Accidental placement of venous return catheter in the superior vena cava during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe pneumonia: A case report

BACKGROUND Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(V-V ECMO)has become an important treatment for severe pneumonia,but there are various complications during the treatment.This article describes a case with severe pneumonia success-fully treated by V-V ECMO,but during treatment,the retrovenous catheter,which was supposed to be in the right internal vein,entered the superior vena cava directly in the mediastinum.The ECMO was safely withdrawn after multidiscip-linary consultation.Our experience with this case is expected to provide a reference for colleagues who will encounter similar situations.CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old man had severe pulmonary infection and respiratory failure.He was admitted to our hospital and was given ventilation support(fraction of inspired oxygen 100%).The respiratory failure was not improved and he was treated by V-V ECMO,during which the venous return catheter,which was supposed to be in the right internal vein,entered the superior vena cava directly in the mediastinum.There was a risk of massive mediastinal bleeding if the catheter was removed directly when the ECMO was withdrawn.Finally,the patient underwent vena cava angiography+balloon attachment+ECMO with-drawal in the operating room(prepared for conversion to thoracotomy for vascular exploration and repair at any time during surgery)after multidiscip-linary consultation.ECMO was safely withdrawn,and the patient recovered and was discharged.CONCLUSION Patients may have different vascular conditions.Multidisciplinary cooperation can ensure patient safety.Our experience will provide a reference for similar cases.

Onset time of complications in patients with severe acute pancreatitis receiving nonoperative therapy

Objective: To retrospectively analyze 85 hospitalizednonoperative patients with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) and to find out the stages of the disease.Methods: We statistically calculated the time of onsetof complications in these patients from 1987 to 1999.Results: The 95% confidence interval of total averagefor the complications of acute respiratory distress syn-drome (ARDS), shock and kidney failure was between2 to 4 days, and for encephalopathy, hemorrhage ofthe digestive tract, bacterial infection, fungous infec-tion and abscess between 3 to 6 days, 3 to 5 days, 13to 16 days, 13 to 16 days, and 14 to 23 days respec-tively. The 95% confidence interval of total averagein 18 deaths (21%) was between 5 to 6 days. ARDS,kidney failure, and shock occurred within 4 days, en-cephalopathy within 6 days (average 4.8±0.9 days),abscesses after 14 days, systemic bacterial infectionand fungous infection within half a month (average14.6±1.1days, 14.8±0.9days respectively), and deathwithin 6 days.Conclusion: According to the time of the occurrence ofcomplications, we divide the courses of the disease intothree stages: early phase(first 4 days) with ARDS,kidney failure, shock, encephalopathy and hemorrhageof the digestive tract; middle phase (5-15 days) withbacterial infection and fungous infection; late phase(15 days after the onset) with abscess.

CT Manifestations of Lung Changes and Complications in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Objective:To investigate the rol e of CT scanning in diagnosing severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS). Methods: One hundred and twelve times of spiral CT scanning, 106 t imes on the chest with standard pulmonary and mediastinal window, 5 on the brain and once on the abdomen, were performed in 82 patients (37 males and 45 females ) of SARS. Results: Bilateral shadows showed in 66 patients (80.48%) and unil ateral shadow in 16 (19.52%). The lung CT findings were sub pleural focal con solidation in 26 patients (31.70%), flaky cloudy opacity in 53 (64.63%), large a rea consolidation in 9 (10.97%), ground glass blurry shadow in 31 (37.80%), a lveolar substantive shadow in 14 (17.07%) and interstitial changes in 16 (19.51% ). The pulmonary CT signs of SARS were relatively characterized by: (1) The lesi ons tending to multiply occur, mostly to be bilaterally distributed and commonly involved in the lower lung field. (2) The lung shadows mostly showed as sub pleural focal consolidation, flaky cloudy shadow, large area consolidation, grou nd glass blurry shadow, and often accompanied with signs of broncho inflat ion. (3) Having opacified nodular shadows in the alveolar cavities. (4) Rapid pr ogressions or changes on the size, amount, and distribution of the lesions likel y to be found in dynamic observation of chest X ray and CT scanning, i.e., ma rkedly dynamic changes found within 24 to 48 hrs. Lesions with these characteris tics may be recognized as pulmonary changes possibly induced by SARS. Complicati ons were found in 6 patients (7.31%), including tuberculosis of lung and brain a ccompanied with pneumomediastinum in one patient, secondary infection of lung in 2, pneumothorax in 1, pulmonary fungus in 1, and pyothorax in 1.Conclusion: CT scanning is a sensitive method for diagnosis of SAR S, by which more accurate assessment of the abnormal changes of lung and occurre nce of complications in SARS patients can be made.

