Tectonic Fractures in Tight Gas Sandstones of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Western Sichuan Basin,China

The western Sichuan Basin, which is located at the front of the Longmen Mountains in the west of Sichuan Province, China, is a foreland basin formed in the Late Triassic. The Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation is a tight gas sandstone reservoir with low porosity and ultra-low permeability, whose gas accumulation and production are controlled by well-developed fracture zones. There are mainly three types of fractures developed in the Upper Triassic tight gas sandstones, namely tectonic fractures, diagenetic fractures and overpressure-related fractures, of which high-angle tectonic fractures are the most important. The tectonic fractures can be classified into four sets, i.e., N-S-, NE-, E-W- and NW-striking fractures. In addition, there are a number of approximately horizontal shear fractures in some of the medium-grained sandstones and grit stones nearby the thrusts or slip layers. Tectonic fractures were mainly formed at the end of the Triassic, the end of the Cretaceous and the end of the Neogene-Early Pleistocene. The development degree of tectonic fractures was controlled by lithology, thickness, structure, stress and fluid pressure. Overpressure makes not only the rock shear strength decrease, but also the stress state change from compression to tension. Thus, tensional fractures can he formed in fold-thrust belts. Tectonic fractures are mainly developed along the NE- and N-S-striking structural belts, and are the important storage space and the principal flow channels in the tight gas sandstone. The porosity of fractures here is 28.4% of the gross reservoir porosity, and the permeability of fractures being two or three grades higher than that of the matrix pores. Four sets of high-angle tectonic fractures and horizontal shear fractures formed a good network system and controlled the distribution and production of gas in the tight sandstones.

Genesis of the low-permeability reservoir bed of upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Xinchang gas field,western Sichuan Depression

The genesis of a reservoir is a result of the combined action of deposition, diagenesis, tectonic reworking, and interaction of rock and fluid and the evolutionary environment. We discuss the genetic and evolution mechanism of a low-permeability reservoir bed of the Xujiahe Formation in the western Sichuan Depression on the basis of the study of diagenesis, diagenetic reservoir facies and the diagenetic evolution sequence. The research indicated that this reservoir bed can be divided into five types of diagenetic reservoir facies, namely strong dissolution, chlorite-lined intergranular pores, compaction and pressure solution, carbonate cementation and secondary quartz increase. There are, however, just two diagenetic reservoir facies which provide low-permeability reservoir beds, namely strong dissolution and chlorite-lined intergranular pores. We also analyzed their diagenetic evolution sequences and the origin of the low-permeability reservoir bed. Besides, it was also indicated that the composition and structure of sandstones, types of sedimentary microfacies, diagenesis history as well as the tectonic reworking in later periods are the main factors controlling the formation of the low-permeability reservoir bed. The above- mentioned factors establish the foundation for the forecasting the distribution of high quality reservoir beds.

Petrophysical and capillary pressure properties of the upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation tight gas sandstones in western Sichuan,China

The tight sandstones of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation（T_3x） constitute important gas reservoirs in western Sichuan.The Xujiahe sandstones are characterized by low to very low porosity （av.5.22%and 3.62%） for the T_3x^4 and T_3x^2 sandstones,respectively）,extremely low permeability（av. 0.060 mD and 0.058 mD for the T_3x^4 and T_3x^2 sandstones,respectively）,strong heterogeneity,micronano pore throat,and poor pore throat sorting.As a result of complex pore structure and the occurrence of fractures,weak correlations exist between petrophysical properties and pore throat size,demonstrating that porosity or pore throat size alone does not serve as a good permeability predictor.Much improved correlations can be obtained between permeability and porosity when pore throat radii are incorporated. Correlations between porosity,permeability,and pore throat radii corresponding to different saturations of mercury were established,showing that the pore throat radius at 20%mercury saturation（R_（20）） is the best permeability predictor.Multivariate regression analysis and artificial neural network（ANN） methods were used to establish permeability prediction models and the unique characteristics of neural networks enable them to be more successful in predicting permeability than the multivariate regression model.In addition, four petrophysical rock types can be identified based on the distributions of R_（20）,each exhibiting distinct petrophysical properties and corresponding to different flow units.

An Upward Shallowing Succession of Gravity Flow Deposits in the Early Cretaceous Lingshandao Formation,Western Yellow Sea

Objective Several well-exposed gravity flow deposits in the Early Cretaceous Lingshandao Formation provide a rare opportunity to study deep-water processes. The main objective of this work is to establish the spatial and temporal relationships between the various gravity flow deposits, and thus to establish their sequence stratigraphic patterns and depositional conditions.

