Characteristics of Hypertension Death in Low-income Regions of Inner Mongolia, China

Hypertension has been a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease[1].Hypertension overall prevalence in adults is 30%–45%,becoming>60%in people aged above 60 years[2],with a worldwide agestandardised prevalence of 20 and 24%in women and men,respectively[3].

Does empowering women benefit poverty reduction?Evidence from a multi-component program in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China

Ending poverty is a top priority of the international development agenda,and governments worldwide have attached great importance to poverty alleviation measures.However,poverty reduction policies have mostly focused on men,which has widened the gap in productivity and income between men and women and increased gender inequality.This paper aims to determine the impacts of a multi-component program on women's empowerment and poverty reduction,and explore the role empowered women play in poverty reduction.The dataset used in this study was collected in nine poor counties of Ulanqab City in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China at the end of 2014,yielding a sample of 900 households.Recall questions were used to reconstruct the baseline data and build a panel dataset.Smaller groups of rural households were further identified to better target the women in the beneficiary group.To control the selection bias,propensity score matching,inverse probability weighting,and the difference-in-differences matching method were used to analyze the effect of the program and undertake robust checks.The results show that the program has positive effects on women's empowerment and poverty reduction simultaneously.Empowering women also has positive effects on poverty reduction,and the women who were the beneficiaries have contributed to increasing the incomes and living standards of households.Training,microfinance,and associations are common means or strategies to empower women to address poverty.This paper provides new empirical evidence that women can benefit from a gender-focus program through portfolio intervention such as training,cooperatives,and credit.Empowered women further improve the livelihoods of poor households and help lift them out of poverty.The results suggest that researchers and policymakers need to pay more attention to poverty issues from the perspective of gender.

Climate-Driven Changes in Lake Areas for the Last Half Century in the Valley of Lakes, Govi Region, Southern Mongolia

This study presents the changes in lake areas in the Valley of Lakes, the Govi region, southern Mongolia. The recent changes in lake areas show decreases depending on vulnerability of lake basins and response of Govi landscape to the present climatic warming. During the recent 44 - 45 years (from 1970 to 2014 or 2015), modern lakes have encountered the present rapid increase in temperature, water evaporation and drying up that induced the reduction in lake areas in the Valley of Lakes. The finding of the reduction in lake areas is consistent with the trends on increasing in temperature since 1995 and fluctuating precipitation since 1975. Investigations with detailed chronology of lake sediment are needed from the lakes to review a more complete evolution of lake basins during the Late Quaternary paleoclimatic history in Mongolia and Central Asia.

First record of Early Cretaceous pterosaur from the Ordos Region, Inner Mongolia,China

A new dsungaripterid pterosaur,Ordosipterus planignathus gen.et sp.nov.,is established on the incomplete articulated lower jaws from the Lower Cretaceous Luohandong Formation in Otog Qi,Ordos Region,Inner Mongolia,China.It differs from other dsungaripterids mainly by having broad and low dentary at and just behind the mandibular symphysis,flat dentary dorsal plane forming the distinct lateral ridge with the curved dentary lateral side,and lower alveoli arranged along the dentary dorsolateral margin with wide spacing that increases from rostral to caudal.It represents the first diagnostic pterosaur from the Ordos Region in Inner Mongolia,and further enlarges the geographical distribution of the family Dsungaripteridae from northwestern China(together with western Mongolia)to central North China.

Molecular Biomarker Characteristics of the Linxi Formation Source Rocks in the Middle-Western Region of Inner Mongolia:New evidence for late-stage tectonic evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean

Objective Two important geological issues have long been controversial in the Xing-Meng area of North China. The first concerns the final closure of Paleo-Asian Ocean in Xing-Meng area, and the other concerns the folding and lifting of the Xing-Meng Trough. The focus of thses issues is the Late Permian sedimentary environment, which is generally considered to be either an exclusively continental environment or from the closed inland sea environment in the Early to Middle stage to continental lacustrine environment in the late stage. In recent years, we have successively discovered abundant typical marine fossils （e.g., bryozoans and calcareous algae） in the Upper Permian thick limestone layer from Linxi County and Ar Horqin Banner in eastern region of Inner Mongolia and Jiutain County in Jilin Province. These significant findings have attracted the attention from fellow academics.

