B-type natriuretic peptide in predicting the severity of community-acquired pneumonia

BACKGROUND: Although pneumonia severity index(PSI) is widely used to evaluate the severity of community-acquired pneumonia(CAP), the calculation of PSI is very complicated. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP) in predicting the severity of CAP.METHODS: For 202 patients with CAP admitted to the emergency department, BNP levels, cardiac load indexes, inf lammatory indexes including C-reactive protein(CRP), white blood cell count(WBC), and PSI were detected. The correlation between the indexes and PSI was investigated. BNP levels for survivor and non-survivor groups were compared, and a receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis was performed on the BNP levels versus PSI.RESULTS: The BNP levels increased with CAP severity(r=0.782, P<0.001). The BNP levels of the high-risk group(PSI classes IV and V) were signifi cantly higher than those of the low-risk group(PSI classes I–III)(P<0.001). The BNP levels were signifi cantly higher in the non-survivor group than in the survivor group(P<0.001). In addition, there were positive correlations between BNP levels and PSI scores(r=0.782, P<0.001). The BNP level was highly accurate in predicting the severity of CAP(AUC=0.952). The optimal cut-off point of BNP level for distinguishing high-risk patients from low-risk ones was 125.0 pg/m L, with a sensitivity of 0.891 and a specifi city of 0.946. Moreover, BNP level was accurate in predicting mortality(AUC=0.823). Its optimal cut-off point for predicting death was 299.0 pg/m L, with a sensitivity of 0.675 and a specifi city of 0.816. Its negative predictive cut-off value was 0.926, and the positive predictive cut-off value was 0.426.CONCLUSION: BNP level is positively correlated with the severity of CAP, and may be used as a biomarker for evaluating the severity of CAP.

Comparative efficacy of levofloxacin and ceftriaxone in the treatment of community acquired pneumonia in children

Pneumonia is a common cause of mortality and morbidity in under-5 children throughout the world. Globally an estimated 156 million new episodes of pneumonia occur each year in children and 2 million children die from pneumonia each year which is 20 percent of all deaths of children under five years old. Ceftriaxone is a commonly used drug for empiric treatment of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. Levofloxacin may be an adequate option for empiric therapy in treatment of CAP in children because it gives the broad spectrum activity against both bacterial and atypical pathogens causing CAP and studies suggest that it can be safely used in children. This open labeled, randomized, comparative clinical trial was carried out in the Department of Pediatrics, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh during January, 2011 & December, 2012 to compare the efficacy of levofloxacin and ceftriaxone in the treatment CAP in children. A total 70 cases of CAP were enrolled. 35 cases were allocated to levofloxacin group and another 35 cases to ceftriaxone group. At first the study cases were selected by systematic random sampling. Group allocation to either levofloxacin or ceftriaxone group was done by lottery method. Total duration for receiving study drugs was seven days. Dose of levofloxacin was 10 mg/kg/day children ≥5 years, where as it was 10 mg/kg 12 hourly in 6 months to <5 years age groups. Dose of ceftriaxone was 75 mg/kg/day. Response to treatment was assessed initially after 3 days and also after 7 days by clinical symptoms and signs. Clinical cure rate was determined by disappearance of the clinical signs and symptoms of pneumonia and resolution of radiological findings reported at admission. Clinical responses were categorized as cured and treatment failure. 91.43% cases were cured in levofloxacin group, whereas cure rate of ceftriaxone group was 68.57% which was statistically significant (p = 0.0168). Adverse effects of levofloxacin were found as skin rash in 1 case and vomiting in 2 cases whereas skin rash was found in 1 case in ceftriaxone group. So it can be concluded that levofloxacin is more effective than ceftriaxone in the treatment of CAP in children.

Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Moxifloxacin Versus Cefoperazone with Azithromycin in the Treatment of Community Acquired Pneumonia

Summary： To compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of intravenous moxifloxacin with those of a commonly used empirical antibiotic regimen, cefoperazone and azithromycin in the treatment of community acquired pneumonia （CAP） in adult patients requiring initial parenteral therapy, 40 patients with CAP were divided into two groups, a moxifloxacin group （n=20） and a control group （n=20）, which were treated for 7 to 14 days. The patients in the moxifloxacin group were intravenously given 400 mg of moxifloxacin （AveloxR） once a day. Patients in the control group were administered 2.0 g of cefoperazone twice a day and azithromycin 0.5 g once a day. Clinical, bacteriological, and laboratory examinations were performed before the treatment, and at the end of the treatment. Our results showed that there was no significant difference in the clinical efficacy rate between two treatment groups at end of therapy （90 % for moxifloxacin, 95 % for cefoperazone plus azithromycin） （P〉0.05）. The bacteriologic eradication rate at the end of treatment was 90 % in the moxifloxacin group and 80 % in the cefoperazone-plus-azithromycin group, whereas there was no significant difference between the two groups （P〉0.05）. In addition, both drugs were well-tolerated in this trial, with the number of drug-related adverse events being comparable. It is concluded that moxifloxacin is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for CAP and was equivalent to the com- monly used empirical treatment of cefoperazone plus azithromycin. Moxifloxacin is likely to offer clinicians an alternative for reliable empirical CAP treatment in the face of increasing antibiotic resistance.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Community Acquired Pneumonia with Septicemia in a Previously Healthy Woman

A previously healthy 53-year-old woman was urgently hospitalized due to septic shock. She was diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia based on chest radiograph and computed tomography findings of right upper lobe consolidation. Sputum Gramstain at the time of admission showed gram-negative rods with phagocytosis. Intravenous meropenem was immediately initiated as empiric antibacterial therapy. Bacterial culture specimens from sputum and blood were positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Following appropriate antibiotic therapies, the patient recovered from a shock state and gradually became well. There has been no evidence of recurrence at 6 months after discharge. P. aeruginosa community acquired pneumonia with septicemia is rapidly progressive and often fatal. The choice of initial empiric antibiotic treatment that is active against P. aeruginosa is critical in improving outcome.

Study on inflammatory factors and curative effect of Rhizoma Imperata on community acquired pneumonia based on TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway

Objective:To investigate the curative effect of Rhizoma Imperata in the treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia and its influence on inflammatory factors related to TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway,so as to seek new drugs for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia.Methods:120 patients with community-acquired pneumonia who were treated in Department of respiratory medicine,the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College from November 2019 to September 2020 were collected and randomly divided into control group and experimental group,with 60 patients in each group.The control group was given cefuroxime sodium injection,and the experimental group was given cefuroxime sodium injection+Baimao root decoction.The levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(CRP)and the level of serum CRP in the two groups before and after treatment were compared Objective To observe the expression of procalcitonin(PCT),IL-6,IL-8,TNF-αand TLR4/NF-κB mRNA levels,and to observe the effect of Radix Imperata Rubra on community-acquired pneumonia.Results:The fever,cough,expectoration subsided time and chest CT inflammation absorption time of the experimental group were shorter than those of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the total effective rate of the experimental group(96.67%)was higher than that of the control group(85%),the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);after treatment,the serum CRP,PCT,IL-6,IL-8,TNF-αin the two groups were lower than before,and the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),There was statistical significance(P<0.05);after treatment,TLR4/NF-κB mRNA of the two groups were decreased,and the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:In the treatment of cap,Rhizoma Imperata can reduce the levels of CRP,PCT,IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α.The mechanism is related to inhibiting the activation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway,so as to reduce the release of inflammatory factors and improve clinical symptoms.