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISTICS OF JURASSIC SHAXIMIAO FORMATION, WESTERN SICHUAN BASIN

研究表明，川西地区沙溪庙组储层主要储集岩为长石砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩，其次为岩屑砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩及岩屑石英砂岩。储集空间分为孔、缝，其中主要储集空间为粒间溶孔，其次为残余粒间孔和粒内溶孔。喉道类型以管状和粒间裂隙为主，属细一微喉型。储层孔隙结构差，具有孔隙小、喉道窄、有效连通孔隙体积小和中一高排驱压力的特征，总体属于低一中孔、低一中渗，局部存在高孔高渗的常规储层，非均质性强。在此基础上通过对储层发育控制因素、储集砂体展布及有利储集区带的研究，为川西沙溪庙组的油气藏勘探开发提供了重要支撑。

Numerical Simulation of the Influence of Pore Structure on Resistivity, Formation Factor and Cementation Index in Tight Sandstone

Tight sandstone,with severe diagenesis and complex pore structure,differs greatly from conventional sandstone in terms of rock electrical parameters.In subsurface rock electrical experiments,various electrical parameters are confounded and can only be analyzed qualitatively.The lack of quantitative analysis for each individual electrical parameter presents a challenge for the evaluation of oil and gas saturation in tight sandstone.Based on the 2D pore-throat model and the features of pore structure in the tight sandstone of the Penglaizhen and Shaximiao Formations in the upper and middle Jurassic of the Western Sichuan Depression,this paper presents 3D micro pore-throat models for three types of tight sandstone.It proposes a finite element-based rock electrical simulation method to analyze the influence of pore structure parameters,such as throat radius and throat tortuosity,on electrical parameters such as resistivity,formation factor,and cementation index quantitatively.The research revealed the following results:(1)Throats of tight sandstone usually have lamellar or curved lamellar shapes that are slender and narrow.The lamellar throat used in the proposed porethroat model is more consistent with the features of tight sandstone than the tubular throat used in the original model.(2)The throat determines the conductivity of tight sandstone.The throat parallel to the electric potential has the greatest influence on conductivity,and the throat perpendicular to the potential has the least influence.(3)In tight sandstone grades I to III,as the porosity decreases,the formation factor increases and the cementation index decreases.(4)The results of the rock electrical simulation are consistent with the results of the rock electrical experiment,which indicates that the proposed rock electrical simulation method of tight sandstone is effective and accurate.

Gas Generation from Coal and Coal-Measure Mudstone Source Rocks of the Xujiahe Formation in the Western Sichuan Depression,Sichuan Basin

The Triassic and Jurassic tight sandstone gas in the western Sichuan depression,Sichuan Basin has attracted much attention in recent years,and the Upper Triassic coal-bearing Xujiahe Formation is believed to be the major source rock.However,there are relatively few studies on the carbon isotopic heterogeneity of methane generated from coal-measure source rocks and the origin of the natural gases in Xinchang Gas Field is still controversial.In this study,one coal-measure mudstone sample and one coal sample of the Xujiahe Formation in western Sichuan Basin were selected for gold tube pyrolysis experiment to determine their gas generation characteristics.Geological extrapolation of gas generation and methane carbon isotope fractionation parameters reveals that the main gas generation stage of Xujiahe Formation ranges from Late Jurassic to Cretaceous in the Xinchang Gas Field.The natural gas in the 5th member of Xujiahe Formation in Xinchang Gas Field is mainly derived from the 5th member of Xujiahe Formation itself,i.e.,self-generation and self-reservoir,however,the gas in the Jurassic gas pools is mainly derived from the source rocks of the 3rd member of Xujiahe Formation rather than the 5th member of Xujiahe Formation.

Evolution of terraces Ⅰ–Ⅲ along the Anning River, western Sichuan, based on pollen records and terrace structure

This study reconstructs the long-term evolution of river terraces over large spatial scales along the Anning River, western Sichuan, and identifies external factors controlling terrace formation. Pollen record analysis and terrace structure indicate that formation of the middle section of terraces I-III resulted from the interaction of changing climates and uplift of the margins of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The relative influence of climate and uplift in terrace formation changes in different periods. The terraces reveal multiple, gradual uplift events on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is of great significance for determining uplift mechanisms across the entire plateau.

