Objective: To investigate the transmission ratio andepidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) andUreaplasma urealyticum (Uu) between regular sexualpartners. Methods: We collected secretion specimens of geni-tourinary...Objective: To investigate the transmission ratio andepidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) andUreaplasma urealyticum (Uu) between regular sexualpartners. Methods: We collected secretion specimens of geni-tourinary tract from sexual partners who attended ourclinic during the period from May 1, 1999 to May 31,2000 and then detected Ct and Uu in the specimens. Results: The inconsistent rate of Ct and Uu infectedbetween sexual partners was 59.22% and 38.92%respectively. There were no correlations between pa-tients' age and the inconsistent rate of Ct and Uu in-fected (P>0.05). The most common inconsistency be-tween regular partners was seen in man with Ct infec-tion while in female with Uu infection; and in manwith concurrent infection of Ct while in female onlywith Uu; or in man with Ct infection while in female noCt and Uu were detected. Conclusion: The sexual transmitting ability of Ctand Uu is not as active as we have expected.展开更多
Background: Disclosure of HIV sero status is among varies HIV prevention strategy to prevent the spread of HIV. It is the base for accessing care and treatment programs, attains psycho-social support and reduces stigm...Background: Disclosure of HIV sero status is among varies HIV prevention strategy to prevent the spread of HIV. It is the base for accessing care and treatment programs, attains psycho-social support and reduces stigma, adheres to treatment and promotes safer health behavior particularly for couples. Objective: To assess HIV sero status disclosure to sexual partner and associated factors among HIV positive adult patient in Bale Zone hospitals. Method: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 411 adult HIV positive clients who were selected by using systematic random sampling methods from Bale Zone Hospitals. Data were collected by using pre-tested questionnaire after verbal consent obtained from participants by trained nurse. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done by using SPSS version 20 and P-value of less than 0.05 was taken to declare statistical significance. Result: HIV sero status disclosure to sexual partners was 52.6%. Residence (AOR = 1.62;95% CI, 1.0, 2.60), receiving pre-test counselling related disclosure (AOR = 6.25;95% CI, 3.45, 11.33) and knowledge of partner’s HIV sero status (P-Value = 0.001) were significantly associated with HIV sero status disclosure. Fear of stigma and violence by sexual partner were the main reasons suggested for not disclosing HIV sero-status. Conclusion: The level of HIV sero-status disclosure to sexual partner was low. Disclosure of HIV sero status to sexual partner was significantly associated with clients’ place of residence, receiving pre-test counselling about disclosure and Knowledge of partners HIV sero status.展开更多
Globally, research indicates that monogamous married women living in slums are at heightened risk of HIV men’s risky sexual behaviour. Hence, to reduce the risk of HIV transmission, there is need to understand the nu...Globally, research indicates that monogamous married women living in slums are at heightened risk of HIV men’s risky sexual behaviour. Hence, to reduce the risk of HIV transmission, there is need to understand the number, nature and variation in transition of sexual partners of men in living in slums. This paper uses India’s National Family Health Survey-3 data to estimate the variation in the type of sexual partners among sexually active men age 15 - 54 with more than one sexual partner in last 12 months prior to the survey in eight slums?of India. Among sexually active men, 1.3 percent reported having more than one sexual partner in the last 12 months prior to the survey. Men who are more likely to have two or more partners are those who are young, especially below age 25 years, never married, educated up to 5 years, and from middle class. There is a higher increase in the probability of sex with spouse from second last to the last sexual partner in non-slum areas than slum areas. However, in case of transition from other friends/relatives and female sex workers to spousal partners, there is a major decline in probability among non-slum men than slum men. These transitions are extremely important from the perspective of curbing the spread of HIV epidemic, especially in situations where women lack control over their own sexuality and seldom use condom in marital sex. Therefore, strategies focused in slums should either consider reducing men’s risky sexual behaviour or build capacities of women to negotiate safe sex in marital relationships or consider a combination of both.展开更多
