Recent advances in hydrocarbon exploration have been made in the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex reservoirs of the Dengying Formation in the western Sichuan Basin, SW China,where the depositional p...Recent advances in hydrocarbon exploration have been made in the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex reservoirs of the Dengying Formation in the western Sichuan Basin, SW China,where the depositional process is regarded confusing. The microfacies, construction types, and depositional model of the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex have been investigated using unmanned aerial vehicle photography, outcrop section investigation, thin section identification,and seismic reflections in the southwestern Sichuan Basin. The microbialite lithologic textures in this region include thrombolite, dendrolite, stromatolite, fenestral stromatolite, spongiostromata stone,oncolite, aggregated grainstone, and botryoidal grapestone. Based on the comprehensive analysis of“depositional fabrics-lithology-microfacies”, an association between a fore mound, mound framework,and back mound subfacies has been proposed based on water depth, current direction, energy level and lithologic assemblages. The microfacies of the mound base, mound core, mound flank, mound cap, and mound flat could be recognized among the mound framework subfacies. Two construction types of marginal microbial mound-bank complex have been determined based on deposition location, mound scale, migration direction, and sedimentary facies association. Type Jinkouhe microbial mound constructions(TJMMCs) develop along the windward margin owing to their proximity to the seaward subfacies fore mound, with a northeastwardly migrated microbial mound on top of the mud mound,exhibiting the characteristics of large-sized mounds and small-sized banks in the surrounding area. Type E'bian microbial mound constructions(TEMMCs) primarily occur on the leeward margin, resulting from the presence of onshore back mound subfacies, with the smaller southwestward migrated microbial mounds existing on a thicker microbial flat. The platform margin microbial mound depositional model can be correlated with certain lateral comparison profile and seismic reflection structures in the 2D seismic section, which can provide references for future worldwide exploration. Microbial mounds with larger buildups and thicker vertical reservoirs are typically targeted on the windward margin, while small-sized microbial mounds and flats with better lateral connections are typically focused on the leeward margin.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of death worldwide.Current therapies are effective for HCC patients with early disease,but many patients suffer recurrence after surgery and have a poor response to chem...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of death worldwide.Current therapies are effective for HCC patients with early disease,but many patients suffer recurrence after surgery and have a poor response to chemotherapy.Therefore,new therapeutic targets are needed.We analyzed gene expression profiles between HCC tissues and normal adjacent tissues from public databases and found that the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism was significantly different.The analysis showed that AKR1C3 was upregulated in tumors,and high AKR1C3 expression was associated with a poorer prognosis in HCC patients.In vitro,assays demonstrated that the knockdown of AKR1C3 or the addition of the AKR1C3 inhibitor indomethacin suppressed the growth and colony formation of HCC cell lines.Knockdown of AKR1C3 in Huh7 cells reduced tumor growth in vivo.To explore the mechanism,we performed pathway enrichment analysis,and the results linked the expression of AKR1C3 with prostaglandin F2 alpha(PGF2a)downstream target genes.Suppression of AKR1C3 activity reduced the production of PGF2a,and supplementation with PGF2a restored the growth of indomethacin-treated Huh7 cells.Knockdown of the PGF receptor(PTGFR)and treatment with a PTGFR inhibitor significantly reduced HCC growth.We showed that indomethacin potentiated the sensitivity of Huh7 cells to sorafenib.In summary,our results indicate that AKR1C3 upregulation may promote HCC growth by promoting the production of PGF2α,and suppression of PTGFR limited HCC growth.Therefore,targeting the AKR1C3-PGF2a-PTGFR axis may be a new strategy for the treatment of HCC.展开更多
