuscitation,acid suppression,and growth.On the basis of the inhibition of water,electrolytes,acid-base balance,add rhubarb 3 g/kg,water 200 mL,filter the slag juice to 37~38℃for retention enema for more than 15min,2 times a day For a total of 7 days.The inflammatory markers WBC,PCT,heart rate,respiratory rate,oxygenation index(PaO2/FiO2),pancreatic severity score(BISAP),and IL-33 and various cytokine changes were recorded in the two groups.Results:On the first day of admission,the patients in the sepsis group had more severe inflammation index(WBC:14.23±2.95,PCT:3.62±2.04,heart rate:104.02±8.89,respiration:26.81±2.44),and the oxygenation index was more.Poor(PaO2/FiO2:164.08±21.05),IL-33(46.32±7.82)and higher cytokine expression(TNF-α:266.78±72.89,IL-1:53.47±10.52,IL-6:1824.68±598.53,IL-8:160.42±50.34),the difference was statistically significant compared with the non-sepsis group,P<0.01.After the treatment of rhubarb enema,the above indicators were significantly decreased in both groups,and admission.The difference was statistically significant on the first day,P<0.01.However,on the seventh day after treatment,the sepsis patients hadΔIL-33(41.63±7.86)and cytokines(ΔTNF-α:258.90±72.18,ΔIL-1:47.87±11.85,ΔIL-6:1775.57±598.31,ΔIL-8:143.12±51.98),oxygenation index(162.01±43.23)improved better than non-sepsis group,P<0.01,and the rate of invasive ventilation was not statistically significant.P>0.05.Conclusion:SAP combined with sepsis leads to the use of rhubarb enema in patients with ARDS to significantly improve the concentration of IL-33 as a"target"factor and reduce the proinflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1,IL-6 and IL-8.Level,improve the patient's oxygenation,has clinical application value.

Acute lung injury and ARDS in acute pancreatitis: Mechanisms and potential intervention

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in acute pancreatitis still represents a substantial problem,with a mortality rate in the range of 30%-40%.The present review evaluates underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in both ALI and ARDS and potential clinical implications.Several mediators and pathophysiological pathways are involved during the different phases of ALI and ARDS.The initial exudative phase is characterized by diffuse alveolar damage,microvascular injury and influx of inflammatory cells.This phase is followed by a fibro-proliferative phase with lung repair,type Ⅱ pneumocyte hypoplasia and proliferation of fibroblasts.Proteases derived from polymorphonuclear neutrophils,various pro-inflammatory mediators,and phospholipases are all involved,among others.Contributing factors that promote pancreatitis-associated ALI may be found in the gut and mesenteric lymphatics.There is a lack of complete understanding of the underlying mechanisms,and by improving our knowledge,novel tools for prevention and intervention may be developed,thus contributing to improved outcome.

Pathophysiology of pulmonary complications of acute pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis in its severe form is complicated by multiple organ system dysfunction, most importantly by pulmonary complications which include hypoxia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, atelectasis, and pleural effusion. The pathogenesis of some of the above complications is attributed to the production of noxious cytokines. Clinically significant is the early onset of pleural effusion, which heralds a poor outcome of acute pancreatitis. The role of circulating trypsin, phospholipase A2, platelet activating factor, release of free fatty acids, chemoattractants such as tumor necrsosis factor （TNF）- alpha, interleukin （IL）-1, IL-6, IL-8, fMet-leu-phe （a bacterial wall product）, nitric oxide, substance P, and macrophage inhlbitor factor is currently studied. The hope is that future management of acute pancreatitis with a better understanding of the pathogenesis of lung injury will be directed against the production of noxious cytokines.