Reducing disparities in STI/HIV rates for young heterosexual African-American women in the US is a public health priority. Although several strategies can reduce risk, some sexually experienced young women are choosin...Reducing disparities in STI/HIV rates for young heterosexual African-American women in the US is a public health priority. Although several strategies can reduce risk, some sexually experienced young women are choosing to abstain from sex for various reasons and periods of time following sexual debut, a practice known as secondary abstinence. However, others who desire to practice secondary abstinence find it difficult to do so. This qualitative study explored barriers that explained the dissonance between interest in secondary abstinence and continued sexual activity. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 sexually-experienced African-American adolescent females, ages 18 - 23, who expressed interest in secondary abstinence. Partner-related barriers that created power imbalances presented the greatest challenges to becoming or remaining abstinent. Findings suggest that teaching young women how to recognize characteristics of healthy and unhealthy relationships, identify power imbalances, communicate assertively and develop positive coping skills can empower young women to build healthier relationships with their partners.展开更多
目的了解男男性行为者(MSM)多性伴的影响因素,为干预MSM多性伴行为及预防艾滋病提供参考依据。方法计算机检索中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、the Cochrane Library等数据库中研究MSM...目的了解男男性行为者(MSM)多性伴的影响因素,为干预MSM多性伴行为及预防艾滋病提供参考依据。方法计算机检索中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、the Cochrane Library等数据库中研究MSM多性伴的影响因素的文献,检索时限为建库至2023年7月。采用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析,合并效应量为OR值及其95%CI。结果共纳入9篇文献,涉及7127例研究对象,提取出7种影响因素,文献质量评价为中高质量。Meta分析结果显示,饮酒(OR=1.98,95%CI:1.45~2.69)是MSM多性伴的危险因素;男性偶然/商业性伴Meta分析结果异质性强,尚不能确定为MSM多性伴的影响因素;接受过健康服务、已婚、药物使用行为、人类免疫缺陷病毒风险感知、性生活时不规律使用安全套的Meta分析结果无统计学意义,不能确定为MSM多性伴的影响因素。结论有关部门应加强对MSM多性伴者的健康教育,增强MSM自我保护意识,改善MSM心理健康,增强MSM自我接受度,改善饮酒行为,降低多性伴的发生率。展开更多
Inconsistent condom use among persons on antiretroviral treatment (ART) is a major public health concern because of the risk of HIV transmission. This study examined the association between socio-demographic variables...Inconsistent condom use among persons on antiretroviral treatment (ART) is a major public health concern because of the risk of HIV transmission. This study examined the association between socio-demographic variables and knowing partners’ HIV status, multiple sex partners, and consistent condom use among 400 HIV-infected adults who had received ART for at least six months in Johannesburg, South Africa. The study used a cross-sectional survey and a structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Over half (n = 225, 56.3%) of participants were on ART for more than two years. Two thirds (n = 234, 63.2%) were aware of partner’s HIV status. Over a third (n = 136, 34.0%) reported having more than one sex partners. Three quarters (n = 279, 75.8%) reported consistent condom use with regular partner. Discussing HIV testing (aOR = 2.28, CI: 1.31 -3.95), awareness of partner’s HIV status (aOR = 2.59, CI: 1.50 -4.46), level of education (aOR = 0.64, CI: 0.42 -0.98), and duration on ART (aOR = 0.71, CI: 1.31 -3.95) were predictors for consistent condom use. Awareness of partner’s HIV status was associated with multiple partnership (aOR = 0.38, CI: 0.21 -0.66), living with partner (aOR = 4.75, CI: 2.86 -7.91), discussing HIV testing (aOR = 2.43, CI: 1.48 -3.99), and duration on ART (aOR = 2.04, CI: 1.43 -2.92). While gender (aOR = 5.68, CI: 3.46 -9.34), marital status (aOR = 0.44, CI: 0.25 -0.77), and awareness of partner’s HIV status (aOR = 0.52, CI: 0.30 -0.89) were associated with multiple partnerships. Risky sexual behaviours occurred in all types of partners and knowing partner’s HIV status was a predictor for consistent condom use with all types of partners. It is essential that HIV prevention strategies create an enabling environment for disclosure and reductions of risky sexual behaviours by HIV-infected persons on ART.展开更多