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs(miRNAs)regulate gene expression and play a critical role in cancer physiology.However,there is still a limited understanding of the function and regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in gastric cancer(GC...BACKGROUND MicroRNAs(miRNAs)regulate gene expression and play a critical role in cancer physiology.However,there is still a limited understanding of the function and regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in gastric cancer(GC).AIM To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of miRNA-145-5p(miR145-5p)in the progression of GC.METHODS Real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to detect miRNA expression in human GC tissues and cells.The ability of cancer cells to migrate and invade was assessed using wound-healing and transwell assays,respectively.Cell proliferation was measured using cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays,and apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry.Expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-associated protein was determined by Western blot.Targets of miR-145-5p were predicated using bioinformatics analysis and verified using a dual-luciferase reporter system.Serpin family E member 1(SERPINE1)expression in GC tissues and cells was evaluated using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining.The correlation between SERPINE1 expression and overall patient survival was determined using Kaplan-Meier plot analysis.The association between SERPINE1 and GC progression was also tested.A rescue experiment of SERPINE1 overexpression was conducted to verify the relationship between this protein and miR-145-5p.The mechanism by which miR-145-5p influences GC progression was further explored by assessing tumor formation in nude mice.RESULTS GC tissues and cells had reduced miR-145-5p expression and SERPINE1 was identified as a direct target of this miRNA.Overexpression of miR-145-5p was associated with decreased GC cell proliferation,invasion,migration,and EMT,and these effects were reversed by forcing SERPINE1 expression.Kaplan-Meier plot analysis revealed that patients with higher SERPINE1 expression had a shorter survival rate than those with lower SERPINE1 expression.Nude mouse tumorigenesis experiments confirmed that miR-145-5p targets SERPINE1 to regulate extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2(ERK1/2).CONCLUSION This study found that miR-145-5p inhibits tumor progression and is expressed in lower amounts in patients with GC.MiR-145-5p was found to affect GC cell proliferation,migration,and invasion by negatively regulating SERPINE1 levels and controlling the ERK1/2 pathway.展开更多
目的探究雄黄主要成分二硫化二砷(As_(2)S_(2))对三阴性乳腺癌(triple negative breast cancer,TNBC)的作用及表观遗传调控机制。方法采用CCK-8、平板克隆形成和细胞划痕实验探究As_(2)S_(2)对人正常乳腺上皮细胞MCF-10A及TNBC细胞增殖...目的探究雄黄主要成分二硫化二砷(As_(2)S_(2))对三阴性乳腺癌(triple negative breast cancer,TNBC)的作用及表观遗传调控机制。方法采用CCK-8、平板克隆形成和细胞划痕实验探究As_(2)S_(2)对人正常乳腺上皮细胞MCF-10A及TNBC细胞增殖和迁移的影响;4D-label free定量蛋白质组学分析挖掘As_(2)S_(2)抗TNBC的潜在干预靶点酸性核磷蛋白家族成员32A(acidic nuclear phosphoprotein family member 32A,ANP32A);慢病毒感染法构建ANP32A过表达敲低细胞株,探究潜在靶点ANP32A对As_(2)S_(2)抗TNBC作用的影响;蛋白质免疫共沉淀和Western blot实验探究As_(2)S_(2)是否通过ANP32A调控TNBC细胞H3乙酰化。结果As_(2)S_(2)对人正常乳腺上皮细胞MCF-10A影响甚微,但显著抑制TNBC细胞增殖和迁移,且呈剂量依赖性;4D-lable free定量蛋白质组学分析结果显示,促癌因子ANP32A被As_(2)S_(2)显著下调,且ANP32A表达影响As_(2)S_(2)在TNBC中的抗增殖和迁移效果。As_(2)S_(2)能下调ANP32A的蛋白水平,抑制乙酰转移酶抑制剂复合物亚基的招募,增加H3乙酰化水平。结论As_(2)S_(2)通过下调ANP32A蛋白调控TNBC细胞中H3乙酰化,抑制TNBC细胞增殖和迁移。展开更多
目的探讨嗅觉受体家族13亚家族C成员2(olfactory receptor family 13 subfamily C member 2,OR13C2)在肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)中的表达及临床病理意义。方法收集2017年8月至2022年3月于右江民族医学院附属医院进行手术...目的探讨嗅觉受体家族13亚家族C成员2(olfactory receptor family 13 subfamily C member 2,OR13C2)在肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)中的表达及临床病理意义。方法收集2017年8月至2022年3月于右江民族医学院附属医院进行手术切除治疗的HCC患者为研究对象,取石蜡包埋的癌组织及癌旁非癌肝组织适量,采用免疫组化染色EnVision二步法检测OR13C2在上述组织中的表达情况,通过Logistic回归模型分析OR13C2的表达与HCC组织学分级、癌旁肝纤维化等临床病理特征的相关性。结果OR13C2在HCC癌组织中的表达明显低于癌旁肝组织,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);HCC肿瘤组织中OR13C2的表达与HCC组织学分级差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),HCC中OR13C2的表达与HCC的组织学分级呈负相关(r=-0.213,P<0.05),OR13C2表达下调为肿瘤去分化风险因子(风险值为3.914,P<0.05);OR13C2在癌组织中的表达与HCC的发病年龄、性别、包膜侵犯、临床分期、乙型肝炎病毒感染、术前血清甲胎蛋白及微血管侵犯以及癌组织中Glypican-3、Arginase-1表达的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),OR13C2在癌旁肝组织中的表达与肝纤维化分期、慢性肝炎分级差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论HCC癌组织中OR13C2表达水平下调,这种下调与肿瘤的组织学分级负相关,是一个肿瘤去分化的风险因子。这些结果提示OR13C2表达失调在HCC发生中可能起一定的促进作用。展开更多