Effect of Elephantopus scaber Linn on community acquired pneumonia through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway

Objective:To observe the effect of Elephantopus scaber Linn on community-acquired pneumonia and its relationship with the expression of TLR4/NF-κB pathway and the downstream inflammatory cytokines IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α.and to explore its molecular mechanism for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia,so as to provide new ideas and theoretical basis for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia.Methods:140 patients with community-acquired pneumonia were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 70 cases in each group.Observation group:Elephantopus scaber Linn+NS atomized inhalation+intravenous injection of ceftazidine;Control group:intravenous injection of ceftazidine;Meanwhile,70 healthy subjects were selected as the healthy control group.The expressions of TLR4,NF-kB,IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-αin serum of observation group,control group before and after treatment and healthy control group were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the efficacy of Elephantopus scaber Linn in the treatment of community acquired pneumonia was observed.Results:Compared with the control group,the observation group was significantly better than the control group in recovery rate,total effective rate,number of days for the disappearance of symptoms such as fever,cough,expectoration,with statistical significance(P<0.05);Compared with the healthy control group,the serum TLR4,NF-κB,IL-6,IL-8,TNF-αwere significantly different(P<0.05)between the observation group and the control group;Serum TLR4,NF-κB,IL-6,IL-8,TNF-αwere significantly different(P<0.05)in the observation group before and after treatment with Elephantopus scaber Linn;Compared with the control group after treatment,there were significantly different(P<0.05)in serum TLR4,NF-κB,IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-αin the observation group after treatment.Conclusion:Serum TLR4,NF-κB,IL-6,IL-8,TNF-αwere highly expressed in patients with community-acquired pneumonia,Elephantopus scaber Linn can decreased the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB in blood,and its downstream inflammatory factors also decreased significantly.There were significantly different(P<0.05)in blood TLR4 and NF-κB between the observation group and the control group after treatment.It is suggested that Elephantopus scaber Linn may inhibit TLR4/NF-kB signal pathway to exert anti-inflammatory effect.Elephantopus scaber Linn has a definite effect and can significantly improve the clinical symptoms,and effectively shorten the treatment cycle.

Clinical application of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio combined with high sensitive C reactive protein in evaluation of community acquired pneumonia

Objective:To explore the application value of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) combined with high sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) in the evaluation of community acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods:From November 2015 to October 2016, 58 cases of CAP patients admitted in our department were selected as research objects and were divided into low risk group and high risk group according to the PSI score and CURB-65 standard for evaluation. They were divided into improved group (48 cases) and death group (10 cases) according to prognosis. Hs-CRP was determined by immunoturbidimetric assay, procalcitonin (PCT) by immunofluorescence, NLR by count method of laser scattering, and white blood (WBC) was counted. The differences in WBC, PCT, NLR and hs-CRP between different risk groups were compared, and the correlation was evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation analysis method. The changes in indexes were observed in the improved and death cases. Results:The high risk group had higher NLR, PCT and hs-CRP than low risk group (P<0.05), while no significant difference was found in WBC (P>0.05). No correlation was found between NLR and WBC, while a strong correlation was found between hs-CRP and PCT. The WBC, PCT, NLR and hs-CRP levels were significantly lower in the improved group than the death group (P<0.05). Conclusions:NLR combined with hs-CRP, WBC, and PCT has a good assessment of the severity of CAR, and high levels of NLR, hs-CRP, WBC, and PCT predict the severity of the disease and poor prognosis.