[目的]了解男男性行为者(Men who have sex with men,MSM)HIV和梅毒感染状况及其与社会、性伴特征的关系,为在MSM中开展HIV/STIs预防干预提供依据。[方法]对合肥市223名MSM进行问卷调查及HIV和梅毒血清学检测。[结果]HIV感染率为1.8%,...[目的]了解男男性行为者(Men who have sex with men,MSM)HIV和梅毒感染状况及其与社会、性伴特征的关系,为在MSM中开展HIV/STIs预防干预提供依据。[方法]对合肥市223名MSM进行问卷调查及HIV和梅毒血清学检测。[结果]HIV感染率为1.8%,梅毒现感染率为8.1%,HIV和梅毒累积感染率为16.1%。无工作、年龄较大、经常在MSM酒吧活动、参加MSM聚会、参加在餐馆和咖啡厅的私人聚会、性伴总数及同性性伴总数在3个及以上、近6月性伴总数与近6月同性性伴数在2个及以上与HIV和梅毒累积感染有关。与梅毒现感染有关的因素有经常参加MSM聚会、总性伴数与同性性伴总数在3个及以上、近6月性伴总数在2个及以上。[结论]MSM人群的HIV和梅毒感染率高,应针对各亚人群社会及性伴特征开展干预,降低该人群HIV和梅毒感染率。展开更多
文摘Objective: To investigate the transmission ratio andepidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) andUreaplasma urealyticum (Uu) between regular sexualpartners. Methods: We collected secretion specimens of geni-tourinary tract from sexual partners who attended ourclinic during the period from May 1, 1999 to May 31,2000 and then detected Ct and Uu in the specimens. Results: The inconsistent rate of Ct and Uu infectedbetween sexual partners was 59.22% and 38.92%respectively. There were no correlations between pa-tients' age and the inconsistent rate of Ct and Uu in-fected (P>0.05). The most common inconsistency be-tween regular partners was seen in man with Ct infec-tion while in female with Uu infection; and in manwith concurrent infection of Ct while in female onlywith Uu; or in man with Ct infection while in female noCt and Uu were detected. Conclusion: The sexual transmitting ability of Ctand Uu is not as active as we have expected.
文摘Background: Disclosure of HIV sero status is among varies HIV prevention strategy to prevent the spread of HIV. It is the base for accessing care and treatment programs, attains psycho-social support and reduces stigma, adheres to treatment and promotes safer health behavior particularly for couples. Objective: To assess HIV sero status disclosure to sexual partner and associated factors among HIV positive adult patient in Bale Zone hospitals. Method: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 411 adult HIV positive clients who were selected by using systematic random sampling methods from Bale Zone Hospitals. Data were collected by using pre-tested questionnaire after verbal consent obtained from participants by trained nurse. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done by using SPSS version 20 and P-value of less than 0.05 was taken to declare statistical significance. Result: HIV sero status disclosure to sexual partners was 52.6%. Residence (AOR = 1.62;95% CI, 1.0, 2.60), receiving pre-test counselling related disclosure (AOR = 6.25;95% CI, 3.45, 11.33) and knowledge of partner’s HIV sero status (P-Value = 0.001) were significantly associated with HIV sero status disclosure. Fear of stigma and violence by sexual partner were the main reasons suggested for not disclosing HIV sero-status. Conclusion: The level of HIV sero-status disclosure to sexual partner was low. Disclosure of HIV sero status to sexual partner was significantly associated with clients’ place of residence, receiving pre-test counselling about disclosure and Knowledge of partners HIV sero status.
文摘Globally, research indicates that monogamous married women living in slums are at heightened risk of HIV men’s risky sexual behaviour. Hence, to reduce the risk of HIV transmission, there is need to understand the number, nature and variation in transition of sexual partners of men in living in slums. This paper uses India’s National Family Health Survey-3 data to estimate the variation in the type of sexual partners among sexually active men age 15 - 54 with more than one sexual partner in last 12 months prior to the survey in eight slums?of India. Among sexually active men, 1.3 percent reported having more than one sexual partner in the last 12 months prior to the survey. Men who are more likely to have two or more partners are those who are young, especially below age 25 years, never married, educated up to 5 years, and from middle class. There is a higher increase in the probability of sex with spouse from second last to the last sexual partner in non-slum areas than slum areas. However, in case of transition from other friends/relatives and female sex workers to spousal partners, there is a major decline in probability among non-slum men than slum men. These transitions are extremely important from the perspective of curbing the spread of HIV epidemic, especially in situations where women lack control over their own sexuality and seldom use condom in marital sex. Therefore, strategies focused in slums should either consider reducing men’s risky sexual behaviour or build capacities of women to negotiate safe sex in marital relationships or consider a combination of both.