"Continuous" tight gas reservoirs are those reservoirs which develop in widespread tight sandstones with a continuous distribution of natural gas. In this paper, we summarize the geological features of the source ro..."Continuous" tight gas reservoirs are those reservoirs which develop in widespread tight sandstones with a continuous distribution of natural gas. In this paper, we summarize the geological features of the source rocks and "'continuous" tight gas reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation of the middle- south transition region, Sichuan Basin. The source rocks of the Xul Member and reservoir rocks of the Xu2 Member are thick (Xul Member: 40 m, Xu2 Member: 120 m) and are distributed continuously in this study area. The results of drilled wells show that the widespread sandstone reservoirs of the Xu2 Member are charged with natural gas. Therefore, the natural gas reservoirs of the Xu2 Member in the middle-south transition region are "continuous" tight gas reservoirs. The accumulation of "continuous" tight gas reservoirs is controlled by an adequate driving force of the pressure differences between source rocks and reservoirs, which is demonstrated by a "one-dimensional" physical simulation experiment. In this simulation, the natural gas of"continuous" tight gas reservoirs moves tbrward with no preferential petroleum migration pathways (PPMP), and the natural gas saturation of"continuous" tight gas reservoirs is higher than that of conventional reservoirs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming has been identified as a core hallmark of cancer.Solute carrier family 2 is a major glucose carrier family.It consists of 14 members,and we mainly study solute carrier family 2 membe...BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming has been identified as a core hallmark of cancer.Solute carrier family 2 is a major glucose carrier family.It consists of 14 members,and we mainly study solute carrier family 2 member 1(SLC2A1)and solute carrier family 2 member 2(SLC2A2)here.SLC2A1,mainly existing in human erythrocytes,brain endothelial cells,and normal placenta,was found to be increased in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),while SLC2A2,the major transporter of the normal liver,was decreased in HCC.AIM To identify if SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were associated with immune infiltration in addition to participating in the metabolic reprogramming in HCC.METHODS The expression levels of SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were tested in HepG2 cells,HepG215 cells,and multiple databases.The clinical characteristics and survival data of SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were examined by multiple databases.The correlation between SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 was analyzed by multiple databases.The functions and pathways in which SLC2A1,SLC2A2,and frequently altered neighbor genes were involved were discussed in String.Immune infiltration levels and immune marker genes associated with SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were discussed from multiple databases.RESULTS The expression level of SLC2A1 was up-regulated,but the expression level of SLC2A2 was down-regulated in HepG2 cells,HepG215 cells,and liver cancer patients.The expression levels of SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were related to tumor volume,grade,and stage in HCC.Interestingly,the expression levels of SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were negatively correlated.Further,high SLC2A1 expression and low SLC2A2 expression were linked to poor overall survival and relapse-free survival.SLC2A1,SLC2A2,and frequently altered neighbor genes played a major role in the occurrence and development of tumors.Notably,SLC2A1 was positively correlated with tumor immune infiltration,while SLC2A2 was negatively correlated with tumor immune infiltration.Particularly,SLC2A2 methylation was positively correlated with lymphocytes.CONCLUSION SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 are independent therapeutic targets for HCC,and they are quintessential marker molecules for predicting and regulating the number and status of immune cells in HCC.展开更多