Maternal and Perinatal Complications of Severe Preeclampsia in Three Referral Hospitals in Yaoundé, Cameroon

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine maternal and perinatal complications of pregnancies complicated by severe preeclampsia in three tertiary care centers in Cameroon. Methods: We carried out a descriptive cross sectional study from the 1st of June 2012 to the 31th of June 2014, among pregnant women with severe preeclampsia followed up in three tertiary level hospitals in Yaoundé, Cameroon: the Yaoundé General Hospital, the Yaoundé Central Hospital, and the Yaoundé University Hospital. Statistical analysis was performed using EPI 3.5.5. Data were described as means ± standard deviation, percentages and numbers. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used where appropriate. Results: Of the 2500 deliveries registered during the study period, 111 cases (8.49%) were managed as severe preeclampsia. Four patients refused to participate and were excluded from the study. Most of these patients were non workers (58.0%), pauciparous (61.7%) and young (median age of 27.47 years ± 6.46). Eclampsia (12.14%), abruptio placentae (11.21%) and hypertensive retinopathy (7.47%) were the most frequent maternal complications. Two cases (1.86%) of maternal deaths occurred in patients who had eclampsia. Prematurity (48.6%), intra uterine fetal death (13.1%) and oligoamnios (11.2%) were the most frequent fetal complications. All four neonatal deaths occurred in women in whom the diagnosis of severe preeclampsia was done between 28 and 33 weeks of gestation. Conclusion: Pregnancies complicated by severe preeclampsia had significantly high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in Cameroon. The complications of severe preeclampsia can be prevented by more widespread use of antenatal care, education of primary medical care personnel, prompt diagnosis of high-risk patients and timely referral to tertiary medical centers.

Clinical Study on the Retention Enema with Modified Dahuang Mudan Decoction in Treating Lower-Jiao Obstruction Syndrome Caused by Severe Pneumonia Complicated with Heart Failure

[Objectives]To treat patients with Lower-Jiao Obstruction Syndrome caused by severe pneumonia complicated with heart failure using the retention enema with Modified Dahuang Mudan Decoction,and to observe the effect and safety of this treatment on inflammatory indicators,cardiac function,gastrointestinal function and multiple organ failure in patients with Lower-Jiao(lower energizer)Obstruction Syndrome caused by severe pneumonia complicated with heart failure.[Methods]54 patients with Lower-Jiao Obstruction Syndrome caused by severe pneumonia complicated with heart failure diagnosed in Nanchong Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were randomly divided into experimental group(n=27)and control group(n=27).The control group was given conventional treatment combined with 0.9%sodium chloride injection(100 mL)+glycerine enema(40 mL).The treatment group was treated with Modified Dahuang Mudan Decoction on the basis of conventional treatment for 7 d.The efficacy indicators and adverse events such as white blood count(WBC),C-reactive protein(CRP),procalcitonin(PCT),N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),Lausanne Intestinal Failure Estimation(LIFE)and multiple organ dysfunction score(MODS)were observed.[Results](i)There was no significant difference in WBC,PCT,CRP and NT-proBNP between the two groups before treatment.All indicators after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment in both groups(P<0.05).The levels of WBC,PCT and CRP in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group after treatment(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in NT-proBNP between the two groups after treatment(P>0.05),but the difference in NT-proBNP before and after treatment in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group.(ii)The LIFE of the two groups decreased significantly after treatment,and the improvement of LIFE of the treatment group was better than that of the control group(P<0.05).(iii)The MODS of the two groups decreased significantly after treatment(P<0.05),and the degree of decrease after treatment in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).(iv)There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality between the two groups(P>0.05).(v)No serious adverse events were found in both groups during the treatment period.[Conclusions]The conventional treatment,combined with the retention enema with Modified Dahuang Mudan Decoction could further reduce the inflammatory indicators,improve cardiac function,improve intestinal function and organ function,and the safety was good.