Income and Expenditure of the Herdsman in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region: A Case Study of Xianghuang Banner in Xilin Gol League

Based on the household survey data concerning herdsmen's families in Xianghuang Banner, Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia, we analyze the income and consumption structure of herdsmen's families in the western regions during the period 2008-2009. The results show that the herdsman's source of income is single, mainly focusing on livestock sale, with poor ability to resist risks; the share of purchase expenses of forage in the consumer spending is the greatest, growing rapidly, followed by spending on food, education and health care; there are many policy subsidies for housing. The characteristics of herdsman's income and consumption are jointly determined by natural factors, market factors, policy factors and personal factors. Based on this, corresponding recommendations are put forth in order to increase herdsman's income and improve the consumption structure: the herdsman should strengthen breeding techniques to improve scientific breeding and increase income, change consumer attitudes, save moderately, and strengthen ability to resist risks; the government should increase the policy subsidies for pastoral areas, strengthen education, training, health care for herdsman, and promote herdsman's quality.

Further development and sustainable utilization mode of grassland tourism resources： a ease study of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China

Tourism resources are important foundation for the development of tourism industry. Grassland is not only a kind of important resource but also a great attraction to visitors. Therefore, the integrated development and sustainable utilization of grassland tourism resources are of great significance. This paper, based on the analysis of literatures and the current problems existing in grassland tourism, summarizes the speciality of grassland tourism development, deals with the problem of speciality, and raises the modes of regional development, product development and management. This paper takes Inner Mongolia, the famous grassland tourism destination as example and carries out empirical research. Based on the status quo of grassland tourism resources in Inner Mongolia, this study analyzes the character- istics of grassland tourism resources, the necessity and feasibility of integrated development, then proposes the following suggestions: idea for development, mode of development, regional cooperation, tourism products development, espe- cially the three modes of development based on the resources conditions - the mode of relying on market, the mode of combination aggregation and the mode of relying on quality.

Study on the Moment Magnitude of Small and Moderate Earthquakes Located in the Inner Mongolia Region

Based on digital seismic waveform data from Inner Mongolia Digital Seismic Network,the source spectrum parameters of 182 small and moderate earthquakes from January,2009to September,2016 are derived,and the seismic momentmoment magnitude MW of the earthquakes are calculated.Theand the relationship between stress drop and magnitude are obtained using the linear regression method.It is clear that incorporating the moment magnitude into the seismic quick report catalog and the official earthquake catalog can enrich earthquake observation report content,thus providing better service for earthquake emergency and earthquake scientific research.

PECULIARITIES OF METALLOGENY OF SOUTH SIBERIA AND WEST MONGOLIA DIWA REGIONS

There are three diwa regions in South Siberia and West Mongolia. One of them is arranged in West Transbaikalia and was formed from Devonian till Carboniferous periods. Numerous deposits of tungsten , tin, molybdenum, REE, synnyrites, urtites are genetically linked with intrusive rocks. The next diwa region is arranged in North Mongolia and South Buryatia. This diwa region was formed in the Late Paleozoic time. The deposits of molybdenum, tungsten, boron, iron, copper, beryllium are genetically linked with magmatic rocks of this region. The third region was formed in Devonian in West Mongollia. The magmatic rocks of this region are represented by alkaline granitoids. Some deposits of REE and rare metals are linked with these rocks.

Thermokarst Lake Changes in the Southern Fringe of Siberian Permafrost Region in Mongolia Using Corona, Landsat, and ALOS Satellite Imagery from 1962 to 2007

