Risky Sexual Behaviour among Students of Tertiary Institutions in South-South, Nigeria: A Qualitative Study

Background: The prevalence and global trend of risky sexual behaviours are of concern due to its attendant health implications. Apparently, the social activities of teens and young adults predispose them to risky sexual behaviour than adults, as a result of peer pressure or influence. The prevalence and global trend of risky sexual behaviours are of concern due to its attendant health implications. The study was conducted in two tertiary institutions in Rivers State, Nigeria among sixteen (16) medical and nursing students of 100 and 200 levels within the ages of 16 and 22 years;eight (8) from each institution in September 2019. The two institutions are PAMO University of Medical Sciences and University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Aim: The study is aimed at eliciting information on awareness, knowledge, attitude and involvement in risky sexual behaviours amongst the students in tertiary institutions, South of Nigeria. Information is needed for a goal and result oriented intervention programme to curb the menace of risky sexual bebaviour. This motivated the researchers to adopt a qualitative study through which in-depth information on the matter could be harvested for an effective intervention. Materials and method: A Focus Group Discussion design was adopted for the study and consists of thirteen (13) open ended questions that guided the discussion. This was designed by the chief investigator and reviewed by experts in the field for the purpose of extracting relevant information from the participants. Purposeful sampling method was adopted to make sure age criteria and both sexes were equally represented. In-depth interview method was adopted to extract information from participants over two days. Information gathered was transcribed daily and summarized in themes based on objectives of the study. Result: The study revealed that the participants have good knowledge of what risky sexual behaviours mean as well as its consequences. Majority, especially the females condemned the act even though there was carefree attitude towards risky sexual behavior as deduced from the study as participants affirm that the “pleasure in sexual relationship whether risky or not overrides the consequences”. Majority of the participants affirmed to have been involved in a risky sexual behavior at one time or the other. Conclusion: Participants expressed thirst for information and remedies to reduce the incidence of risky sexual behaviours among young adults. The information gathered would guide an intervention programme to prevent and control risky sexual behavior which is considered of a public health importance.

Risk factors of sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Republic of Korea

Background:Female sex workers(FSW)who live in urban areas in Republic of Korea have a particularly high risk of sexually transmitted diseases(STD).We investigated the prevalence of s STDs in FSWs in order to determine the factors associated with sexually transmitted infections in Korea.Methods:Study data were collected from 832 FSWs through a 2014 survey on the prevalence of STDs in high risk populations in Republic of Korea.We assessed the associations between sexually transmitted infections and demographic and risk behaviour variables through logistic regression analysis.Results:The risk probability of sexually transmitted infection was higher for those who drank alcohol often as well as those who had their first sexual experience at an early age.However,the effects of these factors were attenuated by working conditions.The risk probability of sexually transmitted infections was higher for those who engaged in sex with several customers per day as well as for those who did not practice regular condom use.Conclusions:The risk factors for sexually transmitted infections among FSWs in Republic of Korea are related to and affected by working conditions.Thus,multifaceted health interventions to protect FSWs and their sexual health are deemed necessary.

Disclosure, Multiple Sex Partners, and Consistent Condom Use among HIV Positive Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy in Johannesburg, South Africa

Inconsistent condom use among persons on antiretroviral treatment (ART) is a major public health concern because of the risk of HIV transmission. This study examined the association between socio-demographic variables and knowing partners’ HIV status, multiple sex partners, and consistent condom use among 400 HIV-infected adults who had received ART for at least six months in Johannesburg, South Africa. The study used a cross-sectional survey and a structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Over half (n = 225, 56.3%) of participants were on ART for more than two years. Two thirds (n = 234, 63.2%) were aware of partner’s HIV status. Over a third (n = 136, 34.0%) reported having more than one sex partners. Three quarters (n = 279, 75.8%) reported consistent condom use with regular partner. Discussing HIV testing (aOR = 2.28, CI: 1.31 -3.95), awareness of partner’s HIV status (aOR = 2.59, CI: 1.50 -4.46), level of education (aOR = 0.64, CI: 0.42 -0.98), and duration on ART (aOR = 0.71, CI: 1.31 -3.95) were predictors for consistent condom use. Awareness of partner’s HIV status was associated with multiple partnership (aOR = 0.38, CI: 0.21 -0.66), living with partner (aOR = 4.75, CI: 2.86 -7.91), discussing HIV testing (aOR = 2.43, CI: 1.48 -3.99), and duration on ART (aOR = 2.04, CI: 1.43 -2.92). While gender (aOR = 5.68, CI: 3.46 -9.34), marital status (aOR = 0.44, CI: 0.25 -0.77), and awareness of partner’s HIV status (aOR = 0.52, CI: 0.30 -0.89) were associated with multiple partnerships. Risky sexual behaviours occurred in all types of partners and knowing partner’s HIV status was a predictor for consistent condom use with all types of partners. It is essential that HIV prevention strategies create an enabling environment for disclosure and reductions of risky sexual behaviours by HIV-infected persons on ART.

