The mosaic structure of landscape of the central area of Shanghai Metropolis is studied by quantitative methods of landscape ecology based on Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) in this paper. ...The mosaic structure of landscape of the central area of Shanghai Metropolis is studied by quantitative methods of landscape ecology based on Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) in this paper. Firstly, landscapes are classified into eight categories: residential quarter, industrial quarter, road, other urban landscape, farmland, village and small town, on-building area, river and other water bodies (such as lake, etc.). Secondly, a GIS is designed and set up based on the remote sensing data and field investigation, and a digital map of landscape mosaic is made. Then the indexes of diversity, dominance, fragmentation and isolation, and fractal dimension of each type of landscape in different periods are calculated by using spatial analysis method of GIS. With reference to the calculated results, a series of relative issues are discussed.展开更多
Catchments health assessment is fundamental to effective catchments management. Generally, an as-sessment method should be selected to reflect both the purpose of assessment and local characteristics. A trial in Shang...Catchments health assessment is fundamental to effective catchments management. Generally, an as-sessment method should be selected to reflect both the purpose of assessment and local characteristics. A trial in Shanghai was conducted to test the method for catchments health assessment in urbanized river network area. Seven indicators that described four dimensions of river, river network, land use and function, and local feature were used to assess catchments values; while possible change rate of urbanization and industrialization in the next 3 years were chosen for catchments pressure assessment in the value-pressure model. Factors related to catchments classi-fication, indicators measurement and protection priority have been considered in the development strategies for catchments health management. The results showed that value-pressure assessment was applicable in urbanized catchments health management, particularly when both human and catchments had multiple demands. As a result of over 30-year rapid urbanization, more than 70% of Shanghai river network area was still in a healthy condition with high catchments values, among them, 39.3% was under high pressure. Poor water quality, simplified river system and weakened local feature of river pattern had largely affected catchments health in Shanghai. Lack of long-term monitoring data would seriously restrict the development and validity of catchments health assessment.展开更多
背景结直肠癌已成为上海市嘉定区发病率排名第三的恶性肿瘤,其疾病负担仍在加重。目的分析2003—2019年上海市嘉定区结直肠癌流行趋势,为结直肠癌防治提供科学依据。方法基于2003—2019年上海市嘉定区肿瘤登记资料,计算粗发病率、粗死...背景结直肠癌已成为上海市嘉定区发病率排名第三的恶性肿瘤,其疾病负担仍在加重。目的分析2003—2019年上海市嘉定区结直肠癌流行趋势,为结直肠癌防治提供科学依据。方法基于2003—2019年上海市嘉定区肿瘤登记资料,计算粗发病率、粗死亡率、标化发病率、标化死亡率等统计指标(以2010年中国标准人口构成进行标化调整),利用Joinpoint Regression Program 4.9.1.0软件分析发病率和死亡率的变化趋势。结果2003—2019年上海市嘉定区结直肠癌新发病例5020例,粗发病率52.12/10万,标化发病率26.27/10万,死亡病例2419例,粗死亡率25.12/10万,标化死亡率11.16/10万,男性的粗发病率和粗死亡率均高于女性(P<0.05);总人群标化发病率总体呈现上升趋势(APC=2.63%,P<0.05),其中男性标化发病率呈上升趋势(APC=3.48%,P<0.05),女性标化发病率无明显变化趋势(APC=1.39%,P=0.119),均未发现转折点;总人群标化死亡率无明显变化趋势(APC=-0.49%,P=0.250),其中男性标化死亡率无明显变化趋势(APC=0.34%,P=0.545),女性标化死亡率呈现下降趋势(APC=-1.94%,P<0.05)。结论2003—2019年上海市嘉定区结直肠癌总体发病率总体仍有上升,其中男性呈上升趋势,女性无明显变化趋势;总体死亡率无明显变化趋势,其中男性无明显变化,女性呈下降趋势,应继续加强结直肠癌的防控工作,重点关注男性人群。展开更多
Based on the basic trade gravity model and Xinjiang's practical situation, new explanatory variables (GDP, GDPpc and SCO) are introduced to build an extended trade gravity model fitting for Xinjiang's bilatera...Based on the basic trade gravity model and Xinjiang's practical situation, new explanatory variables (GDP, GDPpc and SCO) are introduced to build an extended trade gravity model fitting for Xinjiang's bilateral trade. From the empirical analysis of this model, it is proposed that those three variables affect the Xinjiang's bilateral trade posi- tively. Whereas, geographic distance is found to be a significant factor influencing Xinjiang’s bilateral trade negatively. Then, by the extended trade gravity model, this article analyzes the present trade situation between Xinjiang and its main trade partners quantitatively in 2004. The results indicate that Xinjiang cooperates with its most trade partners successfully in terms of present economic scale and developing level. Xinjiang has established successfully trade part- nership with Central Asia, Central Europe and Eastern Europe, Western Europe, East Asia and South Asia. However, the foreign trade development with West Asia is much slower. Finally, some suggestions on developing Xinjiang's for- eign trade are put forward.展开更多
This paper explores the potential to improve the impervious surface estimation accuracy using a multi-stage approach on the basis of vegetation-impervious surface-soil (V-I-S) model. In the first stage of Spectral Mix...This paper explores the potential to improve the impervious surface estimation accuracy using a multi-stage approach on the basis of vegetation-impervious surface-soil (V-I-S) model. In the first stage of Spectral Mixture Analysis (SMA) process, pixel purity index, a quantitative index for defining endmember quality, and a 3-dimensional endmember selection method were applied to refining endmembers. In the second stage, instead of obtaining impervious surface fraction by adding high and low albedo fractions directly, a linear regression model was built between impervious surface and high/low albedo using a random sampling method. The urban impervious surface distribution in the urban central area of Shanghai was predicted by the linear regression model. Estimation accuracy of spectral mixture analysis and impervious surface fraction were assessed using root mean square (RMS) and color aerial photography respectively. In comparison with three different research methods, this improved estimation method has a higher overall accuracy than traditional Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis (LSMA) method and the normalized SMA model both in root mean square error (RMSE) and standard error (SE). However, the model has a tendency to overestimate the impervious surface distribution.展开更多
文摘The mosaic structure of landscape of the central area of Shanghai Metropolis is studied by quantitative methods of landscape ecology based on Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) in this paper. Firstly, landscapes are classified into eight categories: residential quarter, industrial quarter, road, other urban landscape, farmland, village and small town, on-building area, river and other water bodies (such as lake, etc.). Secondly, a GIS is designed and set up based on the remote sensing data and field investigation, and a digital map of landscape mosaic is made. Then the indexes of diversity, dominance, fragmentation and isolation, and fractal dimension of each type of landscape in different periods are calculated by using spatial analysis method of GIS. With reference to the calculated results, a series of relative issues are discussed.
