High School Student’s Knowledge, Attitude and Participation in Sexual Health Education in Rural Northern Ghana

Background: In Ghana, sex education has been a part of the post-independence school curriculum, aimed to fill a significant knowledge gap, prepare them to make healthy sexual choices. However, sex education is not apparent in the schools. We aimed to understand senior high school adolescents’ knowledge, perspectives on contraceptive use, and attitude towards sexual health education in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Methods: This was a descriptive study involving 329 students (from 15 - 19) comprising males (n = 166, 50.5%) and females (n = 163, 49.5%) from a senior high school in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Eighteen-point Likert scale items with four-point responses—strongly agree, agree, disagree, and strongly disagree—were used to measure students’ perspectives in the Upper East Region, Ghana. Results: The results show that most students (n = 150, 45.6%) strongly disagreed with reporting first developmental changes to parents and teachers. For students who agree (n = 101, 30.7%), more males than females (55.4% versus 44.6%) favoured the recommendation. About 42% strongly disagreed with seeking professional counsel on contraceptive use, with more (52.6%) females in support of non-use of the advice of health personnel. Similarly, most respondents sought information on sex education from peers and were more comfortable associating and sharing adolescent experiences than with parents and teachers. Conclusion: There is inadequate knowledge of the adolescent youth on sexual health issues. Therefore, we recommend that qualitative studies be conducted to understand the students’ views on sexual and reproductive health knowledge and access to services.

Sexual and reproductive health service needs of university/ college students： updates from a survey in Shanghai, China

Aim： To promote the provision of reproductive health services to young people by exploring the attitudes and perceptions of university students in Shanghai, China, toward reproductive health. Methods： From July 2004 to May 2006, 5 243 students from 14 universities in Shanghai took part in our survey. Topics covered the demands of reproductive health-care services, attitudes towards and experience with sex, exposure to pornographic material, and knowledge on sexual health and sexually transmitted infections （STIs）/AIDS. Results： Of the 5 067 students who provided valid answer sheets, 50.05% were female and 49.95% were male, 14.86% were medical students, and 85.14% had non-medical backgrounds. A total of 38.4% of respondents had received reproductive health education previously. The majority of students supported school-based reproductive health education, and also acquired information about sex predominantly from books, schoolmates, and the Internet. Premarital sexual behavior was opposed by 17.7% of survey participants, and 37.5% could identify all the three types of STIs listed in the questionnaire. Although 83.7% knew how HIV is transmitted, only 55.7% knew when to use a condom and 57.8% knew that the use of condoms could reduce the risk of HIV infection. Conclusion： The reproductive health service is lagging behind current attitudes and demands of university students. Although students＇ attitudes towards sexual matters are liberal, their knowledge about reproductive health and STIs/AIDS is still limited. It is therefore necessary to provide effective and confidential reproductive health services to young people.

Survey on Attitude of Middle School Educators for Sex and Reproductive Health Education

Objective To get a general picture of the attitudes of middle school educators on sex and reproductive health education. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 144 middle school educators in three districts of Shanghai from September to October 2005 using anonymous self-administered questionnaire. Results The majority of the educators thought that it was necessary to launch the sex and reproductive health education in all of the middle schools in Shanghai （97. 02%）. They were aware that the age of the students＇puberty were earlier now than before （94.41%）, but the reproductive health knowledge of students was neither sufficient nor correct （78.34%）. The sex and reproductive health education had been involved in the curriculum of many middle schools （66.11%）. Lacking of qualified education staffs contributed most （90. 71%） in the schools which had not launched the sex and reproductive health education. Lacking of qualified education staffs （90.91%） challenged most in the schools which had carried the education. Conclusion The middle school educators thought it was necessary to carry the sex and reproductive health education in all of the middle schools in Shanghai while the major challenges were lacking of qualified education staffs and sufficient teaching time.