应用INPEFA技术在源内层系中划分层序和识别高能砂——以川西坳陷新场构造带须五段为例

在缺乏地震资料的情况下,单纯利用测井资料和钻井资料进行层序划分和砂体连井对比,可能出现穿层现象。利用最大熵时频谱预测误差滤波(INPEFA)分析技术,可突出测井曲线包含的地质信息,反映砂体在沉积过程中的韵律变化特征。针对川西坳陷须家河组须五段建立层序地层格架,根据INPEFA曲线的特征,将须五段划分为1个三级层序、3个四级层序和9个五级层序;同时结合粒度中值的测井计算方法,在须五段中识别了5套粒级为中砂的相对高能砂。

川西巴塘地区富锂温泉的同位素特征及其成因探讨

川西巴塘地区处于青藏高原东南缘,是地壳新构造运动活跃、地震活动强烈而密集的地区,其中茶洛—德达地段是温泉聚集区,富锂沸泉与温泉密集发育。为进一步认识该区富锂温泉的成因以及温泉与地震活动的关系,开展了温泉水氢、氧、碳和锂同位素的综合研究,阐明了地热流体、锂和热量的来源,探讨了富锂温泉的成因及其与地震活动的关系,为该区富锂温泉的研究和勘查提供支撑。研究结果显示:1)茶洛—德达地段发育章柯、茶洛富锂沸泉和查青卡富锂温泉,锂含量高达1353.00~3592.00µg·L^(-1),其锂同位素组成δ7Li介于-0.53‰~1.74‰之间;2)该区富锂温泉水主要来源于周边4800~5200 m的高山区域大气降水,温泉流体循环深度可达6900~8500 m,与该区部分地震的震源深度相当;3)富锂温泉的深部发生较强的高温(温度236~289℃)水-岩反应,碳酸盐岩、富锂花岗岩等释放出碳和锂等元素,形成查青卡富锂温泉(1353~1392µg·L^(-1));章柯、茶洛沸泉除上述锂来源外,还有深部高温富锂流体混入,从而形成更高温(240~289℃)、更富锂(2736~3592µg·L^(-1))的地热流体;4)该区章柯、茶洛富锂沸泉的热源除以深部(地壳、地幔)热流为主要热源外,还有地震断层摩擦热、深部流体热为补充热源,频发的地震活动持续地、脉动式地为章柯、茶洛地热系统补充热量,形成富锂沸泉。查青卡富锂温泉热源主要为深部(地壳、地幔)热流,无断层摩擦热和深部流体热补充。

川西地区中三叠统雷口坡组四段古海湾特征及其油气地质意义

基于四川盆地西部(简称川西)地区11条重点露头剖面与盆地内部400余口钻井资料,通过沉积学、岩石学和测井分析等手段,结合微生物岩、膏盐岩、风暴岩等特殊岩相标志,明确川西地区中三叠统雷口坡组四段(简称雷四段)的沉积相类型,刻画川西地区雷四段海湾相的展布特征及演化,并探讨其油气地质意义。研究表明:①川西地区雷四段沉积期为“海—湾—坪”沉积模式,自东向西依次为蒸发潮坪相、局限潮坪相和海湾相3个相带,其中海湾相发育海湾边缘、潮下海湾和海湾斜坡亚相;②海湾边缘主要发育微生物礁和颗粒滩微相,潮下海湾发育微生物坪、深水海绵礁和静水泥微相,海湾斜坡则主要为上斜坡的风暴和垮塌沉积;③雷四段1亚段沉积期由于海平面下降,海湾边界位于广元—梓潼—都江堰一带;雷四段2亚段沉积期,海湾边界退至上寺—江油—都江堰一带以西;雷四段3亚段沉积期,发生小规模海侵,海湾边界扩展至盆地中北部的上寺—梓潼—阆中—武胜—盐亭—成都一带;④川西地区雷四段沉积期古海湾呈现出一隆两凹的古构造地貌格局,形成源储平面间互、纵向叠置的配置关系,海湾边缘发育微生物礁和颗粒滩储层,海湾两侧凹陷内发育优质烃源岩,由此构建了旁生侧储与自生自储两种高效的源储配置模式,这些新认识有望开启雷口坡组油气勘探的新局面。