Early Enteral Combined with Parenteral Nutrition Treatment for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury:Effects on Immune Function,Nutritional Status and Outcomes

Objective To compare the conjoint effect of enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN)with single EN or PN on immune function, nutritional status, complications and clinical outcomes of patientswith severe traumatic brain injury (STBI).Methods A prospective randomized control trial was carried out from January 2009 to May 2012 inNeurological Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Patients of STBI who met the enrolment criteria (Glasgow ComaScale score 6~8; Nutritional Risk Screening ≥3) were randomly divided into 3 groups and were administratedEN, PN or EN＋PN treatments respectively. The indexes of nutritional status, immune function,complications and clinical outcomes were examined and compared statistically.

Surgical and interventional management of complications caused by acute pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. It requires acute hospitalization, with a reported annual incidence of 13 to 45 cases per 100000 persons. In severe cases there is persistent organ failure and a mortality rate of 15% to 30%, whereas mortality of mild pancreatitis is only 0% to 1%. Treatment principles of necrotizing pancreatitis and the role of surgery are still controversial. Despite surgery being effective for infected pancreatic necrosis, it carries the risk of long-term endocrine and exocrine deficiency and a morbidity and mortality rate of between 10% to 40%. Considering high morbidity and mortality rates of operative necrosectomy, minimally invasive strategies are being explored by gastrointestinal surgeons, radiologists, and gastroenterologists. Since 1999, several other minimally invasive surgical, endoscopic, and radiologic approaches to drain and debride pancreatic necrosis have been described. In patients who do not improve after technically adequate drainage, necrosectomy should be performed. When minimal invasive management is unsuccessful or necrosis has spread to locations not accessible by endoscopy, open abdominal surgery is recommended. Additionally, surgery is recognized as a major determinant ofoutcomes for acute pancreatitis, and there is general agreement that patients should undergo surgery in the late phase of the disease. It is important to consider multidisciplinary management, considering the clinical situation and the comorbidity of the patient, as well as the surgeons experience.

Portosplenomesenteric vein thrombosis in patients with early-stage severe acute pancreatitis

AIM To investigate the incidence and risk factors of portosplenomesenteric vein thrombosis(PSMVT) in the early stage of severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).METHODS Patients with SAP in a tertiary care setting from January 2014 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. All contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT) studies were reassessed and reviewed. Clinical outcome measures were compared between SAP patients with and without PSMVT in the early stage of the disease. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were sequentially performed to assess potential risk factors for the development of PSMVT in SAP patients. A receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was generated for the qualifying independent risk factors.RESULTS Twenty-five of the one hundred and forty(17.86%) SAP patients developed PSMVT 6.19 ± 2.43 d after acute pancreatitis(AP) onset. PSMVT was confirmed by contrast-enhanced CT. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analyses showed that Balthazar's CT severity index(CTSI) scores [odds ratio(OR): 2.742; 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.664-4.519; P = 0.000], hypoalbuminemia(serum albumin level < 25 g/L)(OR: 32.573; 95%CI: 2.711-391.353; P = 0.006) and gastrointestinal wall thickening(OR: 4.367, 95%CI: 1.218-15.658; P = 0.024) were independent risk factors for PSMVT developed in patients with SAP. The area under the ROC curve for Balthazar's CTSI scores was 0.777(P = 0.000), the sensitivity was 52%, and the specificity was 93% at a cut-off value of 5.5.CONCLUSION High Balthazar's CTSI scores, hypoalbuminemia and gastrointestinal wall thickening are independent risk factors for PSMVT developed in the early stage of SAP.

Severe acute pancreatitis in the elderly: Etiology and clinical characteristics

AIM: To investigate the etiology and clinical characteristics of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in elderly patients (≥ 60 years of age). METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively all the SAP cases treated in Xuanwu Hospital in Beijing between 2000 and 2007. RESULTS: In 169 patients with SAP, 94 were elderly and 16 died. Biliary and idiopathic etiologies were the first two causes that accounted for over 90% of SAP in the elderly. Biliary, hyperlipemic and alcoholic etiologies were the first three causes in the young. The proportion of co- morbidity of cholelithiasis, biliary infection, hypertension and coronary heart disease in the aged was significantly higher than that in their young partners. The scores of APACHE Ⅱ and Ranson were also significantly higher in the elderly except the CT score. Organ failures were more common in the elderly, but the local pancreatic complications were not different between the two groups. Mortality of the aged was correlated with the severity of SAP, multiple co-morbidity and incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). MODS was the main cause of death. CONCLUSION: The etiology of SAP in the elderly is quite different from that in the young. Biliary and unknown factors are main causes in the aged. The elderly are subject to major organ failures but there is no difference in the occurrence of local pancreatic complications between the elderly and the young. It is crucial to monitor and improve the functions of major organs so as to prevent MODS in the aged with SAP.