血浆神经元特异性烯醇化酶水平对重症社区获得性肺炎患者ICU死亡的预测价值

目的观察不同时间点神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)水平对重症社区获得性肺炎(SCAP)患者ICU死亡的预测价值。方法选取2021年6月至2023年6月在河北省人民医院急诊重症监护病房(EICU)住院的74例SCAP患者。患者于入院后12小时内检测血中性粒细胞计数、血肌酐(Scr)、白蛋白(Alb)、降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)和白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平。于患者入院后第1天[NSE(day1)]和第4天[NSE(day4)]早晨采集NSE血样进行检验。并根据患者ICU内是否死亡分为生存组(n=57)和死亡组(n=17)。采用多因素logistic回归分析、受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线及曲线下面积(AUC)评价上述参数的预测效果。结果死亡组患者急性生理和慢性健康II评分(APACHE II score)、IL-6水平、中性粒细胞计数、NSE(day1)和NSE(day4)水平高于生存组(P<0.05),氧合指数(PaO_(2)/FiO_(2))明显低于生存组(P<0.05)。APACHE IIscore、IL-6水平、中性粒细胞计数、NSE(day1)和NSE(day4)水平与SCAP患者ICU死亡呈弱的正相关(P<0.05),PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)与患者ICU死亡呈弱的负相关(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,APACHE IIscore和NSE(day4)与SCAP患者ICU死亡相关(P<0.05)。APACHE II score和NSE(day4)预测SCAP患者ICU死亡的AUC分别为0.729(95%CI 0.613~0.826)和0.787(95%CI0.676~0.874),两者的AUC差异无统计学意义(P=0.561)。NSE(day4)预测患者ICU死亡的敏感性和特异性分别为57.89%和88.24%(临界值为14.83μg/L)。结论NSE(day4)是SCAP患者ICU死亡的独立预测指标,是评估SCAP患者预后的一个很好的替代选择。

个性化早期综合肺康复护理在老年重症社区获得性肺炎机械通气患者中的应用

目的探索个性化早期综合肺康复护理在老年重症社区获得性肺炎(SCAP)行机械通气治疗患者中的应用效果。方法选取医院收治100例老年重症社区获得性肺炎行机械通气患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组50例和试验组50例。对照组实施常规综合护理干预,试验组在对照组基础上实施个性化早期综合肺康复护理。比较两组干预后的呼吸生理指标(肺氧合功能、乳酸、浅快呼吸指数)、炎症相关指标、机械通气时间、首次脱机成功率、ICU治疗时间、机械通气并发症(肺不张发生率、肢体血栓发生率)。结果干预后,试验组氧合指数值高于对照组(P<0.05),浅快呼吸指数、血清乳酸值、白细胞计数、降钙素原、C反应蛋白水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组的首次脱机成功率高于对照组(P<0.05),机械通气时间、ICU治疗时间、肺不张发生率、肢体血栓发生率及并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论个性化早期肺综合康复护理能够有效改善老年SCAP机械通气患者的肺氧合功能,减轻炎症反应,降低并发症发生率,促进患者康复。

补肺活血胶囊辅助治疗对老年重症社区获得性肺炎患者康复进程、Th17/Treg失衡及RORγt、FOXP3表达的调控作用

目的探究补肺活血胶囊辅助治疗对老年重症社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者康复进程、Th17/Treg失衡及RORγt、FOXP3表达的调控作用。方法选取2022年5月至2023年7月河南省人民医院收治的102例老年重症CAP患者作为研究对象,按随机数表法分为对照组和观察组各51例,对照组患者予以头孢哌酮舒巴坦钠治疗,观察组患者在对照组治疗的基础上予以补肺活血胶囊治疗,疗程一周。治疗后比较两组患者的疗效、康复进程,以及治疗前后的肺功能[第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FVE_(1)%)、FEV_(1)/用力肺活量(FEV_(1)/FVC)、FVC]、外周血Th17、Treg比例、相应细胞因子白介素-10(IL-10)、白介素-17(IL-17)、特异性转录因子RAR相关孤儿受体γt(RORγt)、叉头蛋白P3(FOXP3)表达和急性生理与慢性健康(APACHE)Ⅱ、临床肺部感染(CPIS)评分,同时比较两组患者治疗期间的不良反应情况。结果治疗一周后,观察组患者的总有效率为94.12%,高于对照组的76.47%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者体温恢复、咳嗽缓解、机械通气及ICU入住时间分别为(4.86±1.32)d、(5.69±1.75)d、(8.10±1.96)d、(11.32±1.68)d,均短于对照组的(6.54±1.85)d、(7.12±1.63)d、(12.75±2.54)d、(15.47±2.10)d,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组FEV_(1)/FVC、FVC、FVE_1%分别为(75.24±4.63)%、(4.26±0.12)L、(80.86±3.41)%,明显高于对照组的(70.36±4.23)%、(4.12±0.10)L、(76.69±4.34)%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组患者Th17、IL-17水平分别为(2.13±0.54)%、(11.85±1.78)pg/mL,明显低于对照组的(3.27±0.86)%、(15.32±2.57)pg/mL,Treg、IL-10水平分别为(7.86±1.12)%、(15.32±2.58)pg/mL,明显高于对照组的(5.33±1.27)%、(11.47±2.35)pg/mL,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组患者RORγt相对表达量为1.35±0.34,明显低于对照组的1.35±0.34,FOXP3相对表达量为6.33±1.05,明显高于对照组的4.76±1.18,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组APACHEⅡ、CPIS评分分别为(10.14±1.17)分、(3.12±0.87)分,明显低于对照组的(13.63±1.29)分、(4.86±0.93)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗期间,观察组患者的不良反应总发生率为11.76%,略高于对照组的7.84%,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论补肺活血胶囊辅助治疗老年重症CAP有助于改善患者的肺功能和免疫功能,减轻病情程度,其作用可能与Th17/Treg细胞分化及其转录因子RORγt、FOXP3表达变化有关。