This study presents thermokarst lake changes at seven different sites in the continuous and isolated permafrost zones in Mongolia. Lakes larger than 0.1 ha were analyzed using Corona KH-4, KH-4A and KH-4B (1962-1968), Landsat ETM + (1999-2001), and ALOS/AVNIR-2 (2006-2007) satellite imagery. Between 1962 and 2007, the total number and area of lakes increased by +21% (347 to 420), and +7% (3680 ha to 3936 ha) in the continuous permafrost zone, respectively. These changes correspond to the appearance of 85 new lakes (166 ha) during the last 45 years. In contrast, lakes in the isolated permafrost zone have decreased by –42% (118 to 68) in number and –12% (422 ha to 371 ha) in area from 1962 to 2007. The changes in lake area and number are likely attributed to shifts in climate regimes and local permafrost conditions. Since 1962, the mean annual air temperature and potential evapotranspiration have increased significantly in the northern continuous permafrost zone compared to the southern isolated permafrost zone. Due to ongoing atmospheric warming without any significant trend in annual precipitation, patches of ice-rich subsurface have thawed, and the number and area of lakes have accordingly developed in the continuous permafrost zone. Shrinking of thermokarst lakes in the isolated permafrost zone may be due to disappearing permafrost, deepening of the active layer, and increased water loss through surface evaporation and subsurface drainage.

Impacts of Sand and Dust Storms on Regional Economy Based on Stochastic CGE Model : A Case Study in Inner Mongolia, China

[Objectives]The paper was to study the impacts of sand and dust storms(SDS)on regional economy.[Methods]In this paper,we combined the computable general equilibrium(CGE)model and the Monte Carlo method to examine the impact of SDS on the regional economy,with a focus on GDP,price index,employment rate,industrial structure and output,income and expenditure.We extended the standard CGE model,introduced the stochastic parameters into the production module,which had significant impact on economic output,and inserted the rate of change of the total labor supply and the expenditure share of early warning and protective measures into the income and expenditure module.[Results]SDS had significant impacts on regional GDP,employment rate,and industrial output from a macro perspective,and can reduce the income of residents and enterprises and increase expenditures from a micro perspective.The impact can be reduced by taking early warning and protective measures.[Conclusions]The protective measures taken for different grades of SDS have different effects.

Behavior Analysis of Self-Driving Tourists Based on Content Analysis of Network Travel Notes: A Case Study of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Self-driving tour is one of the most important ways for people to travel, and network travel notes actually reflect the traveling information of self-driving tourists. In this paper, with the network travel notes of self-driving tourists as the research object, methods such as text analysis and visualization were adopted to study behavior patterns of self-driving tourists, tourism experience,time-space migration, and distribution of tourism resources in Inner Mongolia, from the multiple dimensions of mobile drivers,perceived dimensions, and spatial migration. The results showed that: ① self-driving tourists had a variety of motivations for traveling, in which love for nature dominated; ② self-driving tour destinations were mainly Hulunbuir,Ordos,and Alxa League;③ spatial migration was characterized by obvious seasonal fluctuations. The research on the behavior of self-driving tourists in Inner Mongolia is an important part for the study of the connection between tourism resources and market connection in Inner Mongolia, and is of significance for guiding the theory, practice and policy formulation of self-driving tours in Inner Mongolia.

Features of the M7.9 Earthquake in the Russia-Mongolia-China Boundary Region

At 19:33 p.m on September 27, 2003, an earthquake with M7.9 occurred in the Russia-Mongolia-China boundary Region. It was strongly felt in the Altay region of Xinjiang. The losses caused by the earthquake was 76 million yuan (RMB). Some information about the earthquake was outlined, including basic parameters, focal mechanism, evaluation of earthquake disaster losses and so on. The satellite remote sensing information worked initial analysis for deformation of ground and failure phenomenon.

不同草原防火政策下内蒙古草原火灾发生风险及其驱动因素的研究

草原火灾是草原生态系统中重要的干扰因子之一,不同时期的草原防火政策可能会导致草原火灾发生概率及驱动因素发生变化。本研究基于内蒙古1981~2020年草原火灾数据,以新旧《草原防火条例》实施时间(旧《草原防火条例》1993年10月5日颁布并实施,新《草原防火条例》2008年11月19日颁布并于2009年1月1日起实施)为界线,通过随机森林模型分4个时期(1981~2020年、1981~1993年、1994~2008年、2009~2020年)对内蒙古草原火灾发生概率与驱动因素进行比较与分析,并绘制草原火灾风险等级区划图。结果表明:(1)4个时期建模的全样本AUC在0.930~0.940之间,精度优异。(2)在不同时期,气象因素(日平均相对湿度、气温日较差等)始终是影响草原火灾的主导因素,海拔、距火点最近公路距离等因素也是内蒙古草原火灾发生的重要驱动因素;(3)1981~1993年和1981~2020年草原火灾风险区基本相似,中、高、极高草原火灾风险区主要集中在呼伦贝尔市大部分地区和兴安盟北部,1994~2008年中、高、极高草原火灾风险区主要集中在呼伦贝尔市,而2009~2020年中、高、极高草原火灾风险区主要集中在呼伦贝尔市西部、锡林郭勒盟北部、阿拉善盟东南部、乌海市和鄂尔多斯市东部。