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)seems to employ two routes of entrance to the host cell;via membrane fusion(with the cells expressing both angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2)and transmembr...Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)seems to employ two routes of entrance to the host cell;via membrane fusion(with the cells expressing both angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2)and transmembrane peptidase/serine subfamily member 2/4(TMPRSS2/4))or via receptor-mediated endocytosis(to the target cells expressing only ACE2).The second mode is associated with cysteine cathepsins(probably cathepsin L)involvement in the virus spike protein(S protein)proteolytic activation.Also furin might activate the virus S protein enabling it to enter cells.Gastrointestinal tract(GIT)involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection is evident in a subset of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients exhibiting GIT symptoms,such as diarrhea,and presenting viral-shedding in feces.Considering the abundance and co-localization of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the lower GIT(especially brush-border enterocytes),these two receptors seem to be mainly involved in SARS-CoV-2 invasion of the digestive tract.Additionally,in vitro studies have demonstrated the virions capability of infection and replication in the human epithelial cells lining GIT.However,also furin and cysteine cathepsins(cathepsin L)might participate in the activation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein contributing to the virus invasiveness within GIT.Moreover,cathepsin L(due to its involvement in extracellular matrix components degradation and remodeling,the processes enhanced during SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation)might be responsible for the dysregulation of absorption/digestion functions of GIT,thus adding to the observed in some COVID-19 patients symptoms such as diarrhea.展开更多
基金jointly funded by projects supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41872150)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U19B6003)Major Scientific and Technological Projects of CNPC during the 13th five-year plan(No.2019A-02-10)。
文摘Recent advances in hydrocarbon exploration have been made in the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex reservoirs of the Dengying Formation in the western Sichuan Basin, SW China,where the depositional process is regarded confusing. The microfacies, construction types, and depositional model of the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex have been investigated using unmanned aerial vehicle photography, outcrop section investigation, thin section identification,and seismic reflections in the southwestern Sichuan Basin. The microbialite lithologic textures in this region include thrombolite, dendrolite, stromatolite, fenestral stromatolite, spongiostromata stone,oncolite, aggregated grainstone, and botryoidal grapestone. Based on the comprehensive analysis of“depositional fabrics-lithology-microfacies”, an association between a fore mound, mound framework,and back mound subfacies has been proposed based on water depth, current direction, energy level and lithologic assemblages. The microfacies of the mound base, mound core, mound flank, mound cap, and mound flat could be recognized among the mound framework subfacies. Two construction types of marginal microbial mound-bank complex have been determined based on deposition location, mound scale, migration direction, and sedimentary facies association. Type Jinkouhe microbial mound constructions(TJMMCs) develop along the windward margin owing to their proximity to the seaward subfacies fore mound, with a northeastwardly migrated microbial mound on top of the mud mound,exhibiting the characteristics of large-sized mounds and small-sized banks in the surrounding area. Type E'bian microbial mound constructions(TEMMCs) primarily occur on the leeward margin, resulting from the presence of onshore back mound subfacies, with the smaller southwestward migrated microbial mounds existing on a thicker microbial flat. The platform margin microbial mound depositional model can be correlated with certain lateral comparison profile and seismic reflection structures in the 2D seismic section, which can provide references for future worldwide exploration. Microbial mounds with larger buildups and thicker vertical reservoirs are typically targeted on the windward margin, while small-sized microbial mounds and flats with better lateral connections are typically focused on the leeward margin.