Efficacy and significance of various scores for pneumonia severity in the management of patients with community-acquired pneumonia in China

Background Community-acquired pneumonia （CAP） remains one of the leading causes ot death from infectious diseases around the world.Most severe CAP patients are admitted to the intensive care unit （ICU）,and receive intense treatment.The present study aimed to evaluate the role of the pneumonia severity index （PSI）,CURB-65,and sepsis score in the management of hospitalized CAP patients and explore the effect of ICU treatment on prognosis of severe cases.Methods A total of 675 CAP patients hospitalized in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine were retrospectively investigated.The ability of different pneumonia severity scores to predict mortality was compared for effectiveness,while the risk factors associated with 30-day mortality rates and hospital length of stay （LOS） were evaluated.The effect of ICU treatment on the outcomes of severe CAP patients was also investigated.Results All three scoring systems revealed that the mortality associated with the low-risk or intermediate-risk group was significantly lower than with the high-risk group.As the risk level increased,the frequency of ICU admission rose in tandem and LOS in the hospital was prolonged.The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve in the prediction of mortality were 0.94,0.91 and 0.89 for the PSI,CURB-65 and sepsis score,respectively.Compared with the corresponding control groups,the mortality was markedly increased in patients with a history of smoking,prior admission to ICU,respiratory failure,or co-morbidity of heart disease.The differences were also identified in LOS between control groups and patients with ICU treatment,heart,or cerebrovascular disease.Logistic regression analysis showed that age over 65 years,a history of smoking,and respiratory failure were closely related to mortality in the overall CAP cohort,whereas age,ICU admission,respiratory failure,and LOS at home between disease attack and hospital admission were identified as independent risk factors for mortality in the high-risk CAP sub-group.The 30-day mortality of patients who underwent ICU treatment on admission was also higher than for non-ICU treatment,but much lower than for those patients who took ICU treatment subsequent to the failure of non-ICU treatment.Conclusions Each severity score system,CURB-65,sepsis severity score and especially PSI,was capable of effectively predicting CAP mortality.Delayed ICU admission was related to higher mortality rates in severe CAP patients.