我国不同地区吸毒人群梅毒感染状况分析

目的了解我国不同地区吸毒者梅毒感染状况，为艾滋病、性病综合防治提供依据。方法采取简单抽样或滚雪球法，在广西南宁、新疆喀什和广东东莞抽取995名吸毒者进行问卷调查并抽血，收集人口学及性行为特征，采用快速血浆反应素试验法检测梅毒抗体。结果广西南宁、新疆喀什和广东东莞吸毒者的梅毒感染率分别为17．5％、10．4％和9．6％。Logistic回归分析结果显示广西南宁吸毒者梅毒感染的主要危险因素为女性（OR8．50；95％CI：2．51～28．78；P=0．001）；新疆喀什吸毒者梅毒感染的主要危险因素为女性（OR7．44；95％CI：1．40～39．57；P〈0．05）、有配偶（OR2．51；95％CI：1．05～6．00；P〈0．05）、低教育程度（OR3．06；95％CI：1．12～8．39；P〈0．05）；广东东莞吸毒者梅毒感染的主要危险因素为女性（OR4．52；95％CI：1．81～11．28；P=0．001）、有配偶（OR3．96；95％CJ：1．71～9．17；P=0．001）、低收入（OR3．12；95％CI：1．41～6．89；P〈0．01）、注射吸毒（OR2．81；95％CI：1．09～7．24；P〈0．05）。结论目前我国艾滋病传播以性传播为主，吸毒人群高危性行为是艾滋病由高危人群向一般人群传播的重要途径。因此，对高危人群实施预防干预措施应具有针对性。

杭州市流动人口艾滋病知识和行为调查

目的了解浙江省杭州市流动人口的流动特征、艾滋病相关知识知晓率、艾滋病相关危险性行为和健康状况等。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,对杭州市江干区、拱墅区和西湖区4种不同行业的流动人口进行问卷调查。结果 45.1%(901/2 000)和41.9%(838/2 000)的流动人口通过老乡介绍和自己外出打工,城市流动率、行业流动率和单位流动率的中位数分别为0.40、0.33和0.50个/年;艾滋病相关知识知晓率为63.8%(1 275/2 000),男性知晓率高于女性(χ2=16.1,P<0.001),不同行业人群艾滋病知识知晓率差异有统计学意义(χ2=22.5,P<0.001);有过临时性行为和商业性行为者分别占5.5%(109/2 000)和4.4%(52/1 171),其中每次均使用安全套者分别占30.3%(33/109)和40.4%(21/52),从未使用者占12.8%(14/109)和9.6%(5/52),最近1次性行为使用者占47.7%(52/109)和65.4%(34/52)。结论杭州市流动人口有较高的流动性,其艾滋病知识知晓率较低,发生高危性行为时安全套使用率较低。

565名大学生儿童期性虐待经历回顾性调查

目的 了解大学生中儿童期性虐待发生情况,探讨性虐待经历对大学生心理健康的影响。方法 用自填式问卷,于2003年9月对一所普通高校565名大学生就有关儿童期受性虐待经历进行不记名回顾性调查。结果 在被调查的565名大学生中,有20.0％(32/160)的女生和14.3％(58/405)的男生报告16岁以前曾经历过非身体接触或身体接触的性虐待,其中18名(11.3％)女生和31名(7.7％)男生经历过身体接触的性虐待。儿童期性虐待经历首次发生年龄59.4％的女生、51.7％的男生发生在11岁及以下。与没有儿童期性虐待经历的学生比较,有儿童期性虐待经历的学生抑郁情绪量表得分高;健康状况自我感觉评价得分低;症状自评简表中的躯体症状、敌意、强迫症状和焦虑得分高;有过性交行为及在调查的近一年里考虑过自杀、饮酒醉过的比例高。结论 儿童性虐待问题在中国并非少见。大学生心理健康问题与儿童期性虐待经历相关。亟待开展儿童期性虐待的预防工作及为受害者提供心理健康服务。

美沙酮门诊HIV阳性服药者的阴性配偶高危性行为的调查分析

目的了解在美沙酮维持治疗门诊艾滋病病毒(HIV)阳性服药者的阴性配偶进行干预后高危性行为现状,为针对性进行性伴间干预提供依据。方法采用自行设计并经预试验修正后的问卷,每隔1年进行1次问卷调查并进行HIV检测。采用Excel 2003建立数据库录入数据,用SPSS 18.0进行统计学分析。结果 2008年10月至2010年4月,在艾滋病疫情及地理位置不同的13个美沙酮门诊调查3次,分别调查107人、101人、119人。阴性固定性伴艾滋病知识3次调查答对率比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。最近1个月与配偶发生性关系时安全套使用的比例、全程安全套使用的比例、无滑脱无破裂使用安全套的比例,3次比较均有所上升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。接受安全套使用方法培训、性病检查或治疗的比例,3次调查差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论HIV阳性的美沙酮在治人员与其阴性配偶间高危性行为明显,对其实施安全性行为促进及安全套强化干预措施很有必要。

枞阳县重点人群性行为学特征和梅毒感染状况调查分析

目的了解枞阳县重点人群性行为学特征及梅毒感染状况,为制定性病艾滋病防控措施提供科学依据。方法对性病门诊就诊者、孕产妇及娱乐场所暗娼人群进行面对面问卷调查,并抽取5ml静脉血进行梅毒血清学检测。结果调查暗娼40名,280名性病门诊就诊者和402例孕产妇,暗娼及性病门诊就诊者的艾滋病知识知晓率分别为47.5%和43.2%,他们在最近一次性行为中安全套的使用率分别为37.5%和28.9%。孕产妇有1.7%的人曾经患过性病,有11.7%的人有过非婚性性行为。暗娼的梅毒感染率为12.5%,性病门诊就诊者的梅毒感染率为6.4%,0.5%的孕产妇梅毒血清学实验阳性。结论梅毒已经在高危人群中流行与扩散,加强性病艾滋病宣传和干预力度,规范性病门诊及强化孕产妇保健工作是控制梅毒流行与传播的关键措施。