Protective effects of erythropoietin against acute lung injury in a rat model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis

AIM： TO investigate the effect of exogenous erythro- poietin （EPO） administration on acute lung injury （ALI） in an experimental model of sodium taurodeoxycholate- induced acute necrotizing pancreatitis （ANP）. METHODS： Forty-seven male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 7 groups： sham group （n = 5）, 3 ANP groups （n = 7 each） and 3 EPO groups （n = 7 each）. ANP was induced by retrograde infusion of 5% sodium taurodeoxycholate into the common bile duct. Rats in EPO groups received 1000 U/kg intramuscular EPO immediately after induction of ANP. Rats in ANP groups were given 1 mL normal saline instead. All animals were sacrificed at postoperative 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Serum arnilase, IL-2, IL-6 and lung tissue malondialdehyde （MDA） were measured. Pleural effusion volume and lung/body weight （LW/BW） ratios were calculated. Tissue levels of TNF-a, IL-2 and IL-6 were screened immunohistochemically. Additionally, ox-LDL accumulation was assessed with immune-fluorescent staining. Histopathological alterations in the lungs were also scored.RESULTS： The mean pleural effusion volume, calculated LW/BW ratio, serum IL-6 and lung tissue MDA levels were significantly lower in EPO groups than in ANP groups. No statistically significant difference was observed in either serum or tissue values of IL-2 among the groups. The level of tumor necrosis factor-（~ （TNF-（~） and IL-6 and accumulation of ox-LDL were evident in the lung tissues of ANP groups when compared to EPO groups, particularly at 72 h. Histopathological evaluation confirmed the improvement in lung injury parameters a^er exogenous EPO administration, particularly at 48 h and 72 h. CONCLUSION： EPO administration leads to a significant decrease in ALI parameters by inhibiting polymorphonuclear leukocyte （PMNL） accumulation, decreasing the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in circulation, preserving microvascular endothelial cell integrity and reducing oxidative stress-associated lipid peroxidation and therefore, can be regarded as a cytoprotective agent in ANP-induced ALI.

Combined use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with interventional surgery for acute pancreatitis with pulmonary embolism: A case report

BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP) is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas characterized by self-digestion of pancreatic tissue, which can trigger a systemic inflammatory response. Venous thrombosis, resulting from a hypercoagulable state, is a vascular complication of AP. AP complicated by pulmonary embolism(PE) is very rare, and the combined use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) with a vascular interventional procedure for AP complicated by PE is even rarer.CASE SUMMARY A 32-year-old man with a history of obesity developed rapidly worsening AP secondary to hypertriglyceridemia. During treatment, the patient developed chest tightness, shortness of breath, and cardiac arrest. Computed tomography(CT) scans of his upper abdomen were consistent with pancreatitis. PE was identified by chest CT angiography involving the right main pulmonary artery and multiple lobar pulmonary arteries. The patient’s D-dime level was significantly elevated(> 20 mg/L). The patient received high-frequency oxygen inhalation, continuous renal replacement therapies, anti-infective therapy, inhibition of pancreatic secretion, emergent endotracheal intubation, and advanced cardiac life support with cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Following both ECMO and a vascular interventional procedure, the patient recovered and was discharged.CONCLUSION PE is a rare but potentially lethal complication of AP. The early diagnosis of PE is important because an accurate diagnosis and timely interventional procedures can reduce mortality. The combined use of ECMO with a vascular interventional procedure for AP complicated by PE can be considered a feasible treatment method. A collaborative effort between multiple teams is also vital.

西维来司他钠联合气道压力释放通气治疗创伤所致重度ARDS的临床疗效观察

目的探讨西维来司他钠、气道压力释放通气治疗由创伤导致重度急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的疗效。方法选取南阳市中心医院2020年1月至2022年12月期间收治80例重度ARDS患者,依照随机抽签的方法分成两组,各40例。对照组应用气道压力释放通气治疗,观察组在此基础上加用西维来司他钠,比较两组血气、炎性因子、血流动力学指标和预后。结果治疗前,两组动脉二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、动脉氧分压(PaO_(2))、PaO_(2)/吸入氧浓度(FiO_(2))值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗24 h、治疗72 h后,两组PaCO_(2)值均低于治疗前,PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)值均高于治疗前,且观察组PaCO_(2)值低于对照组,观察组PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)值高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组IL-6、PCT、CRP值均低于治疗前,且观察组IL-6、PCT、CRP值均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组中心静脉压(CVP)、心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗24 h、治疗72 h后,对照组CVP、HR、MAP值均低于治疗前,观察组HR低于治疗前,MAP治疗24 h低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗24 h、治疗72 h后,观察组CVP、HR、MAP值均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组急性生理和慢性健康状况(APACHEⅡ)评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组APACHEⅡ评分均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论西维来司他钠、气道压力释放通气治疗创伤所致重度ARDS成效佳,能改善血气、炎性因子及血流动力学指标,提高预后。

