Effects of Health Education with Problem-Based Learning Approaches on the Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Coping Skills of Women with High-Risk Pregnancies in Plateau Areas

Objective: Given the unique cultural background, way of life, and physical environment of the Tibetan Plateau, this study aims to investigate the effects of health education using problem-based learning (PBL) approaches on the knowledge, attitude, practice, and coping skills of women with high-risk pregnancies in this region. Methods: 76 high-risk pregnancy cases were enrolled at Tibet’s Linzhi People’s Hospital between September 2023 and April 2024. 30 patients admitted between September 2023 and December 2023 were selected as the control group and were performed with regular patient education. 46 patients admitted between January 2024 and April 2024 were selected as the observation group and were performed regular patient education with problem-based learning approaches. Two groups’ performance on their health knowledge, attitude, practice and coping skills before and after interventions were evaluated, and patient satisfaction were measured at the end of the study. Results: There was no statistical significance (P P P Conclusions: Health education with problem-based learning approaches is worth promoting as it can help high-risk pregnant women in plateau areas develop better health knowledge, attitude and practice and healthier coping skills. Also, it can improve patient sanctification.

On the Ecological Evaluation of Iranian Secondary Schools English Language Course Books in Light Intercultural Communicative Competence： Knowledge, Skills, and Attitude

With the spread of English language around the world and its status as an international language, the need for more communication is felt. One pivoting aspect of this communication is the role of culture which can contribute to the success of communication at the global level and the co-construction of identities as individuals from different parts of the world get into interactions. Thus, the role of materials developed for learning English, especially the local ones, in the improvement of individuals＇ intercultural competence is significant. New course books for learning English at Iranian secondary schools entitled Prospect series have been developed recently. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the first and the second books of this series in light of Byram＇s model of Intercultural Communicative Competence （1CC）. Based on this model, ICC consists of three dimensions of attitude, knowledge, skills, and five saviors of knowledge, attitude, discovery, interaction, and critical thinking. To do the evaluation of the course books, the checklist developed based on these five saviors was used to evaluate the tasks for each unit of the books. The evaluation was done separately by each of the researchers in the study and inter-rater reliability showed a high level of Cronbach alpha. The findings indicated that about 90 percent of the activities of Prospect 1 and Prospect 2 lack the skills required for improving English language learners＇ ICC. They mostly focus on Iranian culture which might have been improved via learners＇ first language as well. This might imply the need for the adaptation of Prospect series activities in light of ICC so that Iranian English language learners can take advantage of their communication with the rest of the world.

A Comparison of the Sexual Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Korean College Students Studying in Korea and in the United States

The number of Korean students enrolling in universities overseas is rapidly growing. However, these populations are underrepresented in sexuality related research, despite the possibility of sexually risky behavior in overseas university students. We examined the sexual knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of university students in Korea and studying in the United States. Data were collected—131 Korean students in Korea and in the US using a web-based self-report questionnaire system. Students in the US showed greater total sexual knowledge than students studied in Korea. There were differences in the sexual knowledge, attitude and behaviors according to general characteristics between both groups. Although students in the USA had a higher level of sexual knowledge, both students in the USA and in Korea had a low level of sexual knowledge overall.

Sexual knowledge, attitudes and values among Chinese migrant adolescents in Hong Kong

Internal migration in China has introduced critical challenges to the education and health of migrant adolescents. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in sexual knowledge and attitudes among migrate and local adolescents. Survey research with a total of 616 adolescents in grades equivalent to US 10th and 11th grades including 113 migrants completed a selfadministered questionnaire. Misconceptions of adolescent physical development, sexual activity, marriage, birth control, sexually transmitted diseases and the probability of pregnancy were found in most of the migrant adolescents. Significantly lower attitudinal scores were found for the sub-scales of clarity of personal sexual values, understanding of emotional needs, social behavior, sexual responses;attitudes towards gender role, birth control, premarital intercourse, use of force in sexual activity, the importance of family and satisfaction with social relationship in migrant adolescents. Migrant adolescents have a low level of knowledge of sexual activities. The content of education programs should include engagement in sexual behavior to equip adolescents with unbiased and factual knowledge. The adolescents have a high demand for family support. School based sex education programs should involve the participation of parents to address these issues.