Impact of the socioeconomic status on the severity and outcome of community-acquired pneumonia among Egyptian children: a cohort study

Background:Community-acquired pneumonia(CAP)is one of the five leading causes of death among children in developing countries,accounting for approximately three million deaths per year.Identification of the modifiable risk factors of CAP may help to reduce the burden of this disease.In this study,the impact of the socioeconomic status(SES)on the severity and outcome of CAP among Egyptian children was studied.Methods:This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study which included 1,470 children diagnosed with CAP,aged two to 15 years(median age 5.4 years).The diagnosis of CAP was based on clinical and radiological findings.A structured questionnaire and the patients’medical records were used for the data collection.The subjects were divided into two groups:mild and severe CAP.Social and demographic variables were compared,and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed.Results:The multivariate analysis showed that a low maternal education level(OR:3.8;95%CI:2.12-6.70;P=.0001),unavailability of adequate medical care(OR:3.1;95%CI:1.99-4.88;P=.0001),a low family income(OR:2.2;95%CI:0.99-4.78;P=.047),and parents’smoking habits(OR:2.0;95%CI:1.15-3.55;P=.014)were significant independent predictive risk factors for severe CAP among Egyptian children.Conclusion:Public health measures against these socio-demographic risk factors should be identified as priorities in order to help reduce the disease burden of deaths from severe CAP among Egyptian children.

康替唑胺与利奈唑胺对70岁以上重症院内获得性肺炎患者的疗效比较

背景康替唑胺作为抗革兰阳性菌的新型药物,其疗效不劣于利奈唑胺,且不良反应的发生情况较利奈唑胺更低,但其在医院获得性肺炎(hospital acquired pneumonia,HAP)领域应用尚少。目的比较康替唑胺治疗利奈唑胺对高龄重症院内获得性肺炎(severe hospital acquired pneumonia,SHAP)患者的疗效及不良反应。方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第二医学中心2021年1月1日—2023年2月15日发生SHAP、年龄≥70岁且在院内接受康替唑胺(800 mg,口服,1次/12 h)或利奈唑胺(600 mg,静滴或口服,1次/12 h)治疗患者的一般资料和临床资料,比较两组临床疗效及不良反应。结果共纳入358例患者。康替唑胺组111例,年龄(92.91±6.93)岁,男性占88.3%(98/111);利奈唑胺组247例,年龄(92.19±6.92)岁,男性占91.9%(227/247)。两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。康替唑胺组与利奈唑胺的临床有效率分别为55.0%(61/111)和61.1%(151/247),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对一般及临床基线指标进行倾向性评分匹配后,康替唑胺组与利奈唑胺组各36例患者,两组间临床有效率(61.1%vs 69.4%,P=0.458)、微生物清除率(22.2%vs 27.8%,P=0.296)差异均无统计学意义。康替唑胺组血小板下降的发生率显著低于利奈唑胺组(50.0%vs 80.6%,P=0.006);康替唑胺组和利奈唑胺组血红蛋白下降发生率分别为41.7%和61.1%,红细胞下降发生率分别为50.0%和61.1%,乳酸升高的发生率分别为44.1%和54.3%,乳酸酸中毒发生率分别为29.4%和34.3%,两组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论康替唑胺治疗高龄SHAP的疗效与利奈唑胺相当,但其引起的血小板下降发生率显著低于利奈唑胺。

儿童重症肺炎支原体肺炎的临床特征分析

目的 探讨儿童重症肺炎支原体肺炎(severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, SMPP)的临床特征。方法回顾性收集2018年1月1日至2021年12月31日间在华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院儿童重症监护室住院治疗的SMPP患儿的临床资料,并分析其临床特征数据。结果 84例SMPP患儿中,72月龄最常见。年长儿组人数明显多于婴幼儿组(59 vs.25,P<0.05)。SMPP检出率最高的月份是7月。主要临床表现为发热、咳嗽、肺外症状。73.8%的患儿出现了肺部体征的改变,33.3%的患儿在病程中存在肺外并发症。支气管肺泡灌洗液病原宏基因组二代测序(metagenomic next-generation sequencing, mNGS)中肺炎支原体阳性率为100.0%,核酸检测的阳性率为80.5%,高于其他检测方式。年龄、入科氧流量、入院乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)值是引起SMPP需要连续气道正压通气或有创呼吸机等高级呼吸支持的独立危险因素。结论 SMPP患儿发热以高热为主,发热时间长,可伴有严重肺外并发症。年龄越小的SMPP患儿其肺部病变越重。支气管肺泡灌洗液mNGS是一种快速、特异性高的诊断方法。