鄂西鹤峰埃迪卡拉系灯影组叠层石及其生态环境讨论

【研究目的】扬子区鄂中台地埃迪卡拉系灯影组赋存丰富的叠层石,但尚未有报道对其进行系统描述。通过识别台地西南端鹤峰白果坪剖面灯影组中的叠层石种类、分析沉积环境,阐述古环境对叠层石形态分布的控制,为后续开展鄂中台地埃迪卡拉纪的叠层石研究提供参考。【研究方法】通过剖面测量和镜下观察,于白果坪灯影组白云岩中识别出平直纹层、Stratifera层状、微波状纹层三种层状叠层石和一种Baicalia柱状叠层石。【研究结果】研究认为上述的叠层石类型分别对应周期性暴露(前两种类型)、潟湖(微波状)和潮间带—潮下带上部(柱状)的生态位。对比与白果坪剖面灯影组同期叠层石的形态及分布规律,可知形成叠层石的微生物群落强烈受控于古水深等环境条件。层状叠层石生态区间宽,柱状及其他形态叠层石仅见于局限地区,多样性较低。【结论】扬子区碳酸盐岩台地长期稳定的大范围潮坪环境造成的广泛分布浅水生态位和局限分布较深水生态位,是导致灯影组沉积期叠层石多样性低的主要原因。

致密砂岩气藏高产富集规律研究——以川西坳陷新场—合兴场须家河组二段气藏为例

四川盆地川西坳陷须家河组致密砂岩气藏储量巨大,具有砂体厚、物性差、非均质性强、气水分布复杂等特点,给气藏的开发评价及建产选区带来极大难度。为实现气藏高效评价开发,以新场—合兴场须家河组二段气藏为研究对象,基于气藏静、动态特征,深度分析了典型井的古、今构造位置,断层特征,裂缝和储层品质等对产能的影响,明确气井高产的主要控制因素。通过分析各控制因素的综合作用,结合成藏研究成果,探讨天然气富集高产规律,结果表明新场—合兴场须家河组二段气藏气井可分为高产高效、中产中效、低产低效3种类型。高产高效和中产中效气井产量高、稳产好,主要分布在北南向四级烃源断层和五级断层附近,裂缝发育、优质储层厚度大,具有良好的地质条件。明确了气藏富集高产遵循古、今构造控藏,烃源断层控富,有效裂缝控产,优质储层控稳的规律,为该气藏的高效开发奠定了基础。

深层致密气地质工程一体化实践——以川西须家河组为例

川西新场—合兴场须家河组天然气资源丰富,中国石化探区保有探明地质储量超1700×10^(8)m^(3),储层具有气藏埋藏深(4500~5500m)、地层压力高(压力系数为1.4~1.7)、地层破裂压力高(110~165MPa)、特低孔隙度(平均孔隙度为3.7%)、特低渗透率(平均渗透率为0.07mD)的“一深两高两低”特点,为天然气成藏地质理论认识及高效开发带来了多重挑战,制约了气藏的勘探开发进程。以地质工程一体化融合实践为攻关思路,深化致密砂岩气输导体成藏认识,明确成藏机理及富集高产规律,以地质甜点发育模式深入解剖为切入点,阐明气藏甜点形成机制,建立甜点地质模式,抓住裂缝和储层地震精细刻画和定量预测技术、优化钻井及储层改造等关键技术,开展地质—地球物理—钻完井关键技术的地质工程一体化协同攻关与技术—经济一体化目标实践,技术序列的成功应用支撑气田规模上产,已累计新建产能超10×10^(8)m^(3),保障合兴场气田新增探明地质储量超1300×10^(8)m^(3),进一步证实了地质工程一体化是低品位气藏有效开发的必经之路,推动了川西须家河组气藏的效益开发进程,为致密难动用储量,特别是深层致密气的勘探开发提供借鉴。

川西地区雷口坡组气藏气源分析与成藏模式

文中以地震、钻井、岩心、气体组分及同位素等资料为基础,分析了川西地区不同构造中三叠统雷口坡组的气藏特征,划分了天然气来源,明确了油气成藏模式。研究表明:根据天然气组分特征差异,可将川西地区雷口坡组气藏划分为烷烃体积分数略低、H2S和CO_(2)等非烃体积分数略高的山前隐伏构造带,以及烷烃体积分数略高、H2S和CO_(2)等非烃体积分数略低的山前坳陷带;根据天然气烷烃同位素特征差异,山前隐伏构造带可划分为δ13C2偏轻、同位素倒序分布的石羊镇、鸭子河构造和δ13C2偏重、同位素正序分布的金马构造;山前坳陷带可划分为δ13C2偏轻、碳同位素值正序分布的新场构造和δ13C2偏重、碳同位素值正序分布的永兴、马井构造。基于天然气运移条件和成藏模式分析认为:石羊镇、鸭子河构造天然气来源于龙潭组和雷口坡组烃源岩;金马、马井构造天然气来源于龙潭组、雷口坡组和马鞍塘组烃源岩;新场构造天然气来源于雷口坡组烃源岩,顶部部分层段由马一段石灰岩供烃;永兴构造天然气来源于马二段页岩。油气成藏模式和断层发育规模是控制川西地区不同构造雷口坡组气藏特征及天然气来源差异的主要因素。