Primary care physicians'knowledge,attitude and perception towards homosexuality in Singapore

Aims:This study aim to gain insights into attitudes,acceptance and knowledge levels among family physicians toward homosexual people,which are important as they may affect care among this at-risk group.Methods:An anonymized self-administered questionnaire in English was posted with the assistance of the College of Family Physicians Singapore in February 2015 to its 1529 members with self-addressed,pre-stamped envelopes for replies.The questionnaire included demographic questions such as age group,gender,religion,ethnicity,marital status and place of practice.Questions and scales that measured attitude,acceptance,knowledge and perception of colleagues who are homosexual were also included in the questionnaire.Results:451 responses(29.5%)were obtained,of which 441 were valid(28.84%).About 52.8%of participants were found to have negative,8.9%neutral and 38.3%positive attitudes toward homosexuality.Most(75.6%)were accepting of homosexuals,with 9.3%neutral and 15.1%not accepting.Knowledge levels were poor,with a mean score of 6.9 out of a maximum of 13.A strong correlation was found between the attitudes towards lesbians and gay men(ATLG)and acceptance of homosexuals scales(r=0.69,P<0.001),with moderate correlations between acceptance and knowledge(r=0.54,P<0.001)and ATLG and Knowledge(r=0.54,P<0.001).Conclusion:Despite majority of family physicians having negative attitudes towards homosexuality,most are able to accept homosexuality.With better education in sexual orientation in the medical educational curriculum,the increase in knowledge will lead to better care for people with homosexuality.

Effects of Peer Health Education on Sexual Health Knowledge and Attitudes of Tertiary Institution Students in Imo State, Nigeria

This study was designed to determine effects of peer-health-education on sexual health knowledge and attitudes of tertiary institution students in Imo State Nigeria by determining the mean gain scores of sexual health knowledge and attitudes after peer health education. Quasi-experimental (pre-test-post-test) research design was employed. Two hundred students drawn from the University, Polytechnic and College of Education, using a multi-stage sampling technique participated in the peer sessions which were facilitated by trained peer educators. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA and Z-test. Findings revealed improved knowledge and attitudes on sexual health, as depicted by positive mean gain scores. Age group 16 - 20 years had the highest mean gain score (<img src="Edit_8e8f0539-e2c6-47bc-80f1-ccaee4c06df5.png" alt="" /> = 22.31) of sexual health knowledge than the rest, while age group 26 - 30 years had the highest mean gain score (<img src="Edit_dec53aa0-f549-425f-baf4-08f39aaf05fd.png" alt="" /> = 10.59) of sexual health attitudes. Males had higher mean gain score (<img src="Edit_e767bc6a-c1f3-4f0a-8b31-814581d9dd64.png" alt="" /> = 26.05) of sexual health knowledge, while females had higher mean gain score (<img src="Edit_79f87968-38f8-4873-8516-f5370ba691df.png" alt="" /> = 9.77) of sexual health attitudes. The first years (100 level students) had the highest mean gain score (<img src="Edit_3f417e44-7627-4d69-860e-94c94ae7db0e.png" alt="" /> = 25.71) of sexual health knowledge and also had the highest mean gain score (<img src="Edit_2a60fbc7-0a2c-49fe-b9a2-1cea354966a3.png" alt="" /> = 14.12) of sexual health attitudes. Level of study was significant both for knowledge and attitudes (P < 0.01). It is recommended that peer-health-education be explored further as a method of communicating sexual health issues to tertiary institution students and youths generally.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of sexual skills training on increasing marital satisfaction