早期活动联合电刺激神经肌肉改善重症肺炎患者ICU获得性衰弱

目的 探究早期活动联合电刺激神经肌肉用于改善重症肺炎重症监护室获得性衰弱(ICU-AW)患者的效果。方法 选取150例上海市某三甲医院急诊重症监护室(EICU)入住的重症肺炎引发的ICU-AW患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组(75例)和联合组(75例)。其中对照组给予早期活动,联合组给予早期活动联合电刺激神经肌肉。比较2组机械通气恢复情况(ICU住院时间、机械通气时间、脱机拔管率、ICU转出率)、肺功能[用力肺活量(FVC)、第1s用力呼气容积(FEV1)/FVC、最大吸气末压力(MIP)]、肌力[医学研究理事会(MRC)评分]、疾病严重程度[急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)]及并发症发生情况。结果 联合组ICU住院时间、机械通气时间明显低于对照组(P<0.05);与干预前比较,2组干预后FVC、FEV1/FVC、MIP及MRC评分均明显升高(P<0.05),且与对照组比较,联合组明显升高(P<0.05);2组APACHEⅡ评分均明显降低(P<0.05),且与对照组比较,联合组明显降低(P<0.05);联合组并发症发生率(9.33%)明显低于对照组(24.00%)(P<0.05)。结论 早期活动联合电刺激神经肌肉用于重症肺炎ICU-AW患者可有效促进机体恢复,提高肺功能,安全有效。

红细胞分布宽度/白蛋白比值对重症社区获得性肺炎不良结局预测价值

目的 探讨红细胞分布宽度/白蛋白(RDW/ALB)比值对重症社区获得性肺炎(sCAP)不良结局的预测价值。方法 分析107例sCAP患者的临床资料,根据30 d预后情况分为预后不良组和预后良好组。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析,揭示预后的影响因素。采用受试者特征工作(ROC)曲线分析RDW/ALB比值预测预后的能力。结果 sCAP患者预后不良组RDW/ALB比值的中位数显著高于预后良好组(P<0.05),RDW/ALB比值越高,30 d预后不良发生率越高(OR=1.155,95%CI:1.007~2.430,P<0.05)。计算RDW/ALB比值曲线下面积(AUC)为0.761(95%CI:0.665~0.857),高于肺炎严重程度指数(PSI)评分的0.740(95%CI:0.643~0.837)(P<0.05)。当RDW/ALB比值与PSI评分结合时,AUC值增加到0.817(95%CI:0.736~0.899),高于PSI评分或单独的RDW/ALB比值(P<0.05)。结论 RDW/ALB比值具有较好预测重症社区获得性肺炎不良结局的价值。

清热养阴法阻断社区获得性肺炎转化重症的回顾性分析

目的总结非重症社区获得性肺炎(CAP)院内发生重症肺炎(SP)的相关因素,同时探究早期运用清热养阴方对减少SP发生及相关预后的影响。方法采取回顾性研究的方法,收集符合标准的2018年6月至2023年3月间江苏省中医院急诊科病房收治的CAP病例资料,分析院内SP的发生情况,以及影响SP发生的因素,并根据住院前5 d完整运用清热养阴方中药参与治疗,定义为中药组,其余为对照组,分析中药治疗对减少SP发生与临床疗效的影响。结果共纳入研究病例1235例,其中院内14 d内发生SP 79例,其中,年龄≥65(OR=3.673)、中药治疗(OR=2.683)、低氧血症(OR=5.788)、白细胞(OR=1.592)、降钙素原(OR=0.491)、胆碱酯酶(OR=0.998)为影响中低危CAP院内发生SP的因素;中药组680例,对照组555例,在倾向性匹配后,各497例纳入分析,中药组院内SP发生率低于对照组(P=0.041),临床有效率优于对照组(P=0.025)。结论中低危CAP病患中,年龄≥65岁,PSI评分、白细胞计数、降钙素原高,胆碱酯酶低,合并低氧血症可增加院内发生SP的风险,同时清热养阴方早期运用可减少重症的发生,并对预后有积极意义。