基金National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Far Eastern Memorial Hospital Joint Research Programs(NYCU-FEMH 109DN03,110DN06,111DN04,112DN05).
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of death worldwide.Current therapies are effective for HCC patients with early disease,but many patients suffer recurrence after surgery and have a poor response to chemotherapy.Therefore,new therapeutic targets are needed.We analyzed gene expression profiles between HCC tissues and normal adjacent tissues from public databases and found that the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism was significantly different.The analysis showed that AKR1C3 was upregulated in tumors,and high AKR1C3 expression was associated with a poorer prognosis in HCC patients.In vitro,assays demonstrated that the knockdown of AKR1C3 or the addition of the AKR1C3 inhibitor indomethacin suppressed the growth and colony formation of HCC cell lines.Knockdown of AKR1C3 in Huh7 cells reduced tumor growth in vivo.To explore the mechanism,we performed pathway enrichment analysis,and the results linked the expression of AKR1C3 with prostaglandin F2 alpha(PGF2a)downstream target genes.Suppression of AKR1C3 activity reduced the production of PGF2a,and supplementation with PGF2a restored the growth of indomethacin-treated Huh7 cells.Knockdown of the PGF receptor(PTGFR)and treatment with a PTGFR inhibitor significantly reduced HCC growth.We showed that indomethacin potentiated the sensitivity of Huh7 cells to sorafenib.In summary,our results indicate that AKR1C3 upregulation may promote HCC growth by promoting the production of PGF2α,and suppression of PTGFR limited HCC growth.Therefore,targeting the AKR1C3-PGF2a-PTGFR axis may be a new strategy for the treatment of HCC.
文摘BACKGROUND MicroRNAs(miRNAs)regulate gene expression and play a critical role in cancer physiology.However,there is still a limited understanding of the function and regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in gastric cancer(GC).AIM To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of miRNA-145-5p(miR145-5p)in the progression of GC.METHODS Real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to detect miRNA expression in human GC tissues and cells.The ability of cancer cells to migrate and invade was assessed using wound-healing and transwell assays,respectively.Cell proliferation was measured using cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays,and apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry.Expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-associated protein was determined by Western blot.Targets of miR-145-5p were predicated using bioinformatics analysis and verified using a dual-luciferase reporter system.Serpin family E member 1(SERPINE1)expression in GC tissues and cells was evaluated using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining.The correlation between SERPINE1 expression and overall patient survival was determined using Kaplan-Meier plot analysis.The association between SERPINE1 and GC progression was also tested.A rescue experiment of SERPINE1 overexpression was conducted to verify the relationship between this protein and miR-145-5p.The mechanism by which miR-145-5p influences GC progression was further explored by assessing tumor formation in nude mice.RESULTS GC tissues and cells had reduced miR-145-5p expression and SERPINE1 was identified as a direct target of this miRNA.Overexpression of miR-145-5p was associated with decreased GC cell proliferation,invasion,migration,and EMT,and these effects were reversed by forcing SERPINE1 expression.Kaplan-Meier plot analysis revealed that patients with higher SERPINE1 expression had a shorter survival rate than those with lower SERPINE1 expression.Nude mouse tumorigenesis experiments confirmed that miR-145-5p targets SERPINE1 to regulate extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2(ERK1/2).CONCLUSION This study found that miR-145-5p inhibits tumor progression and is expressed in lower amounts in patients with GC.MiR-145-5p was found to affect GC cell proliferation,migration,and invasion by negatively regulating SERPINE1 levels and controlling the ERK1/2 pathway.