Background and Aims: Dissatisfaction with sexual relationships can influence the marital life of people and have negative psychological effects on them. Hence, the current research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of sexual skills training on marital satisfaction. Methods: The study design was quasiexperimental with pre-test and post-test type along with a control group. The research samples included 14 couples (28 people) who were randomly divided into experimental and control groups to evaluate the effect of sexual medicine intervention. Interventions were provided to the experimental group during 9 sessions. Control group did not receive any interventions during this time. Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (short form) was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 19, software. Results and Conclusion: The results revealed that sexual skills training increased marital satisfaction (p<0.01). Thus, based on the results obtained and the importance of sexual skills training in increasing marital satisfaction, psychotherapists and counselors are recommended to use this intervention to reduce marital problems and increase satisfaction in couples.

Contraceptive knowledge, attitudes and behavior about sexuality among college students in Beijing, China

Background Sexual and reproductive health among adolescents have become increasingly important and aroused international concerns. In this study, we investigate sexual knowledge, attitudes, sexual behaviors, the unwanted pregnancy and the abortion rate and to explore related determinants among college students in Beijing. Methods This study is based on a cross-sectional survey of college students＇ knowledge, attitudes and behavior. Multistage cluster sampling was used to select subjects in Beijing. The self-questionnaire designed.by our research group including general information, knowledge, attitude and behavior about sexuality was used to collect information. A total of 2003 questionnaires were collected from June to July 2010. Results The data showed that most of the college students lacked knowledge about reproductive health. Only 17.9% of the respondents knew the appropriate time of abortion. Data also showed that the respondents had high-risk attitude about sex, 58.7% could accept premarital sex, and 29.7% had negative attitude towards contraception. Moreover, sexual activity of the respondents was active. Data showed that 18.5% of the respondents had had sexual activities. Significantly more boys than girls had sex （Х^2=73.374, P 〈0.001）. Among the boys and girls who reported sexual history, 43.1% of the boys had impregnated girlfriend and 49.3% of the girls among those people who have sex had unwanted pregnancies. Logistic regression analysis showed that the variables the gender （OR=3.12, 95% CI： 2.39-4.11）, grade （OR=1.78, 95% CI： 1.40-2.26）, specialty （OR=1.35, 95% CI： 1.12-1.74）, family situation （OR=1.66, 95% CI： 1.15-2.38）, score of knowledge （OR=0.74, 95% CI： 0.58-0.95） and attitude to sex activity （OR=0.09, 95% CI： 0.04-0.22） had a significant effect on having sexual behavior. Conclusions College students lack knowledge and methods students have high-risk sexual attitude and behaviors. Therefore college students would be strongly recommended. to avoid risky sexual behaviors in Beijing. College suitable and effective sex health measures to protect

Knowledge about Sexual and Reproductive Health Services and Practice of What Is Known among Ghanaian Youth, a Mixed Method Approach

Most young person will become sexually active before their 20th birthday having to battle with early and unplanned pregnancies, unsafe abortions, maternal deaths and injuries. This study examined young person’s sexual knowledge, attitudes and practices and their levels of utilization of sexual reproductive health. Our study progresses beyond current research of reporting only sexual behaviour among youth to have insight into sexual and reproductive health update drivers yielding new empirically robust results for the Ghanaian case for sexual and reproductive health service uptake. The descriptively cross sectional design was employed in sampling 170 youth (150 surveyed and 20 Interviewed) using the stratified sampling technique together with a purposive selection of one key informant. Test of significance and associations were performed with the Chisquare test. In all 45.2% (77/170) of youth (10 - 24) had had sexual experience in life time. In respect of in-school youth, 42% (63/150) had had sexual experience whiles 70% (14/20) out-of-school youth had had sexual intercourse in life time. A total of 28.8% (49/170) of all the youth had sexual intercourse in the last six months with only 40.1 (20/49) using condom for protection. Parental discussion of contraceptive methods (29.3%) and sexual and romantic relationship (28.0%) was the least sexual and reproductive health area discussed among in-school youth. Youth knowledge of the available sexual reproductive health service was statistically associated with reproductive health service utilization (X2 = 0.00, P ≤ 0.05). A concerted effort is required from government, NGO, Civil society organizations and religious bodies to help translate youth knowledge about sexual health into responsible sexual life and protective sex.