基金Under the auspices of Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (No. 09ZR1409100)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40871016)Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40730526)
文摘Catchments health assessment is fundamental to effective catchments management. Generally, an as-sessment method should be selected to reflect both the purpose of assessment and local characteristics. A trial in Shanghai was conducted to test the method for catchments health assessment in urbanized river network area. Seven indicators that described four dimensions of river, river network, land use and function, and local feature were used to assess catchments values; while possible change rate of urbanization and industrialization in the next 3 years were chosen for catchments pressure assessment in the value-pressure model. Factors related to catchments classi-fication, indicators measurement and protection priority have been considered in the development strategies for catchments health management. The results showed that value-pressure assessment was applicable in urbanized catchments health management, particularly when both human and catchments had multiple demands. As a result of over 30-year rapid urbanization, more than 70% of Shanghai river network area was still in a healthy condition with high catchments values, among them, 39.3% was under high pressure. Poor water quality, simplified river system and weakened local feature of river pattern had largely affected catchments health in Shanghai. Lack of long-term monitoring data would seriously restrict the development and validity of catchments health assessment.
文摘背景结直肠癌已成为上海市嘉定区发病率排名第三的恶性肿瘤,其疾病负担仍在加重。目的分析2003—2019年上海市嘉定区结直肠癌流行趋势,为结直肠癌防治提供科学依据。方法基于2003—2019年上海市嘉定区肿瘤登记资料,计算粗发病率、粗死亡率、标化发病率、标化死亡率等统计指标(以2010年中国标准人口构成进行标化调整),利用Joinpoint Regression Program 4.9.1.0软件分析发病率和死亡率的变化趋势。结果2003—2019年上海市嘉定区结直肠癌新发病例5020例,粗发病率52.12/10万,标化发病率26.27/10万,死亡病例2419例,粗死亡率25.12/10万,标化死亡率11.16/10万,男性的粗发病率和粗死亡率均高于女性(P<0.05);总人群标化发病率总体呈现上升趋势(APC=2.63%,P<0.05),其中男性标化发病率呈上升趋势(APC=3.48%,P<0.05),女性标化发病率无明显变化趋势(APC=1.39%,P=0.119),均未发现转折点;总人群标化死亡率无明显变化趋势(APC=-0.49%,P=0.250),其中男性标化死亡率无明显变化趋势(APC=0.34%,P=0.545),女性标化死亡率呈现下降趋势(APC=-1.94%,P<0.05)。结论2003—2019年上海市嘉定区结直肠癌总体发病率总体仍有上升,其中男性呈上升趋势,女性无明显变化趋势;总体死亡率无明显变化趋势,其中男性无明显变化,女性呈下降趋势,应继续加强结直肠癌的防控工作,重点关注男性人群。
基金Under the auspices of Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCS-SW-355)
文摘Based on the basic trade gravity model and Xinjiang's practical situation, new explanatory variables (GDP, GDPpc and SCO) are introduced to build an extended trade gravity model fitting for Xinjiang's bilateral trade. From the empirical analysis of this model, it is proposed that those three variables affect the Xinjiang's bilateral trade posi- tively. Whereas, geographic distance is found to be a significant factor influencing Xinjiang’s bilateral trade negatively. Then, by the extended trade gravity model, this article analyzes the present trade situation between Xinjiang and its main trade partners quantitatively in 2004. The results indicate that Xinjiang cooperates with its most trade partners successfully in terms of present economic scale and developing level. Xinjiang has established successfully trade part- nership with Central Asia, Central Europe and Eastern Europe, Western Europe, East Asia and South Asia. However, the foreign trade development with West Asia is much slower. Finally, some suggestions on developing Xinjiang's for- eign trade are put forward.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40701177)
文摘This paper explores the potential to improve the impervious surface estimation accuracy using a multi-stage approach on the basis of vegetation-impervious surface-soil (V-I-S) model. In the first stage of Spectral Mixture Analysis (SMA) process, pixel purity index, a quantitative index for defining endmember quality, and a 3-dimensional endmember selection method were applied to refining endmembers. In the second stage, instead of obtaining impervious surface fraction by adding high and low albedo fractions directly, a linear regression model was built between impervious surface and high/low albedo using a random sampling method. The urban impervious surface distribution in the urban central area of Shanghai was predicted by the linear regression model. Estimation accuracy of spectral mixture analysis and impervious surface fraction were assessed using root mean square (RMS) and color aerial photography respectively. In comparison with three different research methods, this improved estimation method has a higher overall accuracy than traditional Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis (LSMA) method and the normalized SMA model both in root mean square error (RMSE) and standard error (SE). However, the model has a tendency to overestimate the impervious surface distribution.