Effectiveness of a Training Program for Improving Public Health Nurses’ Attitudes and Confidence in Dealing with Men Who Have Sex with Men

Objective: This study examined the effect of an educational intervention on public health nurses’ attitudes and confidence in dealing with men who have sex with men (MSM). In Japan, HIV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact between men, and free HIV testing and counseling are provided by public health nurses. However, because of a lack of education, public health nurses do not often recognize the existence of MSM in daily life. Thus, improving public health nurses’ understanding of MSM is crucial. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design to examine public health nurses’ homophobia, confidence in dealing with MSM, and low awareness of MSM in daily life at pre-test, post-test, and 1 and 3 months follow-ups. The intervention comprised a 3-hour training session conducted between November 2012 and September 2013 in the Kinki region. Results: A total of 124 public health nurses participated in the training, 117 of which were allocated to the intervention group;182 public health nurses who did not participate in the training session were allocated to a control group. Homophobia scores had significantly decreased at post-test, and remained at that low level by the follow-up at 3 months (pre-test to post-test;p = 0.00, post-test to 1 month;p = 0.83, 1 month to 3 months;p = 0.64, pre-test to 3 months;p = 0.00). Confidence in dealing with MSM and recognition of MSM had significantly increased by post-test;these were also maintained by the follow-up at 3 months (pre-test to post-test;p = 0.0, post-test to 1month;p = 0.18, 1 to 3 months;p = 0.44, pre-test to 3 months;p = 0.0). Discussion: While the three-hour training session was short, it was effective for improving attitudes toward MSM and building confidence in dealing with them.

国内外性治疗发展现状及性治疗师培养的研究进展

随着全民、全程、全周期生命健康理念的推广,性健康越来越受到重视。性治疗师在男、女性心理健康方面发挥着至关重要的作用,但因我国内地传统思想的影响,性治疗发展相对滞后。本文对国外及我国内地和港台地区的性治疗发展现状进行分析,总结国内外性治疗师的培养情况及其能力要求,以期为我国内地以护士为群体的性治疗师的发展提供借鉴和改进方向,也为性治疗师在内地的规范化及同质化奠定一定的基础。

文献计量视角下我国性与生殖健康研究热点和变化趋势分析

目的了解我国性与生殖健康研究热点和变化趋势,为后续相关研究提供参考。方法检索2018年1月1日至2023年5月10日中国知网收录的性与生殖健康的文献,采用Excel分析发文量趋势,采用CiteSpace6.2.R2软件对纳入文献的作者、研究机构、关键词共现、关键词聚类进行图谱绘制,分析调查结果。结果共纳入分析3394篇文献,发文量整体呈逐年下降趋势;核心作者发文合计1340篇,占文献总数39.48%,该领域还未形成核心作者群;研究机构大致形成两个合作网,机构间合作较少;研究热点集中为艾滋病及其相关主题研究。结论我国性与生殖健康问题依旧严峻,应加强该研究领域的研究力量与研究合作;性与生殖健康教育相关研究较少,由国家官方教育力量发起探索将性与生殖教育纳入义务教育体系或许能有效改善我国性与生殖教育现状。

性激素替代疗法联合常规保健治疗更年期综合征的效果分析

目的:分析性激素替代疗法联合常规保健治疗更年期综合征的效果。方法:选取2020年2月—2022年2月烟台市芝罘区妇幼保健收治的70例更年期综合征患者作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分成两组,各35例。对照组采用常规保健治疗,研究组在对照组基础上采用性激素替代疗法。比较两组治疗效果。结果:治疗后,研究组焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、睡眠质量指数、自我症状评定量表评分及卵泡雌激素、黄体生成素水平低于对照组,雌二醇水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.023)。结论:性激素替代疗法联合常规保健治疗更年期综合征的效果显著,能够缓解患者负性情绪,提高睡眠质量,改善雌激素水平与临床症状。

家庭环境对青少年心理健康的影响与性别差异

目的探究家庭环境对青少年心理健康的影响以及作用机制。方法从家庭社会经济地位、家庭冲突、家庭期望三个家庭环境因素构建影响青少年心理健康的结构方程模型,并进行中介分析和多群组分析。结果①家庭社会经济地位对青少年心理健康的直接效应显著[β=0.14,95%CI(0.09,0.19)];②家庭冲突和家庭期望在家庭社会经济地位与心理健康之间的中介效应显著[β=-0.04,95%CI(-0.06,-0.02);β=0.02,95%CI(0.01,0.05)];③性别在家庭社会经济地位通过家庭冲突影响青少年心理健康的机制中起调节作用;家庭冲突受到家庭社会经济地位的影响与性别有关(P<0.05),男生受影响程度大于女生;心理健康受到家庭冲突的影响也与性别有关(P<0.05),女生受影响程度大于男生。结论家庭社会经济地位对青少年心理健康有直接影响,还可以通过家庭冲突和家庭期望对心理健康有间接影响;男生的家庭冲突问题更突出,女生的心理健康问题更突出。