血清铁蛋白、IL-6、TNF-α表达水平与高炎症表型急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者病情严重程度及早期预后的相关性

目的 分析血清铁蛋白(SF)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)表达水平与高炎症表型急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者病情严重程度及早期预后的相关性。方法 回顾性选取2020年1月至2022年12月在北京市昌平区医院就诊的高炎症表型ARDS患者124例为研究对象。根据临床诊断结果分为轻度组(n=29)、中度组(n=51)、重度组(n=44)。根据入院治疗1个月后患者情况将其分为存活组(n=83)、死亡组(n=41)。检测并比较各组SF、IL-6、TNF-α表达水平变化,并分析高炎症表型ARDS中SF、IL-6、TNF-α表达水平与病情严重程度、早期预后的相关性。结果 轻度组SF、IL-6、TNF-α表达水平分别为(127.41±13.57)μg/L、(65.24±10.04) pg/mL、(43.17±8.26) ng/mL,均低于中度组[(241.55±17.03)μg/L、(127.05±12.19) pg/mL、(71.82±9.05) ng/mL]和重度组[(378.34±20.04)μg/L、(186.73±15.25) pg/mL、(104.50±11.46) ng/mL],中度组SF、IL-6、TNF-α表达水平均低于重度组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。存活组SF、IL-6、TNF-α表达水平分别为(156.25±9.06)μg/L、(71.52±11.36) pg/mL、(51.60±7.92) ng/mL,均低于死亡组[(419.72±23.64)μg/L、(216.82±13.51) pg/mL、(161.25±12.36) ng/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,SF、IL-6、TNF-α水平表达与高炎症表型ARDS患者病情严重程度、早期预后均呈正相关(r=0.424、0.516、0.460,r=0.503、0.602、0.437;P<0.05)。结论 高炎症表型ARDS患者均伴有严重炎症反应,且SF、IL-6、TNF-α表达水平与病情严重程度、早期预后均呈正相关,需密切监测指标变化,可为病情严重程度、早期预后评估提供一定依据。

PiCCO与CVP监测下液体复苏治疗脓毒症休克合并重度急性呼吸窘迫综合征的临床效果比较

目的:比较给予脓毒症休克(SS)合并重度急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者脉搏指示连续心排血量(PiCCO)与中心静脉压(CVP)监测下液体复苏治疗的临床效果。方法:选取2018年1月—2022年12月厦门大学附属第一医院收治的SS合并重度ARDS患者共计100例,以随机数字表法分成研究组(n=50)与对照组(n=50)。对照组给予CVP监测下液体复苏治疗,研究组给予PiCCO监测下液体复苏治疗。比较两组复苏目标达标率、生命体征、代谢指标、转归情况。结果:研究组治疗6 h后的复苏目标达标率较对照组更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗24 h后尿量(UO)、平均动脉压(MAP)均提高,心率(HR)均降低,研究组UO、MAP均较对照组更高,HR更低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗24 h后中心静脉血氧饱和度(ScvO_(2))均升高,乳酸(Lac)水平均降低,研究组ScvO_(2)较对照组更高,Lac更低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组血管活性药物使用时间、抗生素使用时间、机械通气时间、重症监护室(ICU)停留时间均较对照组更短,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:相较于CVP监测,给予SS合并重度ARDS患者PiCCO监测下液体复苏治疗,能够提高复苏目标达标率,维持生命体征,改善代谢指标,促进患者恢复。

