Application of digital techniques to identify aquifer artificial recharge sites in GIS environment

Because the groundwater is considered as the major source of 99%of all retrievable fresh water,optimization of its usage would be very crucial.Groundwater artificial recharge(GAR)using surface water is the recommended solution because that increases the aquifer storage.Detection of aquifer storage site is the first step in designing GAR projects.The main objective of this research is the identification of suitable GAR sites scattered in the Shahrekord plain,Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiari province of Iran,using Boolean and Fuzzy logic.Data affecting GAR including ground surface slope,soil infiltration rate,vadoze zone thickness,electrical conductivity of the surface water,land-use,and stream network were collected.After provision of digital maps,they were classified,weighted,and integrated through Boolean and Fuzzy operators.The result revealed almost 4.25%of the whole plain area is appropriate for GAR based on Boolean.Also,4.79 and 17.94%of the plain area are suitable and rather favorable,respectively,based on Fuzzy.Finally,34 locations were introduced with priorities A,B,and AB as being potentially suitable for GAR.The relationship between geomorphology and suitable areas for GAR based on Boolean and Fuzzy method indicated that the majority of these areas were located on colluvial fans units.

Prevalence of Shiga toxin genes and intimin genes in uropathogenic Escherichia coli

Objective:To identify stx1,stx2 and eaeA genes in Escherichia coli(E.coli)strains isolated from urine samples in Shahrekord,Iran.Methods:In this cross study a total of 147 middle urine samples from patients with symptoms of urinary tract infection(UTI),referred to clinical laboratories of Shahrekord were studied.Taken samples were cultured to detect Shigatoxin-producing strains and finally 76 E.coli isolates were identified using the standard biochemical tests as well as the selective and differential media.The multiplex PCR method was used to evaluate the presence of stx1,stx2 and eaeA genes.DNA bacteria extraction was performed by boiling and then PCR was performed in the presence of specific primers.Results:A total of 147 urine samples were collected from patients with suspected UTI,and 76 samples(51.70%)were diagnosed with E.coli.Among 76 studied isolations of E.coli,3(3.94%)had a positive reaction to lactose and negative reaction to sorbitol.In the female gender,stx1 gene that shown in the samples was related to 30-39 age group.In the other sample related to 20-29 age group,stx1 and eaeA gene were shown.But in male gender stx1 gene was reported in the sample related to 40-49 age group.stx1,stx2 and eaeA genes were not observed together in any samples.Conclusions:Isolation of Shiga toxin-producing E.coli strains has great importance because of the possibility of clinical complications such as hemolytic-uremic syndrome.