川西新场地区须二段致密砂岩气藏气水分布特征及主控因素

致密砂岩气藏气水关系复杂,为了阐明川西新场地区须二段气水分布主控因素,以试产数据、压汞曲线、岩石薄片分析为手段,探讨了地层水宏观特征,明确了新场地区须二段气水分布主控因素。结果表明:新场地区须二段储层较致密,孔喉连通性差,致密化储层使气水分布复杂,须二段气藏总体呈上气下水特征,但气水倒置现象较多;研究区气水分布受控于构造演化、砂泥岩相配置关系、河道间叠置方式及单砂体内部成岩差异,多期构造演化过程控制了气水分布的宏观尺度格局,不同类型的河道叠置及砂泥配置关系影响砂体尺度的气水分布,厚层-薄层垂向分离型叠置关系及砂泥互层型配置关系有利于形成气层,单砂体内部成岩差异影响单砂体内部尺度气水分布。对研究区气水分布主控因素的研究结果,可有效指导新场地区须二段气藏的勘探开发。

川西地区雷口坡组储层流体包裹体特征与成藏期次

以地震、钻井、岩心和包裹体薄片等资料为基础,结合区域构造演化和烃源岩生排烃过程,通过对川西地区中三叠统雷口坡组储层流体包裹体岩相学分析、均一温度及盐度测定、埋藏—热演化史模拟和气藏演化过程分析等,明确雷口坡组油气充注时间和期次,分析不同类型气藏的成藏过程。结果表明:川西探区雷口坡组包裹体成群/成带发育于孔洞矿物充填期后,丰度较低(GOI为1%±),均为灰色—深灰色含烃盐水包裹体;均一温度在90℃~200℃,温度峰值在120℃~150℃;盐度分布在0~24%,具体可细分为0~4%、6%~18%和20%~24%共3个区间。川西探区雷口坡组天然气主成藏期有3期,分别为晚三叠世末期、早侏罗世晚期至晚侏罗世早期和新近纪—第四纪。油气成藏过程为晚三叠世,上二叠统龙潭组和中三叠统雷口坡组烃源岩进入生油高峰,生成原油沿印支运动形成的断裂进入雷四段储层形成古油藏;早-中侏罗世,两套烃源岩进入生气高峰,叠加古油藏裂解生气形成气藏,斜坡区马鞍塘组烃源岩进入生油高峰,沿不整合面侧向运移至雷四段储层形成古油藏;新近纪以来,油气藏最终调整定型形成现今形态。

川西孝泉—丰谷地区须二段深层致密砂岩储层地应力大小评价方法及其工程应用

[研究目的]川西坳陷孝泉—丰谷地区须二段砂岩气藏的勘探开发潜力巨大,但该地区埋藏较深且构造复杂、断缝系统多期叠加,使得地应力频繁变化,制约了该区井位轨迹设计与压裂改造的有效实施,故需对该区地应力大小进行精细评价,为工程开发提供建议从而提高产能。[研究方法]基于岩石力学、声发射实验及差应变分析等实验测试方法,并结合常规测井、特殊测井及水力压裂等资料分析,优选了适应于深层块状均质致密砂岩储层的地应力大小实验测试方法,并在单点地应力大小准确评价的基础之上,构建了研究区分构造变形单元分层的单井地应力大小连续测井解释模型,查明了纵向上地应力大小变化结构类型及分布规律。[研究结果]研究表明差应变分析法计算的地应力大小精确度最高,为更能够准确表征深层均质块状致密砂岩地应力大小的实验方法。测试结果显示须二段属于Ⅲ类地应力类型,处于走滑应力状态,存在部分逆冲挤压应力状态;在井点测试的基础上,形成了基于井壁影像反演的地应力大小评价技术;地应力大小结构变化在纵向上分为5种类型,其中南北向(SN)三级以上断层和南北向(SN)褶皱或北东东向(NEE)褶皱变形的高部位以低低高(LLH)型和低应力(LC)型为主,在小规模断层或平缓构造区以高低高(HLH)型或高低低(HLL)型为主。[结论]建议选择低低高(LLH)型地应力剖面进行工程开发,其纵向上可穿透更多含气层,同时避开底层底水,预防生产早期快速见水,故应选择二—三级南北向断层和南北或北东向纵弯褶皱区须二2中上段进行水力压裂改造。