血清miR-98-5p、LncRNA XIST在急性呼吸窘迫综合征患儿中与疾病严重程度、预后的关系

目的:检测急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患儿血清中微小RNA(miR)-98-5p、长链非编码RNA(LncRNA)X染色体失活特异性转录因子(XIST)表达情况,并探究二者与疾病严重程度、预后的关系。方法:收集86例ARDS患儿为研究对象(研究组),同期健康体检儿童90名设为对照(对照组),参考柏林(2012年)ARDS病情严重程度诊断标准中动脉血氧分压/吸入氧浓度将ARDS患儿分为轻度组、中度组、重度组;另根据ARDS患儿28 d生存状况分为存活组和死亡组。实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)法检测血清miR-98-5p、LncRNA XIST水平,绘制受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线分析血清中miR-98-5p、LncRNA XIST水平对ARDS患儿预后不良的预测价值;Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析血清miR-98-5p、LncRNA XIST水平与ARDS患儿预后的关系;Pearson分析ARDS患儿血清中miR-98-5p与LncRNA XIST的相关性。结果:与对照组相比,研究组血清中miR-98-5p水平降低(P<0.01),LncRNA XIST水平升高(P<0.01)。与轻度组相比,中度组、重度组血清中miR-98-5p水平降低(P<0.05),LncRNA XIST水平升高(P<0.05);与中度组相比,重度组血清中miR-98-5p水平降低(P<0.05),LncRNA XIST水平升高(P<0.05)。与存活组相比,死亡组血清中miR-98-5p水平降低(P<0.01),LncRNA XIST水平升高(P<0.01)。ROC曲线显示,血清中miR-98-5p、LncRNA XIST水平预测ARDS患儿预后不良的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.771、0.764,截断值分别为0.54、1.97,其敏感性分别为76.1%、86.9%,特异性分别为73.7%、52.6%;血清中miR-98-5p联合LncRNA XIST预测ARDS患儿预后不良的ROC曲线下面积为0.888,其敏感性为77.6%、特异性为94.7%。miR-98-5p高表达者存活率35.14%高于低表达者12.24%(P<0.05),LncRNA XIST高表达存活率12.73%低于低表达者38.71%(P<0.01)。Pearson分析发现ARDS患儿血清中miR-98-5p与LncRNA XIST呈负相关关系(r=-0.411,P<0.05)。Starbase3.0预测发现LncRNA XIST与miR-98-5p存在结合位点。结论:ARDS患儿血清中miR-98-5p水平降低、LncRNA XIST水平升高,二者均与疾病严重程度、预后关系密切,且二者呈显著负相关,有望用于评估ARDS疾病严重程度、预后。

重症肺炎就是ARDS吗?

急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)是在严重感染、休克、创伤及烧伤等疾病过程中导致的急性低氧性呼吸功能不全,容易与重症肺炎合并低氧血症和重症新型冠状病毒肺炎等疾病相混淆。本文就ARDS的概念、发病机制、病理改变、病理生理以及定义进行了论述,并与重症肺炎合并低氧血症和重症新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床表现等异同进行深入的分析和解读。

