China’s Regional and Global Policy Through the Shanghai Cooperation Organization

China,as a new global power,is expanding its influence across the globe and regions through various strategies and means,including regional and global organizations,in the post-Cold War era.As a result,since the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)was established in 2001,China,as one of its major founders,had attempted to use the SCO as a platform for influence beyond its borders.This paper aims to investigate China’s growing influence and diplomatic prowess through the SCO.

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization （SCO）： Prospects and Problems in Russia-China Relations

After the collapse of Soviet Union, both Russia and China started to normalize their bilateral relations. Russia lost her geopolitical sphere and China started to broaden his influence in Asian-Pacific and Central Asian regions. The function of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization （SCO） is changing from symbolic to more substantial cooperation. It seems to be that the SCO plays multiple roles in Russia-China relations both in anti-terrorism and in energy economy. This paper is devoted to exploring the functions of the SCO and to seeing the problems in furthering Russia-China relations

Interconnectivity in the Region of Eurasia:Mongolia’s Presence in the SCO(Shanghai Cooperation Organization)

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)was formed in 2001 after breakdown of the socialist system and the Soviet Union as a new form of cooperation between former socialist countries in Eurasian region.Mongolia joined the SCO in 2005 with an observer member status.Since 2007,Presidents of Mongolia began to participate every year to the Summit of the heads of SCO member states.By the initiative of Mongolian President,in 2014 the tripartite format of the meetings of the leaders of three countries:Russia,China,and Mongolia were established.In June 2016,during the third meeting of the leaders of Russia,China,and Mongolia in Tashkent(Uzbekistan),“The Russia-China-Mongolia Economic Corridor Program”document was signed.This program is aiming to develop the infrastructure of three countries,ensuring the competitiveness of products on the world market,and strengthening the Eurasian integration.The content of this program is combining the main ideas of Chinese“Belt-Road”megaproject,Russian initiative for developing of Eurasian economic integration and Mongolian“Steppe Road”project.The main goal of the“Steppe Road”initiative is to involve Mongolia to become the transit territory for transportation of natural gas,oil,and other products between Russia and China.In conclusion,the author gives some comments regarding the issue of full membership status of Mongolia to the international organization—SCO.

Research on the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity among the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation countries

The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation(SCO)is the most extensive and populous comprehensive regional cooperation organization in the world,covering about half of the world's population,with not only a huge consumer market,but also rich natural resources and strong productivity.As one of the important platforms for the implementation of the Green Belt and Road Initiative,it is an important opportunity for the SCO to actively participate in global governance and contribute to building a community of global life.To investigate the status of biodiversity conservation in the SCO countries,we used literature analysis approach.We surveyed the performance and international cooperation status of the SCO countries in the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD),listed facing problems and threats to biodiversity conservation,including not optimistic biodiversity conservation project implementation status,contradiction between ecological protection and economic development,impacts of human activities,lack of funds and talents,etc.,and analyzed the biodiversity protection needs of the SCO countries from the perspectives of project and policy implementation status and international cooperation.According to the cooperation between China and the other SCO countries on biodiversity conservation and the post-2020 global biodiversity framework goals,we gave some recommendations:(1)promoting access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing;(2)integrating multiple funds and innovating the implementation of funding mechanism;(3)developing talent training and exchange programs and deepening multilateral cooperation;(4)strengthening cross-border cooperation and improving cooperation network;and(5)establishing a coordination mechanism for biodiversity conservation within the framework of the SCO.

Deepening Economic Cooperation in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization:Opportunities,Barriers and Approaches

Over the past 17 years, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization has made significant progress in regional economic cooperation. The membership expansion has brought opportunities, but the internal and external negative factors that hinder in-depth development of economic cooperation still need to be properly addressed.

Maritime Security:A New Field of Cooperation for the Shanghai Cooperation Organization?

As an important force in global security governance, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization needs to continue tapping the potential and expand the space of cooperation following its admission of new members. Non-traditional maritime security is undoubtedly an important choice with both necessity and feasibility.

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Opportunities and Challenges

Founded on June 15,2001, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, a new-type regional cooperation

中国参与亚洲区域组织的实践:发展历程、经验教训与未来展望

中国参与亚洲区域组织实践的发展历程,可以分为参与学习期、主动有为期和积极影响期三个阶段。中国参与亚洲区域组织实践的成就主要体现在倡导成立了上海合作组织和亚洲基础设施投资银行、开创了区域治理的新模式、推动了区域合作格局的调整和促进区域合作,以及催生了新的国际机制等方面。中国参与亚洲区域组织实践的成功经验主要有:坚持开放的区域主义,坚持本国利益诉求与区域稳定发展相统一,谋求地区和平发展与参与全球治理有机结合。中国参与亚洲区域组织实践的教训主要包括:大国协调能力有待进一步加强、制度创设能力有限等。未来中国参与亚洲区域组织实践,应重点推动亚洲命运共同体的构建、进一步完善亚洲区域争端解决机制以及寻找多层次的亚洲区域治理方案等。

上合组织助推“全球南方”发展:动力、基础与路径

上合组织成员国均为“全球南方”成员,上合组织新一轮扩员将进一步提升其发展潜力和影响力,成为推动“全球南方”发展的重要力量。一方面,百年未有之大变局下,全球治理体系亟需变革、“全球南方”坚持谋求独立自主与发展振兴、上合组织扩员增强“全球南方”的合作信心等,赋予了上合组织促进“全球南方”发展的强大动力;另一方面,上合组织具有助推“全球南方”发展的物质基础、理念根基,能够为“全球南方”加强合作提供多重保障。为进一步释放上合组织推动“全球南方”发展的潜力,上合组织需着力解决异质性问题,进一步加强协作,提升组织凝聚力。未来上合组织可通过落实“三大全球倡议”,加强与“全球南方”国家的对话与合作,积极回应“全球南方”的共同关切,着力解决“全球南方”面临的发展与安全问题,推进“全球南方”文明交流互鉴。

