Characteristics of the site selection and the layout of the Great Wall of the Ming dynasty from a military perspective:Xiaohekou section as an example

As a great engineering work for the purpose of military defense in the time of Cold Weapon,the Great Wall’s military function is of the most importance.This study takes the Xiaohekou section of the Great Wall in Mount.Zhuizi constructed in the Ming Dynasty in Liaoning Province as the research object.In addition,this study discusses the relationship between the terrain and its site selection and layout from the military perspective.This research analyzes the trend and the grade of the terrain,the distance,the view range,and the effective firing range between the main body and the subsidiary establishments through GIS software.The GPS data collected in the on-site investigation were used,applying the theories of military geomorphology.Furthermore,this study concludes the characteristics of the site selection and the layouts of the city walls,the hollow watchtowers,the M a ria n s,and the signal towers on different terrains and the reasons behind.

浅埋大断面土质隧道下穿明长城施工安全控制技术研究

针对西河口浅埋大断面隧道下穿明长城施工难点,为有效保护文物,确保施工安全,文章提出了采用水泥-水玻璃双液地表注浆加双层大管棚的洞内外预加固措施、双侧壁导洞超短台阶施工工法及支护参数局部优化的综合安全控制技术。通过模型试验论证了方案的可行性,给出了确保下穿明长城安全施工的地表沉降控制标准,并通过现场监测评价了方案的合理性。

门源M_(S)6.9地震诱发明长城山丹段破坏机理分析

2022年1月8日青海门源发生了M_(S)6.9地震,造成位于低烈度区的甘肃省山丹县境内明长城墙体局部坍塌。作为国家重点文物保护遗址,其坍塌墙体距离此次地震震中114 km,地面振动强度相对较弱,因而其地震破坏机理值得深入研究。地震后,对已坍塌长城墙体进行工程地质调查、病害调查,然后结合调查结果进行理论分析与数值模拟来研究坍塌墙体震害机理。结果表明:此段长城墙体掏蚀病害发育,墙体构造裂缝暴露,尚无保护措施;坍塌墙体临近国道和便道,环境振动效应明显;墙体南北两侧风化差异性明显,北侧墙体含水率较高,夯土强度较低;墙体既有病害加剧了地震惯性力的影响,导致低烈度区长城墙体发生局部坍塌。此次地震对甘肃河西地区明长城遗址保护具有警示意义,研究结果为后期明长城抗震保护提供一定的科学依据。

甘肃山丹明代长城调查研究

山丹明长城是我国明代万里长城的重要组成部分,明时由山丹卫管辖,隶甘州卫,总属甘肃镇。山丹明长城整体位于县境北部,有南、北两道,均为东南至西北走向。构筑方式因地制宜,就地取材,类型有土墙、石墙、壕堑、山险墙、山险、水险等。屯兵堡寨、山关隘口、烽火线路、驿站古道等长城相关设施遍布全境。其丰富的类型,涵盖了明代军事防御体系的重要内容,是研究明代西北边塞政治、经济、军事、民族、工程技术、文化艺术和中西交通的珍贵实物资料,具有重要的历史和科学价值。山丹明长城的修筑,从明正统年间起,历时约130余年,大规模修筑主要在嘉靖、隆庆、万历年间。境内漫长的边墙隘道,坚实地守卫着甘肃镇驻地甘州卫的东大门,同时,对保障明代河西走廊驿路商道畅通、农业生产发展乃至西北地区的政治稳定,发挥了极其重大的作用,有重要历史意义。