浙江省某地区职业高中学生性安全知识、性态度与性行为研究

目的开展职高学生性安全知识、性态度、性行为调查,为科学、有效地在这一人群中开展性安全教育和服务提供科学依据。方法2021年在浙江省中部地区某区1所职业高中一至二年级学生开展自答式问卷调查。结果1960名学生参加调查,职高学生性安全知识掌握水平总体不足,知晓男男性行为是学生HIV感染主要传播途径的不到1/4。男生较女生性态度更为开放,同意高中生发生性行为、为了钱而与别人发生性关系、为发生性关系付钱的男生分别为17.80%、7.10%、7.67%。8.49%的男生、4.22%的女生发生性行为,其中1/3发生在初中或小学,近60%的男生和女生报告口交性行为,男生和女生报告肛交性行为发生比例分别为14.08%和25.00%,2个及以上性伴数分别为36.47%和22.58%,每次使用安全套分别仅为33.72%和50.00%;男生中,11.24%发生同性或双性性行为,15.91%报告通过网络寻找性伴发生性行为。结论调查对象安全性行为知识水平低,性态度较为开发。发生性行为的学生中,口交、肛交、多性伴、同性性伴、网络性伴发生率高,但坚持使用安全套比例低,这些均将职高学生置于性与生殖健康风险之中,需及时采取针对性的健康干预措施,减少危险性行为发生和不良性与生殖健康结局。

宁夏地区护士胰岛素注射知信行现状及影响因素分析

目的探讨宁夏地区护士胰岛素注射知信行的特征、潜在类别及影响因素,为制定针对性干预措施提供参考。方法采用分层随机抽样与便利抽样相结合的方法选取宁夏地区3所二级医院、4所三级医院的1087名护士进行胰岛素注射知信行调查,并进行潜在类别分析。结果护士胰岛素注射知识、信念、行为得分分别为(13.30±3.13)、(17.37±3.08)、(79.55±12.39)分。可分为2个潜在类别:知识一般-信念行为良好组(86.4%)、知识差-信念行为一般组(13.6%)。工作年限、所在科室、日均胰岛素注射次数、参与胰岛素注射操作培训次数是护士胰岛素注射知信行潜在类别的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论宁夏地区护士胰岛素知信行水平存在异质性,提示护理管理者可根据不同的潜在类别及其影响因素制定针对性干预策略,以提升护士胰岛素注射知信行水平。

中国护士疼痛管理知识和态度的系统评价与荟萃分析

目的旨在对我国护士疼痛管理知识和态度进行分析、评价,以全面了解和评估当前我国护士疼痛管理的研究现状和护理实践中的局限性。方法系统检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库,收集有关中国护士疼痛管理知识和态度的横断面研究,检索时间为建库至2023年6月。采用了美国卫生保健研究与质量机构(AHRQ)的质量评价标准对最终纳入文献的质量进行了严格评估,并运用Stata 15.1软件进行全面统计分析。结果本研究最终纳入35篇文献,涉及14146名护士。11篇文献为高质量文献,其余24篇文献质量均处于中等水平。结果显示,中国护士疼痛管理知识和态度问卷答对率为46%(95%CI:0.43~0.50)。亚组分析显示,研究生及以上学历、工作后继续接受疼痛教育、在肿瘤科工作的护士疼痛管理知识和态度问卷答对率越高,分别是56.70%(95%CI:43.80%~69.70%)、58.60%(95%CI:55.00%~62.20%)、58.90%(95%CI:45.20%~72.70%)。结论我国护士在疼痛管理领域的知识和态度普遍存在不足,提示护理管理者亟需认识到疼痛管理在整体护理质量中的重要性,有必要制订持续性的专业培训和教育计划,通过提供定期的疼痛管理知识更新,以提升护士对疼痛管理的认知和应对能力,进而提升护士专业素养,为疼痛患者提供更全面、人性化的治疗和关怀,从而改善疼痛患者的生活质量和治疗效果,进而提高整体护理质量。