血清RAGE、HMGB1水平与重症肺炎急性呼吸窘迫综合征发病及IFN-γ/IL-4变化的关系

目的探究血清晚期糖基化终产物受体(RAGE)、高迁移率族蛋白B1(high mobility group protein B1,HMGB1)水平与重症肺炎(SP)急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)发病及γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)/白细胞介素4(IL-4)变化的关系。方法前瞻性选取2020年3月至2022年2月我院收治的100例SP患儿为研究对象,根据患儿是否发生继发性ARDS将患儿分为ARDS组(n=56)和对照组(n=44),收集患儿一般资料,采集外周血以酶联免疫吸附法进行RAGE、HMGB1、IFN-γ和IL-4表达水平检测,采用多因素logistic回归分析SP患儿继发ARDS的影响因素,采用Pearson相关性分析其与IFN-γ/IL-4的相关性,并采用受试者工作曲线(ROC)分析RAGE、HMGB1表达对SP患儿继发ARDS的预测价值。结果两组SP患儿性别、年龄、体温以及发病季节之间无显著差异,ARDS组致病菌种类多于对照组,PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)和APS评分、血清RAGE、HMGB1、IFN-γ和IL-4表达水平以及IFN-γ/IL-4比值均高于对照组(P<0.05)。经多因素logistic回归分析可知,致病菌种类、PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)、RAGE、HMGB1表达、IFN-γ、IL-4和IFN-γ/IL-4均为SP患儿继发ARDS的影响因素。经Pearson相关检验,SP患儿血清RAGE、HMGB1表达水平与IFN-γ、IL-4和IFN-γ/IL-4均呈正相关(P<0.05)。经ROC曲线分析可得,血清RAGE、HMGB1水平预测SP患儿发生ARDS的AUC分别为0.707和0.750,灵敏度分别为73.2%、64.3%,特异度分别为68.2%、77.3%,两者联合预测的AUC为0.848,灵敏度和特异度分别为80.4%和81.8%。结论SP继发ARDS患儿血清中RAGE、HMGB1表达水平较高,与IFN-γ/IL-4呈正相关,监测患儿血清RAGE、HMGB1表达对SP患儿继发ARDS的风险有一定的预测价值。

神经肌肉电刺激对急性重症胰腺炎合并ARDS患者肌肉力量改善效果评估

目的评估在早期应用神经肌肉电刺激(neuromuscular electrical stimulation,NMES)对急性重症胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)合并急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)患者肌肉力量、临床结局、远期生活质量改善的影响。方法纳入2022年9月至2023年8月入住重庆医科大学附属第二医院重症医学科及急诊重症医学病区符合SAP合并ARDS诊断的患者75例。采用随机数字表法对入组患者进行分组:NMES组(n=37)和对照组(n=38),排除治疗过程中死亡8例、出院3例、姑息治疗5例,最终纳入59例患者,其中NMES组29例、对照组30例。NMES组从ICU入院48 h开始,在常规康复基础上额外行NMES治疗,连续7 d,每天1 h,直至患者离开ICU或因病情不适合继续康复锻炼为止。对照组进行常规康复治疗。在治疗结束后,评估患者ICU获得性虚弱(ICU-acquired weakness,ICU-AW)发生率;医学研究委员会肌力评分(Medical Research Council-score,MRC);机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、总住院时间;膈肌活动度、膈肌厚度及膈肌增厚分数(diaphragmatic thickening fraction,DTF);随访患者出院后第1、3、6个月病死率及Barthel自理能力评分(Barthel Index,BI)。结果NMES组患者ICU-AW发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);出ICU时上肢、下肢MRC评分以及MRC总评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);NMES组机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、总住院时间均低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组患者出院后第1个月Barthel自理能力评分差异无统计学意义,但第3、6个月Barthel自理能力评分NMES组高于对照组(P<0.05)。2组患者入组当天、出ICU当天、出院当天,膈肌活动度、膈肌厚度、膈肌增厚分数无明显差异,出院后第1、3、6个月病死率无统计学差异。结论NMES联合早期康复治疗可改善SAP合并ARDS患者肌肉力量、缩短住院时间,并可能改善远期生活质量,但对膈肌功能和死亡率无明显影响。