上海市青年男男性行为人群焦虑现状及影响因素分析

目的:了解上海市青年男男性行为人群(MSM)焦虑现状,寻找影响其焦虑的主要因素,为MSM健康促进及为艾滋病防控干预提高参考。方法:于2022年6~9月在上海市徐汇区、松江区、长宁区3个地区进行匿名调查,收集有效问卷1689份,并采用多元线性回归模型分析青年男男性行为人群焦虑的主要因素。结果:上海市男男性行为人群焦虑总评分为(44.60±0.40)分,高于国内常模(29.8±10.1)分。检出焦虑症状375人(22.17%),其中,轻度焦虑146人(8.64%),中度焦虑134人(7.93%),重度焦虑95人(5.63%)(t=16.110,P<0.05);多元线性回归结果显示,年龄、配偶、月收入、性取向、固定性伴侣、是否使用过精神类药品、艾滋病防治素养、是否接受预防艾滋病服务、是否定期检测、心理压力、社会态度对焦虑状态的影响具有统计学差异(P均<0.05)。结论:相比于普通人群,上海市MSM队列焦虑水平较高,要重点关注男男性行为人群的心理健康,通过个人-家庭-社会联动,从个人行为、家庭关乎社会支持多方努力,排解MSM焦虑情绪,促进其健康发展。

Communication with Parents and Peers on Sexual Matters:the Experience of Adolescents in the Northeastern of China

Objective To analyze the status of parent-child communication on sexual matters and its relationship to the sexual behaviors of adolescents. Methods The data were obtained from a study which was conducted in Changchun city of China in 2001, Unmarried adolescents aged 15-19 years old（322 males and 360females） were selected for this analysis. Results Ten percent of adolescents reported having experience of sexual intercourse （16% of male and 5% of female）. The percentages of adolescents communicating with peers, mothers and fathers were 35%, 30% and 17%, respectively, Males were more likely to talk about sexual issues with peer, while females were more likely to talk with mothers. Significant difference was also noted between the ratio of communication on sexual matters and having a girl/boyfriend with peers and with parents, There was a statistically significant relationship between sexual experience and communication with fathers among male adolescents＇, Despite the fact that parents are the most closest care providers, adolescents obtained most of the sex information from ＂reading materials＂ and from ＂teachers＂, but not from their parents. There was an age difference in the main source of obtaining sexual information. Younger adolescents obtained sexual information mainly from teachers while older adolescents mainly from reading materials. Conclusion In addition to schools and reading materials, parents should serve as an important source of information on sexual education as well.

Male sexual dysfunction in Asia

性总是是在亚洲社会的一个禁忌题目。在过去几年，然而，人的性健康的领域里的了解改善了，并且对性健康研究的兴趣最近增加了。在亚洲的可勃起的机能障碍，性腺机能减退和早泄的传染病学和流行在韦斯特是类似的。然而，几个问题对亚洲男性特定，包括文化和信仰，了解，依从和传统 / 补足的药的可获得性。在亚洲，性药仍然在它的幼年期，并且从政府，相关社会，医生和媒介的一个一致努力被要求推进性药到护理的最前线。

Self-evaluated health of married people in Jamaica

Background: In the Caribbean in particular Ja-maica, no study has been done to examine married respondents in order to understand reasons for their greater health status. The ob-jectives of the current study are: 1) examine the sociodemographic characteristics of married people in Jamaica;2) evaluate self-rated health status of married people in Jamaica;3) deter-mine factors that account for good health status of married people and 4) provide public health practitioners with empirical studies that can be used to formulate policies for men in particular non-married men in Jamaica. Materials and me- thods: Stratified random sampling technique was used to select 6,783 respondents. It was a nationally representative sample. Logistic re-gression analysis was used to ascertain the correlates of health status. Results: The mean age for women in marriage in Jamaica was 6 years lower than that of men. The correlates of good health status (including moderate health) of respondents in descending order were self- reported illness (OR = 0.12, 95%CI = 0.01- 0.17);age (OR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.93-0.96);income (OR = 1.32, 95%CI = 1.05-1.66) and sex of respon-dents (Or = 1.14-2.32)—χ2(df = 4) = 383.2, P < 0.05. The four variables accounted for 44.4% of the explanatory power of the model;with self-reported illness accounting for 32.5% of the explanatory power. Conclusion: Marriage pro-vides greater access to more socioeconomic resources for its participants as well as increase men’s unwillingness to visit medical care prac-titioners.