文摘目的探究雄黄主要成分二硫化二砷(As_(2)S_(2))对三阴性乳腺癌(triple negative breast cancer,TNBC)的作用及表观遗传调控机制。方法采用CCK-8、平板克隆形成和细胞划痕实验探究As_(2)S_(2)对人正常乳腺上皮细胞MCF-10A及TNBC细胞增殖和迁移的影响;4D-label free定量蛋白质组学分析挖掘As_(2)S_(2)抗TNBC的潜在干预靶点酸性核磷蛋白家族成员32A(acidic nuclear phosphoprotein family member 32A,ANP32A);慢病毒感染法构建ANP32A过表达敲低细胞株,探究潜在靶点ANP32A对As_(2)S_(2)抗TNBC作用的影响;蛋白质免疫共沉淀和Western blot实验探究As_(2)S_(2)是否通过ANP32A调控TNBC细胞H3乙酰化。结果As_(2)S_(2)对人正常乳腺上皮细胞MCF-10A影响甚微,但显著抑制TNBC细胞增殖和迁移,且呈剂量依赖性;4D-lable free定量蛋白质组学分析结果显示,促癌因子ANP32A被As_(2)S_(2)显著下调,且ANP32A表达影响As_(2)S_(2)在TNBC中的抗增殖和迁移效果。As_(2)S_(2)能下调ANP32A的蛋白水平,抑制乙酰转移酶抑制剂复合物亚基的招募,增加H3乙酰化水平。结论As_(2)S_(2)通过下调ANP32A蛋白调控TNBC细胞中H3乙酰化,抑制TNBC细胞增殖和迁移。
文摘目的探讨嗅觉受体家族13亚家族C成员2(olfactory receptor family 13 subfamily C member 2,OR13C2)在肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)中的表达及临床病理意义。方法收集2017年8月至2022年3月于右江民族医学院附属医院进行手术切除治疗的HCC患者为研究对象,取石蜡包埋的癌组织及癌旁非癌肝组织适量,采用免疫组化染色EnVision二步法检测OR13C2在上述组织中的表达情况,通过Logistic回归模型分析OR13C2的表达与HCC组织学分级、癌旁肝纤维化等临床病理特征的相关性。结果OR13C2在HCC癌组织中的表达明显低于癌旁肝组织,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);HCC肿瘤组织中OR13C2的表达与HCC组织学分级差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),HCC中OR13C2的表达与HCC的组织学分级呈负相关(r=-0.213,P<0.05),OR13C2表达下调为肿瘤去分化风险因子(风险值为3.914,P<0.05);OR13C2在癌组织中的表达与HCC的发病年龄、性别、包膜侵犯、临床分期、乙型肝炎病毒感染、术前血清甲胎蛋白及微血管侵犯以及癌组织中Glypican-3、Arginase-1表达的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),OR13C2在癌旁肝组织中的表达与肝纤维化分期、慢性肝炎分级差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论HCC癌组织中OR13C2表达水平下调,这种下调与肿瘤的组织学分级负相关,是一个肿瘤去分化的风险因子。这些结果提示OR13C2表达失调在HCC发生中可能起一定的促进作用。
基金supported by the National Major Grant of"Accumulation Law,Key Technologies and Evaluations of the Stratigraphic Reservoirs"(No.2008ZX05000-001) from the Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development,PetroChina
文摘"Continuous" tight gas reservoirs are those reservoirs which develop in widespread tight sandstones with a continuous distribution of natural gas. In this paper, we summarize the geological features of the source rocks and "'continuous" tight gas reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation of the middle- south transition region, Sichuan Basin. The source rocks of the Xul Member and reservoir rocks of the Xu2 Member are thick (Xul Member: 40 m, Xu2 Member: 120 m) and are distributed continuously in this study area. The results of drilled wells show that the widespread sandstone reservoirs of the Xu2 Member are charged with natural gas. Therefore, the natural gas reservoirs of the Xu2 Member in the middle-south transition region are "continuous" tight gas reservoirs. The accumulation of "continuous" tight gas reservoirs is controlled by an adequate driving force of the pressure differences between source rocks and reservoirs, which is demonstrated by a "one-dimensional" physical simulation experiment. In this simulation, the natural gas of"continuous" tight gas reservoirs moves tbrward with no preferential petroleum migration pathways (PPMP), and the natural gas saturation of"continuous" tight gas reservoirs is higher than that of conventional reservoirs.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81873112Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,No.H2020423009+2 种基金Hundred Outstanding Innovative Talents Support Program of Universities in Hebei Province,No.SLRC2019043Basic Scientific Research Project of Hebei Provincial Colleges and Universities,No.JTZ2020005Scientific and Technological Capability Improvement Project of the Hebei University of Chinese Medicine,No.KTZ2019002.