Postoperative complications in gastrointestinal surgery: A “hidden” basic quality indicator

Postoperative complications represent a basic quality indicator for measuring outcomes at surgical units. At present, however, they are not systematically measured in all surgical procedures. A more accurate assessment of their impact could help to evaluate the real morbidity associated with different surgical interventions, establish measures for improvement, increase efficiency and identify benchmarking services. The Clavien-Dindo Classification is the most widely used system worldwide for assessing postoperative complications.However, the postoperative period is summarized by the most serious complication without taking into account others of lesser magnitude. Recently,two new scoring systems have emerged, the Comprehensive Complication Index and the Complication Severity Score, which include all postoperative complications and quantify them from 0(no complications) to 100(patient’s death), These allow the comparison of results. It is important to train surgical staff to report and classify complications and to record 90-d morbidity rates in all patients. Comparisons with other services must take into account patient comorbidities and the complexity of the particular surgical procedure. To avoid subjectivity and bias, external audits are necessary. In addition, ensuring transparency in the reporting of the results is an urgent obligation.

After cochlear implantation: Complications related to flap around implants

Objective: To report complications related to flap around implants after cochlear implantation, possible causes of such complications and treatments. Methods and material:We performed a retrospective analysis of children in whom complications related to flap around implants occurred after undergoing cochlear implantation in our department from 2005 to 2016. Results:Complications among 1500 cochlear implantation (CI) recipients by the same surgeon included hematoma (n ? 20) and seroma around implants (n ? 15), of which most (n ? 10) recovered in 2 weeks after effective drainage, utility of antibiotics and pressure dressing, but 5 developed flap necrosis and had to undergo contralateral re-implantation. Four patients developed abscess around implants, of whom 2 recovered after 2 weeks of drainage, gentamicin irrigation and use of antibiotics, but 2 patients ended up with flap necrosis and had to receive contralateral reimplantation. Conclusions: Immediate drainage, pressure dressing and antibiotics can be used to effectively control seroma around implants. For seroma lasting for more than two weeks without improvement, surgical drainage may be need.

Diagnostic value of contrast enhanced ultrasound for splenic artery complications following acute pancreatitis

AIM: To assess the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in diagnosing splenic artery complications (SACs) after acute pancreatitis (AP). METHODS: One hundred and eighteen patients with AP were enrolled in the study. All patients were examined by CEUS and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). CECT was accepted as a gold standard for the diagnosis of SACs in AP. The diagnostic accuracy of splenic CEUS and pancreatic CEUS was compared with that of CECT. Splenic infarction was the diagnostic criterion for splenic artery embolism and local dysperfusion of the splenic parenchyma was the diagnostic criterion for splenic arterial stenosis. The incidence of splenic sub-capsular hemorrhage, splenic artery aneurysms, and splenic rupture was all lower than that of SACs. RESULTS: Nine patients were diagnosed as having SACs after AP by CECT among the 118 patients. The patients with SACs were diagnosed with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Among them, 6 lesions were diagnosed as splenic artery embolism, 5 as splenic artery aneurysms, and 1 as splenic arterial stenosis. No lesion was diagnosed by pancreatic CEUS and 5 lesions were diagnosed by splenic CEUS. By splenic CEUS, 4 cases were diagnosed as splenic artery embolism and 1 as splenic arterial stenosis. The accuracy of splenic CEUS in diagnosis of SACs in SAP was 41.7% (5/12), which was higher than that of pancreatic CEUS (0%). CONCLUSION: Splenic CEUS is a supplementary method for pancreatic CEUS in AP patients, which can decrease missed diagnosis of SACs. (C) 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All rights reserved.