Teaching in Multicultural Background in the States

The diversity present in every aspect of American life is an inevitable consequence of its multicultural society.Schools across the country are a reflection of what is,and always has been,an ever changing demographic constitution.Classroom teachers,especially teachers who have no teaching experience in the country,face a stiff challenge of teaching all students,regardless of their backgrounds.As a Chinese guest teacher in the States,I learned that the"growing-up"of a teacher requires positive changes in three areas: knowledge,attitudes and skills.Support from administrators is also vital in the"growing-up"process.

3所高校大学生性健康知信行现状

目的:了解3所高校大学生性健康知信行现状。方法:通过整群随机抽样的方法,于2023年5月—8月抽取山西省3所高校2526名大学生作为研究对象,采用大学生性健康知信行调查问卷进行调查。结果:大学生性健康知识得分为(14.03±2.45)分,年级、学校类型、家庭年收入、来源地、既往学校性教育史、既往家庭性教育史是大学生性健康知识的影响因素(P<0.05)。78.2%的大学生能正确认识到避孕是双方的责任,不同性别大学生的性观念态度存在一定差异。412名(16.3%)大学生自主学习过如何使用安全套,703名(27.8%)大学生观看过色情书籍或有关音像制品,360名(14.3%)大学生有过性行为。结论:3所高校大学生对性健康知识的知晓率处于中等水平,其对性相关知识有一定需求,应对其开展系统性的健康知识教育。

老年人性知识与性态度现状调查研究

目的了解丽江市城乡老年人性知识、性态度现状及影响因素。方法采用自行设计的一般资料问卷、中文版老年人性知识和态度量表对132名老年人进行问卷调查。结果老年性知识总分为(12.92±7.62)分;老年人性态度量表总分为(105.70±13.50)分。老年人性知识水平与年龄、婚姻状况、月收入、宗教信仰存在正相关,老年人对性行为的态度与宗教信仰和性需求满足度存在正相关,老年人对性的态度随性知识水平的增高而趋于正向。结论老年人对老年性行为的态度趋于正向,但老年性知识普遍缺乏。

大理白族自治州甸南镇部分小学生环境内分泌干扰物KAP调查分析

目的:探讨大理白族自治州甸南镇四至六年级小学生性成熟状况及环境内分泌干扰物(EDCs)相关知识、态度和行为。方法:采用分层随机抽样法,在大理白族自治州甸南镇选取2所小学四至六年级学生进行问卷调查。结果:不同年级、年龄学生及女生是否出现第二性征、月经初潮在EDCs相关知识态度得分上的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),四年级、六年级学生的EDCs相关知识态度均较五年级学生好;10岁学生的EDCs相关知识态度较11岁学生好;没有出现第二性征、月经初潮的女生EDCs相关知识态度比出现第二性征、月经初潮的女生好。女生出现月经初潮年龄在饮食行为习惯得分上的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),12岁、13岁出现月经初潮的女生的饮食行为习惯均比11岁出现月经初潮的女生好。结论:11岁出现月经初潮的女生饮食行为习惯较差,五年级学生、11岁学生、出现第二性征和月经初潮的女生EDCs相关知识态度较差,接触EDCs较多。应制定有效的防治方案,培养学生良好的日常生活习惯,加强EDCs相关知识的教育。

Clinical Supervision of Midwifery Students at the University Teaching Hospital School of Nursing and Midwifery in Lusaka, Zambia