四川盆地川中—川西过渡带中侏罗统沙溪庙组致密砂岩相对优质储层成因机制

川中—川西过渡带沙溪庙组天然气勘探潜力巨大,是四川盆地近几年勘探的热点。目前,制约沙溪庙组致密砂岩天然气勘探开发的问题较多,其中,“相对优质储层”的形成机理和综合预测是亟需解决的关键问题之一。针对这一科学问题,本次研究通过系统的物性分析、铸体薄片鉴定、扫描电镜分析以及储层地球化学分析等,开展了研究区沙溪庙组相对优质储层成因机制研究。研究结果表明:沙溪庙组致密砂岩以岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主。沙二段砂岩石英平均体积分数为35.27%,长石平均体积分数为35.37%,岩屑平均体积分数为29.36%,沙一段砂岩石英平均体积分数为37.79%,长石平均体积分数为24.01%,岩屑平均体积分数为38.20%,沙一段长石体积分数较高,沙二段岩屑体积分数较高。沙二段以变质岩岩屑为主(占岩屑体积分数的55%),沙一段则以岩浆岩岩屑为主(占岩屑体积分数的43%)。储层孔隙类型以原生孔为主,长石溶蚀孔为辅,沙一段具有相对更高比例的原生孔和裂隙孔。沙二段砂岩中38.00%的样品孔隙度大于12%,25.25%的样品渗透率大于1×10^(-3)μm^(2),沙一段砂岩仅3.09%的样品孔隙度大于12%,但41.22%的样品渗透率大于1×10^(-3)μm^(2)。总体表现为致密背景下发育一定的相对优质储层。其中沙二段储层孔隙度发育较好,而沙一段储层渗透性更佳,说明沙一段储层孔隙结构相对较好。沙溪庙组致密砂岩储层发育受控于岩矿组合-烃源体系-成岩系统。岩矿组合为成岩作用的演化提供物质基础,烃源体系决定溶蚀作用发育的强度,并为砂岩中主要自生矿物的沉淀提供必要的离子来源;成岩系统的开放程度则决定了体系内外离子的带进带出,进而影响了溶蚀作用和相应成岩产物的沉淀。沙二和沙一段砂岩岩矿组合的差异、沉积环境的不同、烃源体系以及成岩系统的开放程度是导致其成岩作用差异的主要原因。综上认为,高能沉积环境、早期保持性成岩作用(孔隙衬垫绿泥石)、多期次和多种类型的溶蚀作用以及局部微裂缝的发育改造,是研究区沙溪庙组相对优质储层发育的主要机制。

川西藏东地区隧道围岩有害气体孕育机制及逸出风险评价研究

青藏高原复杂的地质构造使区域内断裂分布密集、岩性变化巨大,现有的研究成果无法有效预测岩层内有害气体赋存种类与状态。基于川西藏东地质演化相关研究成果,对区域内岩石、断裂构造以及水热循环影响下有害气体的成因及组分特征进行研究。通过对区域内地层构造及岩石分布进行分析,明确区域内主要气藏类型及分布范围;建立复杂地层有害气体逸出风险评价体系,并通过现场监测对评价效果进行验证。结果表明:1)川西藏东地区岩层主要有害气体孕育类型包括岩浆岩脱气孕育气体、变质岩化学反应释放气体、沉积岩油气矿藏富集气体、金属矿伴生气体等;其中,岩浆岩孕育有害气体主要赋存于入侵通道形成的气囊内,变质岩孕育有害气体主要赋存于酸性岩浆岩与碳酸岩接触面以及金属矿附近,沉积岩孕育有害气体主要赋存于油气盖层内。2)岩石圈断裂对深部有害气体的赋存最有利,水热循环通过物质扩散和水力运移2种方式加速深部有害气体的运移,其中深大主断裂控制型水热循环模式影响最显著。3)基于川西藏东地区地层岩性及断裂构造特征,对CO_(2)、CH_(4)、SO_(2)及H_(2)S等主要有害气体的赋存区域进行划分。4)根据研究区域地层岩性、断裂构造、水热分布特点,建立复杂地层有害气体逸出风险评价体系;根据隧道开挖高浓度有害气体逸出可能性划分为5个风险等级,并针对不同逸出风险提出相应防治建议。