Anterior abdominal abscess-a rare manifestation of severe acute pancreatitis:A case report

BACKGROUND Severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)is a common critical disease of the digestive system.In addition to the clinical manifestations and biochemical changes of acute pancreatitis,SAP is also accompanied by organ failure lasting more than 48 h.SAP is characterized by focal or extensive pancreatic necrosis,hemorrhage and obvious inflammation around the pancreas.The peripancreatic fat space,fascia,mesentery and adjacent organs are often involved.The common local complications include acute peripancreatic fluid collection,acute necrotic collection,pancreatic pseudocyst,walled off necrosis and infected pancreatic necrosis.After reviewing the literature,we found that in very few cases,SAP patients have complications with anterior abdominal wall abscesses.CASE SUMMARY We report a 66-year-old Asian male with severe acute pancreatitis who presented with intermittent abdominal pain and an increasing abdominal mass.The abscess spread from the retroperitoneum to the anterior abdominal wall and the right groin.In the described case,drainage tubes were placed in the retroperitoneal and anterior abdominal wall by percutaneous puncture.After a series of symptomatic supportive therapies,the patient was discharged from the hospital with a retroperi-toneal drainage tube after the toleration of oral feeding and the improvement of nutritional status.CONCLUSION We believe that patients with SAP complicated with anterior abdominal abscess can be treated conservatively to avoid unnecessary exploration or operation.

Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition in a Senegalese Paediatric Hospital

Malnutrition is a global health problem. It is very common in developing countries where it contributes to an increase in morbidity and mortality, especially among children under five years of age. The main objective of this study was to describe the management of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children six months to five years of age hospitalized at Diamniadio Children’s Hospital (DCH). This was an epidemiological, retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study of children aged six to 59 months hospitalized at DCH for SAM. The study took place over a 12-month period (from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018). During the study period, 67 children were admitted for SAM, representing a hospital prevalence of 8.4%. The majority (88%) children were less than 24 months old. Reasons for consultations were dominated by diarrhea (57.5%) vomiting (38.8%). Complications related to SAM were mainly: anaemia (74.6%), infections (85%) and severe acute dehydration (40.3%). Factors associated with SAM were young age (infants under 24 months of age), poverty, the first four children of a sibling, poor behaviour of food diversification. The average length of hospitalization was 12 days. The nutritional recovery rate was 73.1% and lethality was 3%. Conclusion: The prevention of malnutrition must involve the fight against poverty, an optimal and well-diversified diet, monitoring the nutritional status of children up to five years of age.

重症颅脑损伤患者术后早期营养策略探讨

目的探讨不同营养支持方式对重症颅脑损伤患者术后营养状况、并发症及预后的影响。方法72例入院当日完成手术治疗的重症颅脑损伤患者,根据院区的不同分为试验组(东湖院区)与对照组(象湖院区),每组36例。试验组实施肠内序贯喂养+肠外营养方案,对照组实施全肠内营养方案。比较两组患者的营养指标[血清总蛋白(TP)、血清白蛋白(ALB)和血红蛋白(Hb)]、三头肌皮褶厚度(TSF)、并发症(腹泻、呕吐)发生情况及预后指标[简化急性生理学评分系统Ⅱ(SAPSⅡ)评分]。结果试验组Hb水平为(97.33±7.91)g/L,高于对照组的(89.94±6.17)g/L,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组ALB、TP、TSF水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组腹泻发生率80.56%高于对照组的38.89%,腹内压(26.13±4.38)cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa)、SAPSⅡ评分(45.28±3.54)分低于对照组的(30.13±3.91)cm H2O、(55.78±10.16)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组呕吐发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论虽然两种营养方案在营养指标上无明显差别,但是肠内序贯喂养结合肠外营养可以改善患者预后。因此,在重症颅脑损伤患者术后管理上,肠内序贯喂养结合肠外营养治疗优于单一的全肠内营养治疗。