~1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics reveals sex-specific metabolic changes of gastrodin intervention in rats

Objective:To explore^1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics on sex-specific metabolic changes of gastrodin intervention in rats.Methods:In this research,~1H NMR-based metabolomics was used for the first time to investigate metabolic changes following chronic intervention with gastrodin in rats.Results:24 endogenous metabolites were identified.Body weight.daily diet and the total volume of urine in in each day of each rat were measured synchronously.Modifications in 12 metabolites were observsd following gastrodin intervention,indicating gastrodin-induced alterations in carbohydrate and energy metabolism.Interestingly,these metabolic changes were not totally identical in female and male rats.Some metabolic changes arising from gastrodin intervention showed sexual dimorphism including LDL/VLDL and lactate which were on the decrease in the female but on the increase in the male,together with arginine/ornithine,creatine,and glycerol which were on the increase in the female but on the decrease in the male.While the decrease in pyruvate,succinate and glutamate was only shown in the male and the increase in valine,α-ketoglutarate and glucose was only in the female.Conclusions:This resesrch shows the sex-specific metabolic response to GAS intervention,weather GAS is a healthy dietary supplement for the male merits further

Report from 24 hours reproductive health hotline in Shanghai:a preliminary analysis on first 9 months hotline data

Objectives: To study reproductive health needs of Shanghai people, and to develop appropriate measures to meet their needs.Methods: Statistical analysis of 24 hours reproductive health hotline data 4,000 random sampled sex questions, comparing answers from differen t gender and different questions (sex questions vs other non-sex questions).Results: During the first 9 months a total of 44,216 calls wer e received by medical staff. The callers included various age groups (aged 12-7 8), different marital status, from Shanghai and outside. In total, the numbers o f men and women on hotline calls were almost same. The contents of the hotline c ounseling covered all aspects of reproductive health care; among them, the issue concerning male and female sex problems and prenatal and infant health care con stituted 26.5% and 34% respectively. Men asked questions about sex more frequent ly than women, whereas women asked questions more about baby care. Questions a bout sex problems were asked more often in the late evening until next early mor ning. Conclusions: Shanghai people showed higher needs in sexual heal th care, prenatal care and baby care. When they came across some related problem s or confusions, they would like to receive the professional instant counseling. Relevant health care programmes should be established in order to meet the fer tile-aged public's reproductive health needs.

Exploring the Perspectives of Healthcare Providers on Providing HIV Prevention and Treatment Services for Key Populations in Rwanda: A Qualitative Study

Background: The overall HIV prevalence and incidence in Rwanda have decreased significantly in the past decade. However, opposite trends are seen among key populations (KP). The HIV prevalence among sex workers is as high as 51% and continues to rise. While the HIV prevalence among KP remains high, their adherence to treatment is low. Healthcare providers play a vital role in KP’s access and adherence to HIV treatment. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of healthcare providers on providing HIV services to key populations in Rwanda. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted with nurses, doctors, social workers, and psychologists who provide HIV services to KP in public health facilities in Rwanda. In-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. All data were analyzed thematically using Dedoose. Results: Interviews were conducted with 18 healthcare providers. Three overarching themes emerged from the interviews: healthcare providers’ intrinsic feelings affect the ways they provide HIV services to key populations, key populations face a multitude of challenges related to accessing treatment and preventing the spread of HIV, and a more comprehensive and sensitive approach should be used to improve HIV services for key populations. Conclusion: Healthcare providers expressed difficulties in providing services to key populations and identified a lack of adherence to treatment and prevention guidelines, structural barriers, KP’s lack of trust in the healthcare system, and the discrimination and abuse KP face as challenges to effective HIV prevention and treatment. More comprehensive services including clinical, financial, and psychosocial support from trusted sources are needed. Some important policy changes are essential to facilitate access to HIV services for KP.

Modern Health Worries and the Personality Disorders: Two Studies Using Different Measures

This paper reports on two studies using different measures of both Modern Health Worries (MHW) and the Personality Disorders (PDs) to establish the relationship between the two concepts. Study 1 used the PID-5 which is a measure of maladaptive personality traits and the extended 40 item MHW scale. Study 2 used the original 28 item measure of MHW and PDs as measured by the Coolidge Axis-II Inventory—Short Form: SCATI. In study 1 a regression on the total MHW scale accounted for 14% of the variance: those who scored higher on Antagonism and Negative Affect had higher MHW scores. In the study 2 regressions showed four variables consistently related to MHW: sex (females with higher scores), optimism, political beliefs (left wing liberals with higher scores) and those with Cluster B personality disorders (dramatic, overly emotional, erratic). There was enough overlap in the two studies to conclude that various PDs mainly from Cluster B (Moving Against others) were modestly related to MHW as predicted. Limitations and implications are considered.