文摘Reducing disparities in STI/HIV rates for young heterosexual African-American women in the US is a public health priority. Although several strategies can reduce risk, some sexually experienced young women are choosing to abstain from sex for various reasons and periods of time following sexual debut, a practice known as secondary abstinence. However, others who desire to practice secondary abstinence find it difficult to do so. This qualitative study explored barriers that explained the dissonance between interest in secondary abstinence and continued sexual activity. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 sexually-experienced African-American adolescent females, ages 18 - 23, who expressed interest in secondary abstinence. Partner-related barriers that created power imbalances presented the greatest challenges to becoming or remaining abstinent. Findings suggest that teaching young women how to recognize characteristics of healthy and unhealthy relationships, identify power imbalances, communicate assertively and develop positive coping skills can empower young women to build healthier relationships with their partners.
文摘Inconsistent condom use among persons on antiretroviral treatment (ART) is a major public health concern because of the risk of HIV transmission. This study examined the association between socio-demographic variables and knowing partners’ HIV status, multiple sex partners, and consistent condom use among 400 HIV-infected adults who had received ART for at least six months in Johannesburg, South Africa. The study used a cross-sectional survey and a structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Over half (n = 225, 56.3%) of participants were on ART for more than two years. Two thirds (n = 234, 63.2%) were aware of partner’s HIV status. Over a third (n = 136, 34.0%) reported having more than one sex partners. Three quarters (n = 279, 75.8%) reported consistent condom use with regular partner. Discussing HIV testing (aOR = 2.28, CI: 1.31 -3.95), awareness of partner’s HIV status (aOR = 2.59, CI: 1.50 -4.46), level of education (aOR = 0.64, CI: 0.42 -0.98), and duration on ART (aOR = 0.71, CI: 1.31 -3.95) were predictors for consistent condom use. Awareness of partner’s HIV status was associated with multiple partnership (aOR = 0.38, CI: 0.21 -0.66), living with partner (aOR = 4.75, CI: 2.86 -7.91), discussing HIV testing (aOR = 2.43, CI: 1.48 -3.99), and duration on ART (aOR = 2.04, CI: 1.43 -2.92). While gender (aOR = 5.68, CI: 3.46 -9.34), marital status (aOR = 0.44, CI: 0.25 -0.77), and awareness of partner’s HIV status (aOR = 0.52, CI: 0.30 -0.89) were associated with multiple partnerships. Risky sexual behaviours occurred in all types of partners and knowing partner’s HIV status was a predictor for consistent condom use with all types of partners. It is essential that HIV prevention strategies create an enabling environment for disclosure and reductions of risky sexual behaviours by HIV-infected persons on ART.
文摘[目的]了解男男性行为者(Men who have sex with men,MSM)HIV和梅毒感染状况及其与社会、性伴特征的关系,为在MSM中开展HIV/STIs预防干预提供依据。[方法]对合肥市223名MSM进行问卷调查及HIV和梅毒血清学检测。[结果]HIV感染率为1.8%,梅毒现感染率为8.1%,HIV和梅毒累积感染率为16.1%。无工作、年龄较大、经常在MSM酒吧活动、参加MSM聚会、参加在餐馆和咖啡厅的私人聚会、性伴总数及同性性伴总数在3个及以上、近6月性伴总数与近6月同性性伴数在2个及以上与HIV和梅毒累积感染有关。与梅毒现感染有关的因素有经常参加MSM聚会、总性伴数与同性性伴总数在3个及以上、近6月性伴总数在2个及以上。[结论]MSM人群的HIV和梅毒感染率高,应针对各亚人群社会及性伴特征开展干预,降低该人群HIV和梅毒感染率。