2型糖尿病伴干眼症病人血清和泪液分泌型卷曲相关蛋白5、脂肪酸结合蛋白4水平与病情严重程度的相关性

目的分析分泌型卷曲相关蛋白5(SFRP-5)、脂肪酸结合蛋白4(FABP4)在2型糖尿病(T2DM)伴干眼症病人血清和泪液中的表达及其与病情严重程度的相关性。方法选取2020年12月至2021年12月唐山市眼科医院收治的T2DM病人145例,其中单纯T2DM病人84例168眼(T2DM组),伴干眼症病人61例122眼(T2DM伴干眼症组),另选取同期该院体检健康者50例100眼作为对照组。T2DM伴干眼症病人又分为轻度组(29例)、中度组(17例)、重度组(15例)。利用酶联免疫吸附法测定所有受试者血清和泪液中SFRP-5、FABP4水平;相关性分析采用Pearson法或Spearman法;logistic回归分析影响T2DM病人干眼症发生的因素。结果T2DM伴干眼症组、T2DM组血清和泪液SFRP-5水平均低于对照组(106.09±8.37、135.72±9.26比158.34±9.45,28.85±5.13、58.27±6.14比45.18±5.92),T2DM伴干眼症组低于T2DM组(P<0.05);T2DM伴干眼症组、T2DM组血清和泪液FABP4水平均高于对照组(70.63±6.59、58.27±6.14比45.18±5.92,15.91±3.76、10.28±3.58比7.72±3.29),T2DM伴干眼症组高于T2DM组(P<0.05)。重度组、中度组血清和泪液SFRP-5水平(68.29±7.15、95.54±8.34比131.82±9.02,12.83±4.62、24.72±5.49比39.56±5.18)、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、泪液分泌试验(SIT)低于轻度组,重度组低于中度组(P<0.05);重度组、中度组血清和泪液FABP4水平(84.56±6.83、73.18±6.94比61.93±6.27,25.64±4.19、17.15±3.86比10.16±3.47)及眼表疾病指数量表(OSDI)积分高于轻度组,重度组高于中度组(P<0.05)。T2DM伴干眼症病人血清与泪液SFRP-5水平呈正相关,血清与泪液FABP4水平也呈正相关(P<0.05)。T2DM伴干眼症病人血清和泪液SFRP-5水平与OSDI积分均呈负相关,与BUT、SIT均呈正相关(P<0.05);血清和泪液FABP4水平与OSDI积分均呈正相关,与BUT、SIT均呈负相关(P<0.05)。血清和泪液SFRP-5水平是影响T2DM病人干眼症发生的独立保护因素,而血清和泪液FABP4水平是独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论SFRP-5在T2DM伴干眼症病人血清和泪液中均低表达,FABP4均高表达,二者与病情严重程度密切相关。

督导式预警性干预联合密闭式吸痰法在急诊重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者中的应用价值

目的探讨督导式预警性干预联合密闭式吸痰法在急诊重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析,采集2020年5月至2023年4月行机械通气治疗的急诊重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者88例,其中44例实施密闭式吸痰法干预的患者纳入对照组,其余44例实施督导式预警性干预联合密闭式吸痰法干预的患者纳入观察组。比较2组干预前、干预3 d时患者血气指标[动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))]、干预1、3、5 d时痰液黏稠度、干预期间并发症发生情况、住院相关指标(机械通气时间、住ICU时间、住院时间)。结果干预3 d时,2组PaO_(2)均升高,PaCO_(2)均降低,且与对照组比较,观察组PaO_(2)高,PaCO_(2)低(P<0.05)。干预1、3、5 d时观察组痰液黏稠度均优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组机械通气时间、住ICU时间及住院时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论督导式预警性干预联合密闭式吸痰法干预可改善急诊重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者血气指标,改善患者痰液黏稠度、降低并发症发生率,有助于缩短患者机械通气时间及住院时间。

基于破窗效应的干预模式对重型颅脑损伤术后患者营养状况及应激障碍程度的影响

目的分析基于破窗效应的干预模式对重型颅脑损伤术后患者营养状况及应激障碍程度的影响。方法选取2022年1~12月河南科技大学第一附属医院重症医学科收治的184例重型颅脑损伤患者作为研究对象,依据随机数表法分为对照组和观察组各92例。对照组患者采用常规护理,观察组患者在对照组的基础上联合基于破窗效应的干预模式,所有患者均护理至出院,并随访3个月。比较两组患者入院时及出院时的营养指标(白蛋白、总蛋白及血红蛋白)、格拉斯哥昏迷指数(GCS)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分以及入院时及随访3个月时的创伤后应激障碍自评量表(社会功能损伤、警觉性增加、回避症状、反复重现体现、主观评定)评分,同时比较两组患者住院期间的并发症发生情况。结果入院时,两组患者的白蛋白、总蛋白及血红蛋白含量比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);出院时,两组患者的白蛋白、总蛋白及血红蛋白含量均上升,且观察组患者的白蛋白、总蛋白及血红蛋白分别为(43.79±4.22)g/L、(69.03±5.73)g/L、(115.89±7.05)g/L,明显高于对照组的(39.17±4.60)g/L、(65.81±5.12)g/L、(108.74±6.44)g/L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);入院时,两组患者的GCS、NIHSS评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);出院时,两组患者的GCS评分均上升,NIHSS评分均下降,且观察组患者的GCS评分明显高于对照组,NIHSS评分明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);入院时,两组患者的创伤后应激障碍自评量表中的各项评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);随访3个月时,两组患者的创伤后应激障碍自评量表中的各项评分均下降,且观察组患者的社会功能损伤、警觉性增加、回避症状、反复重现体现、主观评定评分及总分分别为(2.31±0.34)分、(7.04±1.14)分、(10.11±1.26)分、(9.16±1.10)分、(1.28±0.15)分、(30.38±4.55)分,明显低于对照组的(3.42±0.46)分、(10.81±1.79)分、(14.08±1.39)分、(12.27±1.42)分、(2.24±0.26)分、(40.18±5.12)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);住院期间,观察组患者的并发症总发生率为11.96%,明显低于对照组的26.09%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于破窗效应的干预模式能够改善重型颅脑损伤术后患者营养状况,减轻应激障碍和神经功能缺损程度,降低并发症风险,具有临床应用价值。