贸易便利化、三元边际效应与中国农产品贸易出口的关系——基于上合组织成员国的实证分析

贸易便利化对于中国农产品贸易出口、深化与其他国家的贸易合作有着深刻的战略意义。文章在三元边际分解框架下,借助多重中介模型研究上合组织成员国贸易便利化对中国农产品出口的影响机制。实证结果表明:(1)上合组织成员国贸易便利化水平提高会促进中国农产品出口数量增长和种类多元化,进而扩大农产品出口规模;(2)基础设施、海关环境、规制环境、电子商务4个指标对中国农产品出口均有积极影响,其中电子商务的促进作用最强,同时四者对中国农产品出口三元边际的影响呈现差异性;(3)农产品异质性检验表明,上合组织成员国贸易便利化水平的提升对中国动物类产品的出口促进作用最大,其次是食品类产品,对植物类产品和油类产品出口无显著影响。鉴于此,提出了相应的建议。

上海合作组织(SCO)区域经济合作发展模式研究

上海合作组织的成立源于各成员国存在广泛的内在合作基础和经济全球化的推动。建立自由贸易区,既是着眼于各成员国的现状,又是充分考虑未来20年内各成员国的发展潜力、市场规模、技术水平等因素的合理选择,从长远来看,建立自由贸易区是上海合作组织区域经济合作的最终选择模式。但是,由于各种条件的限制,这一目标近期难以实现,因此,上海合作组织区域经济合作需要一个过渡性安排———贸易投资便利化,这是当前上海合作组织区域经济合作的主要任务,也是近期最现实的选择。贸易投资便利化的有效实施将直接关系到未来自由贸易区的建立。

金融改革对中国与上合组织其他成员国双边贸易的影响研究

基于利用熵权法构造的相对金融改革指数和2002—2022年中国与上海合作组织其他成员国双边贸易的面板数据,建立扩展的引力模型,实证分析了金融改革对中国与上海合作组织其他成员国双边贸易的影响。基准回归结果显示:金融改革会显著促进中国与上海合作组织其他成员国的进口贸易和出口贸易,相对金融改革指数每提升1%,中国对上海合作组织其他成员国的进口贸易额提升约0.672%,出口贸易额提升约0.576%。此外,中国相对上海合作组织其他成员国的贸易自由度越高,越有利于双方进出口贸易的发展,上海合作组织各成员国人均GDP的提升会促进中国对其他成员国的进口和出口。

上合组织全运会的构想与发展策略——以金砖国家运动会为参照

上合组织是我国开展多边合作框架的重要内容,各国家地区在人文领域的合作也在逐渐拓宽,体育作为人文领域的重要内容,对实现民心相通发挥着积极作用。金砖国家运动会是加强金砖国家交流合作的重要手段,将拓宽金砖国家各领域合作的广度和深度,金砖国家与上合组织在目标、宗旨和原则上多为相似,其成员国家、资源、规模等也具有一定的耦合性。因此,金砖国家运动会的开展为上合组织全运会提供了借鉴经验。通过对金砖国家及金砖国家运动会进行研究,并与上合组织及上合组织全运会进行对比,分析金砖国家运动会对上合组织全运会的借鉴作用,并探讨上合组织全运会的构想与发展策略。

上合组织框架下的重点区域交通互联互通发展研究

近年来,中国同中亚国家经贸合作日益加强。本文采用近十年世界银行、国际货币基金组织等发布的中亚五国公路、铁路总里程、GDP总量、人均GDP、人口规模等数据,详细匹配、统计和分析了中国与中亚五国交通互联互通发展现状、中亚五国对中国的交通互联互通需求以及推进中国与中亚五国交通互联互通的对策。研究表明:推进中亚五国与中国交通的互联互通发展,无论从制度建设还是功能合作上均可缓解中亚五国的区域封闭性和空间差异性,助力中国与中亚五国可持续交通发展。

日本推动“中亚+日本”合作机制的发展脉络及趋势

“中亚+日本”合作机制,是域外国家与中亚五国建立的第一个“C5+1”合作框架。历经制度化建设、低潮、稳定发展和调整转型四个时期。战略关注度与大国竞争烈度是日本塑造该机制的两个重要因素。当前日本对中亚地区的战略关注度呈上升趋势,试图通过提升外交对话级别、完善制度设计、扩大合作议题等推动该机制发展,谋求在地区事务中发挥对华制衡等作用。日本推动“中亚+日本”合作机制发展,将助推域外大国在中亚地区的竞争态势,对上海合作组织及中国—中亚机制建设产生一定影响。

上海合作组织安全共同体的构建:成效、挑战与应对

构建上海合作组织安全共同体是构建上海合作组织命运共同体的前提,它的提出标志着安全共同体的概念将首次应用于欧亚地区安全合作的实践中。上海合作组织安全共同体的构建遵循“信而不同”的模式,成员国相互信任的制度化使上海合作组织安全共同体的构建取得初步成效。然而,扩员后新老成员国悬而未决的争端以及成员国对上海合作组织的复杂认知,使上海合作组织安全共同体难以维持制度化的相互信任,上海合作组织安全共同体的构建面临挑战。为应对上述挑战,上海合作组织可以建立争端调解机制,避免争端“冲突化”,使相互信任可持续;深化经济合作,为相互信任赋能;在充分尊重各国主权和独特性的同时,通过人文交流使彼此间的信任内化,促进各国对“上海精神”和“新五观”的认同,进而推动上海合作组织安全共同体的构建走向成熟,并为全球安全共同体的构建提供“上合经验”。