Introduction: Clinical supervision plays a significant role in the acquisition of psychomotor skills by student midwives during training leading to the provision of high quality midwifery care. However, the acquisition of the psychomotor skills required for successful practice and learning can only be acquired if student midwives are supported and guided by clinical supervisors in their learning environments. Main Objective: The main objective of the study was to determine factors influencing clinical supervision of Student Midwives in Lusaka Urban District. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design that employed both quantitative and qualitative methods was used. The study population comprised 124 Nurses and Midwives working in Lusaka urban District. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from the Nurses and midwives and a focus group discussion guide was used to guide discussions with the student midwives at Lusaka College of Nursing and Midwifery and a total of three focus group discussions were conducted. Quantitative data were entered into by Statistical Package Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 for windows. Chi-square test was used to test associations among variables. The confidence interval was set at 95% with a significance level of 0.05. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis to classify words into themes and categories by looking for repeated ideas or patterns of thoughts. Results: The findings showed that a high percentage of the clinical supervisors (89.5%) had not been trained in clinical supervision and most respondents had moderate knowledge on clinical supervision of students. Majority of the respondents (63%) exhibited inadequate supervision skills. The attitudes of all the supervisors towards supervision were positive. A large percentage of respondents (73%) were competent in clinical supervision. However the learning environment considered to be poor by most respondents (61%). The study revealed a significant association between clinical supervision and the respondents’ knowledge on clinical supervision (p-value of 0.00). Conclusion: The current study showed that clinical supervision was untrained and had inadequate supervision skills and the learning environment was poor. There is need therefore to train clinical supervisors and improve the students’ learning environment in order to enhance teaching and learning. The study offers a valuable insight into the factors influencing students’ midwives learning in clinical learning environment.

A Study on the Application of the Ethnography in Developing Intercultural Communication Competence(ICC)

This article focused on the application of ethnography as a qualitative study in developing non-English majors’intercultural communication competence(ICC).The PEER model guided student researchers through the interdependent phrases of preparing,engaging,evaluating and reflecting in the research procedure.In addition,the four components of Byram’s ICC model,namely,knowledge,skills,attitudes,and critical awareness,were used to assess students’ICC development.

Disaster Prevention Literacy among School Administrators and Teachers： A Study on the Plan for Disaster Prevention and Campus Network Deployment and Experiment in Taiwan

Taiwan is located at the high-risk region of natural disasters with the frequently occurred earthquakes. The importance of the disaster prevention education on campus is made even more obvious by the fact that natural disasters often occur during the school days. Given the leading roles the school administrators and teachers playing in the disaster prevention education of their pupils, this study purposed to investigate how disaster prevention literacy was among them and how disaster prevention literacy differed across various background variables of them. Furthermore, the current study also examined if disaster prevention literacy changed by participation in the disaster prevention education program. The results suggested that, among three dimensions of disaster prevention literacy （i.e., knowledge, attitude, ＆ skills） the participants were highest on disaster prevention skills and lowest on disaster prevention knowledge. Additionally, three dimensions of disaster prevention literacy of the participants differed by school level, age, years of service, personal disaster experience, and school disaster-stricken status. The participation in the disaster prevention education program was also related to participants＇ disaster prevention literacy. The implications of the above findings were discussed and the recommendations were also made for future disaster prevention education programs and research.

上海郊区青少年性知识、性态度和性行为调查

目的 了解上海市郊青少年性与生殖健康知识、态度和行为。方法 对上海青浦区 3个镇的 80 6名 15～ 18岁青少年进行结构式问卷调查。结果 被调查的青少年己具备一定的青春期性知识 ,但对生殖系统和功能方面缺乏系统性的认识 ,一些概念含糊不清。男性的知识好于女性。中专、职校、技校学生的知识得分低于其他学校和非学生。大多数被调查者对青少年中发生恋爱和性行为持理解和宽容的态度。当地青少年中已有性行为发生 ,虽然几乎半数人知道性行为可能导致的后果 ,但首次性行为的避孕使用率却很低。他们的性知识主要来源于学校、医学书刊/杂志和同学。大多数被调查对象认为青春期性教育是必需的但学校性教育仅满足了青少年对性知识的部分需求。结论 充分了解目前青少年的性知识、性态度和性行为对设计良好的干预项目极有帮助。