综合性优质护理在造血干细胞移植治疗SAA患者中的应用

目的探讨综合性优质护理在行造血干细胞移植治疗的重型再生障碍性贫血(SAA)患者中的应用效果。方法前瞻性选取2019年1月至2023年1月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的86例均行造血干细胞移植治疗的SAA患者为研究对象,按随机数表法分为综合干预组和常规干预组各43例。常规干预组患者给予常规的护理干预,综合干预组患者在常规干预基础上给予综合性优质护理干预,均干预3个月。比较两组患者干预前后的心理状态[焦虑自评量表(SAS评分)、抑郁自评量表(SDS评分)]、应对方式、睡眠质量[匹兹堡睡眠质量量表(PSQI评分)]和生活质量[生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOL-74评分)],同时比较两组干预后治疗依从性及干预期间的并发症发生率。结果干预后,综合干预组患者的SAS评分、SDS评分、消极应对评分、PSQI评分分别为(45.82±1.42)分、(43.87±1.14)分、(10.32±0.76)分、(7.46±1.14)分,明显低于常规干预组的(54.38±2.28)分、(53.16±1.25)分、(14.15±0.83)分、(10.18±1.21)分,积极应对评分为(27.41±1.03)分,明显高于常规干预组的(22.96±0.75)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,综合干预组患者的社会功能评分、躯体功能评分、心理功能评分及GQOL-74总分分别为(89.14±2.25)分、(85.67±2.59)分、(87.79±1.25)分、(262.60±3.11)分,明显高于常规干预组的(80.34±1.36)分、(78.45±1.43)分、(82.34±1.08)分、(241.13±2.85)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);综合干预组患者的总治疗依从率为95.35%,明显高于常规干预组的79.07%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预期间,综合干预组患者的口腔感染、肺部感染、呕吐、腹泻发生率分别为4.65%、4.65%、18.60%、18.60%,明显低于常规干预组的23.26%、20.93%、39.53%、44.19%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论综合性优质护理可改善采用造血干细胞移植治疗的SAA患者的负性情绪,调节其应对方式,提升其治疗依从性,预防并发症的发生,进而改善患者的睡眠质量和生活质量。

有创颅内压监测下控制性阶梯式减压在重型颅脑损伤中的应用

目的:探讨有创颅内压监测下控制性阶梯式减压法治疗重型颅脑损伤者的应用价值。方法:选取2022年7月—2023年7月肇庆市第一人民医院收治的82例重型颅脑外伤者作为研究对象,将其分为对照组和试验组,每组各41例。患者均未行手术治疗,且处于急性期。对照组常规监测生命体征变化情况,试验组行脑室型有创颅内压监测探头植入术。比较两组颅内压、并发症发生率(迟发血肿、术后脑梗塞)、死亡率、格拉斯哥昏迷评分法(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)评分及预后情况。结果:术后6 h、12 h、24 h,对照组颅内压指标高于试验组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组术后并发症发生率高于试验组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后24 h、72 h、7 d,两组GCS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月,对照组恢复良好率低于试验组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:有创颅内压监测下控制性阶梯式减压疗法应用于重型颅脑损伤患者中效果理想,可改善患者颅内压指标,降低术后并发症发生率及死亡率,患者可更快恢复意识,改善预后。