“互联网+”平台联合青少年保健校园门诊促进校内青少年安全性行为应用研究

目的探讨“互联网+”平台联合青少年保健校园门诊的干预服务模式对促进校内青少年安全性行为的有效性。方法于2020年11月选取重庆市北碚区、合川区、沙坪坝区、永川区各1所大学及1所职高,将其中发生过性行为的学生作为研究对象,采用抛硬币法随机分为对照组和干预组。对照组进行常规健康宣教服务模式,干预组实施“互联网+”平台联合青少年保健校园门诊的服务模式。干预6个月后,分析干预前后研究对象的性行为、安全性行为相关知识知晓及安全套使用情况。结果与常规的健康宣教服务模式相比,“互联网+”平台联合青少年保健校园门诊的干预服务模式下,青少年6个月内发生性行为经常及每次使用安全套的比例更高(39.25%比36.77%;56.99%比36.32%),从不及偶尔使用安全套的比例更低(0.42%比2.69%;3.34%比24.22%),安全套使用自我效能得分更高[(54.24±10.69)分比(42.76±10.78)分],安全性行为相关知识知晓率也更高(82.88%比59.64%;89.77%比76.68%;92.90%比78.70%;94.57%比90.10%),且差异有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。结论“互联网+”平台联合青少年保健校园门诊的干预服务模式可有效促进校内青少年安全性行为。

Mandatory Testing for HIV and Sexually Transmissible Infections among Sex Workers in Australia: A Barrier to HIV and STI Prevention

Australia is an apt landscape upon which to measure the success of mandatory testing of HIV and sexually transmissible infections (STIs) among sex workers. Mandatory testing is implemented in some Australian jurisdictions and not others, allowing for a comprehensive comparison of the outcomes. It is apparent that mandatory testing of HIV and STIs among sex workers in Australia has proven to be a barrier to otherwise successful HIV and STI peer education, prevention and free and anonymous testing and treatment. The outcomes of mandatory testing are counterproductive to reducing HIV and STI rates, do not reach the intended target group, are costly and inefficient, and mandatory testing has proven to be a very difficult policy to repeal once in place. Scarlet Alliance, the Australian Sex Workers Association, as well as numerous academics and policy leaders in Australia recommend against mandatory testing of HIV and STIs among sex workers.

基于心理健康视角构建高校性教育体系

性教育的缺失会造成大学生缺乏健全的性认知与性道德,更容易造成大学生产生心理健康问题甚至造成一定伤害。为了全面掌握大学生性心理健康状况,文章以相关文献资料为基础,以实际调研为主线,发现大学生存在性心理与性生理相矛盾、性认知有限、缺少正规学习途径、恋爱观扭曲、所受传统美德教育薄弱,缺乏性道德的突出问题。为此,提出构建完善的大学生性教育知识体系、拓展大学生性教育的渠道,丰富性教育载体、创新教学方式与内容、细化教育群体、建立特殊学生群里指导机制等对策建议,为展开相应的性教育及正确的性引导提供科学依据,促进对大学生性健康保护和发展。

基于达标理论的跟进教育对男男性行为者HIV预防健康认知、行为特征的影响

目的 探讨基于达标理论的跟进教育对男男性行为者(MSM)关于人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)预防的干预效果。方法 将476名MSM随机分为试验组与对照组,分别给予常规健康教育、基于达标理论的跟进教育。采用χ^(2)检验比较HIV预防健康认知及行为特征。结果 干预3个月,试验组总体知晓改善率(28.57%)较对照组(19.75%)高(χ^(2)=5.056,P<0.05);干预结束后6个月,试验组近6个月每次肛交安全套使用、近6个月每次阴道交安全套使用、最近一次肛交安全套使用、最近一次阴道交安全套使用、从未通过交友软件寻找性伴侣、近6个月无商业性服务、近6个月未与3个以上男性伴侣发生性行为的改善率分别为57.32%、46.58%、45.12%、47.95%、32.31%、3.93%和15.28%,均高于对照组的41.03%、27.54%、32.05%、30.43%、23.32%、0.45%和6.73%,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)分别为8.489、5.497、5.755、4.554、4.548、4.823、8.409,P均<0.05)。结论 基于达标理论的跟进教育可有效改善MSM对HIV的预防健康认知与行为。