老年重症肺炎并发ARDS患者血清miR-27a、FOXO3与疾病严重程度及预后的关系

目的分析老年重症肺炎并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者血清微小核糖核酸(miRNA)-27a、叉头框蛋白O3(FOXO3)与疾病严重程度及预后的关系。方法选取2022年10月—2023年9月上海市静安区中心医院重症医学科收治老年重症肺炎并发ARDS患者108例(ARDS组)和老年重症肺炎未并发ARDS患者72例(非ARDS组),ARDS组患者再根据氧合指数分为轻度亚组26例、中度亚组34例、重度亚组48例,并根据28 d预后情况分为死亡亚组33例、存活亚组75例;另选取同期体检健康志愿者60例为健康对照组。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应检测血清miR-27a、FOXO3水平,TargetScan数据库预测miR-27a与FOXO3的结合位点。通过Pearson/Spearman相关性分析血清miR-27a与FOXO3 mRNA水平的相关性,多因素Logistic回归分析老年重症肺炎并发ARDS患者预后的影响因素,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清miR-27a、FOXO3 mRNA水平对老年重症肺炎并发ARDS患者死亡的预测价值。结果健康对照组、非ARDS组、ARDS组血清miR-27a水平依次降低,FOXO3 mRNA水平依次升高(F/P=77.352/<0.001、62.956/<0.001);轻度亚组、中度亚组、重度亚组血清miR-27a水平依次降低,FOXO3 mRNA水平依次升高(F/P=83.597/<0.001、111.833/<0.001);miR-27a与FOXO3的3’-非翻译区3257~3264处存在结合位点。老年重症肺炎并发ARDS患者血清miR-27a与FOXO3 mRNA水平呈负相关(r/P=-0.736/<0.001),氧合指数与血清miR-27a水平呈正相关,与FOXO3 mRNA水平呈负相关(r/P=0.751/<0.001、-0.785/<0.001)。老年重症肺炎并发ARDS患者28 d死亡率为30.56%(33/108)。年龄增加、机械通气时间延长、FOXO3 mRNA升高为影响老年重症肺炎并发ARDS患者预后的独立危险因素[OR(95%CI)=1.199(1.033~1.393)、1.547(1.009~2.373)、1.108(1.040~1.180)],氧合指数升高、miR-27a升高为独立保护因素[OR(95%CI)=0.973(0.958~0.989)、0.903(0.844~0.965)];血清miR-27a、FOXO3 mRNA水平及二者联合预测老年重症肺炎并发ARDS患者死亡的曲线下面积分别为0.784、0.786、0.879,二者联合的AUC大于血清miR-27a、FOXO3 mRNA水平单独预测(Z/P=2.550/0.011、2.963/0.003)。结论老年重症肺炎并发ARDS患者血清miR-27a水平降低,FOXO3 mRNA水平升高,与疾病加重和预后不良密切相关,二者联合预测老年重症肺炎并发ARDS患者死亡的价值较高。

呼气末正压联合俯卧位通气治疗重症肺炎伴急性呼吸窘迫综合征的临床效果

目的:探讨呼气末正压(PEEP)联合俯卧位通气治疗重症肺炎伴急性呼吸窘迫综合征的临床效果。方法:选取2022年5月—2023年4月柳州市柳铁中心医院收治的重症肺炎伴急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者90例作为研究对象,采取随机数字表法分为两组,各45例。对照组采用仰卧位机械通气治疗,观察组采用PEEP联合俯卧位通气治疗。比较两组治疗效果。结果:治疗前,两组氧分压(PO_(2))、血氧饱和度(SO_(2))、二氧化碳分压(PCO_(2))水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组PO_(2)、SO_(2)高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,两组PCO_(2)低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))、最大肺活量(FVC)、FEV_(1)/FVC比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组FEV_(1)、FVC、FEV_(1)/FVC高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.015)。观察组住院时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:PEEP联合俯卧位通气治疗重症肺炎伴急性呼吸窘迫综合征的临床效果显著,可改善患者呼吸功能及肺部功能,缩短住院时间。

急性胰腺炎并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征的发病机制研究进展

急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)是消化系统中常见的急性腹痛疾病之一。导致AP疾病进展及致命的主要因素包括全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)和多器官功能衰竭(MOF)。急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)作为AP最常见、最严重的早期并发症之一,与高病死率密切相关。然而,重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)并发ARDS的发病机制尚未完全阐明,可能与初始腺泡细胞损伤后核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)的激活、大量炎症介质释放以及免疫细胞介入等复杂因素相关,形成全身炎症瀑布反应。因此,本研究详细阐述NF-κB在AP发展早期的关键作用,揭示了NF-κB如何将初始腺泡损伤与全身炎症相关联,并导致肺泡弥漫性损伤。这不仅深化了临床医师对AP并发ARDS的理解,还为临床治疗提供潜在治疗靶点和理论依据。