重症社区获得性肺炎患者发生心力衰竭危险因素的分析

目的:探讨重症社区获得性肺炎患者(severe community-acquired pneumonia,SCAP)发生心力衰竭(heart failure,HF)的危险因素。方法:回顾性收集2021年11月至2023年5月,河北中石油中心医院住院治疗的SCAP 113例患者,合并心力衰竭为病例组(n=53)及未出现HF对照组(n=60)。比较两组患者住院期间的临床资料、超声检查参数、实验室参数间的差异,并将P<0.05的变量纳入多因素Logistic回归模型,评估SCAP患者发生HF的危险因素。结果:纳入53例病例组和60例对照组患者,多因素Logistic回归分析显示,冠心病(OR=3.64,95%CI:1.26~10.53,P=0.02)、心律失常(OR=5.66,95%CI:1.72~18.66,P=0.01)、急性心肌梗死(OR=3.72,95%CI:1.52~9.12,P=0.004)、使用有创呼吸机(OR=3.36,95%CI:1.13~9.98,P=0.03)是SCAP患者发生HF的危险因素。结论:冠心病、心律失常、急性心肌梗死、使用有创呼吸机是SCAP患者发生HF的危险因素。

HIV/AIDS患者发生重症肺炎的影响因素分析

目的探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)/获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)患者发生重症肺炎的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2023年8月宁夏医科大学总医院感染性疾病科收治的139例HIV/AIDS合并肺部感染患者的临床资料,其中重症肺炎组48例,非重症肺炎组91例,采用logistic回归分析HIV/AIDS患者发生重症肺炎的影响因素,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析各指标对重症肺炎的预测价值。结果139例HIV/AIDS合并肺部感染患者中,重症肺炎发生率为34.5%(48/139)。单因素分析结果显示:咳嗽、气短、中性粒细胞百分比、淋巴细胞百分比、淋巴细胞绝对值、凝血酶原活动度(PTA)、CD4^(+)T及CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞计数、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、清蛋白、病原体种数大于或等于2种、持续强效抗反转录病毒疗法(ART)治疗(>3个月)与HIV/AIDS患者发生重症肺炎显著相关(P<0.05),logistic逐步回归分析发现,既往患肺孢子菌肺炎(PCP)、病原体种数大于或等于2种、NLR升高、PTA升高、气短是HIV/AIDS患者发生重症肺炎的独立危险因素(P<0.05),持续ART治疗(>3个月)、CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞计数是其独立保护因素(P<0.05)。多因素联合预测的曲线下面积(AUC)最大(AUC=0.917,95%可信区间0.873~0.961,P<0.01)。结论HIV/AIDS患者发生重症肺炎与既往患PCP、病原体种数大于或等于2种、高NLR、高PTA、气短、是否持续ART治疗(>3个月)、CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞计数密切相关。多因素联合预测具有较好的预测价值。

多细胞因子在儿童重症与传染性社区获得性肺炎早期应用

目的:探讨多细胞因子在儿童重症与传染性社区获得性肺炎早期应用价值。方法:选取郴州市第一人民医院儿童社区获得性肺炎轻症35例,重症35例,分别纳入对照组与研究组。采用流式细胞学技术检测血清细胞因子水平,比较两组间差异。结果:研究组与传染组IL-6水平分别高于对照组与非传染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他细胞因子水平无显著差异;疾病早期预测ROC曲线下面积IL-6为0.638(95%CI:0.508—0.768,P<0.05)。结论:儿童社区获得性肺炎重症、传染性病原感染早期IL-6显著升高,联合CRP检测对疾病预测有重要意义。