文摘BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming has been identified as a core hallmark of cancer.Solute carrier family 2 is a major glucose carrier family.It consists of 14 members,and we mainly study solute carrier family 2 member 1(SLC2A1)and solute carrier family 2 member 2(SLC2A2)here.SLC2A1,mainly existing in human erythrocytes,brain endothelial cells,and normal placenta,was found to be increased in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),while SLC2A2,the major transporter of the normal liver,was decreased in HCC.AIM To identify if SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were associated with immune infiltration in addition to participating in the metabolic reprogramming in HCC.METHODS The expression levels of SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were tested in HepG2 cells,HepG215 cells,and multiple databases.The clinical characteristics and survival data of SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were examined by multiple databases.The correlation between SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 was analyzed by multiple databases.The functions and pathways in which SLC2A1,SLC2A2,and frequently altered neighbor genes were involved were discussed in String.Immune infiltration levels and immune marker genes associated with SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were discussed from multiple databases.RESULTS The expression level of SLC2A1 was up-regulated,but the expression level of SLC2A2 was down-regulated in HepG2 cells,HepG215 cells,and liver cancer patients.The expression levels of SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were related to tumor volume,grade,and stage in HCC.Interestingly,the expression levels of SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were negatively correlated.Further,high SLC2A1 expression and low SLC2A2 expression were linked to poor overall survival and relapse-free survival.SLC2A1,SLC2A2,and frequently altered neighbor genes played a major role in the occurrence and development of tumors.Notably,SLC2A1 was positively correlated with tumor immune infiltration,while SLC2A2 was negatively correlated with tumor immune infiltration.Particularly,SLC2A2 methylation was positively correlated with lymphocytes.CONCLUSION SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 are independent therapeutic targets for HCC,and they are quintessential marker molecules for predicting and regulating the number and status of immune cells in HCC.
文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)seems to employ two routes of entrance to the host cell;via membrane fusion(with the cells expressing both angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2)and transmembrane peptidase/serine subfamily member 2/4(TMPRSS2/4))or via receptor-mediated endocytosis(to the target cells expressing only ACE2).The second mode is associated with cysteine cathepsins(probably cathepsin L)involvement in the virus spike protein(S protein)proteolytic activation.Also furin might activate the virus S protein enabling it to enter cells.Gastrointestinal tract(GIT)involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection is evident in a subset of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients exhibiting GIT symptoms,such as diarrhea,and presenting viral-shedding in feces.Considering the abundance and co-localization of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the lower GIT(especially brush-border enterocytes),these two receptors seem to be mainly involved in SARS-CoV-2 invasion of the digestive tract.Additionally,in vitro studies have demonstrated the virions capability of infection and replication in the human epithelial cells lining GIT.However,also furin and cysteine cathepsins(cathepsin L)might participate in the activation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein contributing to the virus invasiveness within GIT.Moreover,cathepsin L(due to its involvement in extracellular matrix components degradation and remodeling,the processes enhanced during SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation)might be responsible for the dysregulation of absorption/digestion functions of GIT,thus adding to the observed in some COVID-19 patients symptoms such as diarrhea.