内蒙古自治区就业质量有效性评估指标体系设计及运用

就业率和失业率一直都是研究就业的主要内容,它们可以作为研究就业现状的指标,但更应该关注就业质量问题。新常态下,供给侧结构性改革引发了劳动力供需不匹配、结构性就业矛盾等问题,即劳动力供需不匹配与就业质量水平较低。在此背景下,内蒙古自治区提升就业质量的重要性日益凸显。

蒙陕接壤区煤层顶板涌水水源智能判别方法

蒙陕接壤区煤炭高强度开采诱发的煤层顶板水害问题日益凸显,高效智能地判别煤层顶板涌水水源是顶板水害防治的关键。以蒙陕接壤区3个典型矿井为研究对象,将无机指标K^(+)+Na^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、Cl^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)、HCO_(3)^(-)、TDS和有机指标UV_(254)、TOC、溶解性有机质(DOM)的荧光光谱作为判别指标,利用主成分分析法(PCA)对80组地下水水样数据进行主成分提取,提出一种人工鱼群算法(AFSA)改进随机森林(RF)的PCA-AFSA-RF顶板涌水水源智能判别方法。首先,建立PCA-RF判别模型,其准确率(A_(c))、精确率(P_(r))、召回率(R_(c))和F-measure指数(f_(1))分别达到了83.00%、83.17%、80.42%和79.57%;其次,通过AFSA对PCA-RF判别模型中决策树数目、树深和内部节点分裂所需的最小样本数进行寻优,在AFSA中引入遗传机制以避免陷入局部最优,建立基于PCA-AFSA-RF的煤层顶板涌水水源智能判别模型,该模型A_(c)、P_(r)、R_(c)、f_(1)分别达到92.18%、91.11%、87.58%和88.82%,较PCA-RF分别提高9.18%、7.94%、7.16%和9.25%,回代准确率达到97.50%;最后,利用该模型对12个矿井水水样进行判别,结果与现场实际相一致,表明AFSA改进后的PCA-RF模型具有更好的准确性和泛化能力。研究结果可为煤层顶板涌水水源的准确判别提供新方法。

内蒙古自治区医疗卫生资源公平性研究

医疗卫生资源的优化配置是涉及民生的重要问题,作为卫生服务的重要基础,不仅影响卫生服务的质量,而且影响人民群众的健康水平。内蒙古自治区地形复杂多样,各盟市的经济发展水平也存在差异,医疗卫生资源配置出现了不同的层次。根据地理位置,将内蒙古自治区各盟市分为内蒙古东部地区、内蒙古中部地区、内蒙古西部地区,选取内蒙古自治区医疗卫生人力资源和物力资源方面的指标,利用泰尔指数(Theil Index)实证分析2012年至2021年内蒙古自治区的医疗卫生人力资源和物力资源配置。结果显示,内蒙古东部地区、内蒙古中部地区、内蒙古西部地区医疗卫生人力资源和物力资源的泰尔指数虽然呈现下降趋势,但是地区之间的医疗卫生资源配置仍然存在不公平现象。基于此,提出持续优化医疗卫生资源区域布局、做好中蒙医药资源的开发和利用、推进人才队伍建设等建议。

黄河文化在内蒙古地区的当代价值

黄河文化在内蒙古地区的当代价值是多方面的,它既承载着历史记忆和文化认同,又为当地的经济、社会和生态发展提供了新的动力。当代,内蒙古地区在发扬黄河文化方面做出了积极的贡献,通过科学谋划、加强文化的保护和研究、强化黄河文化展示利用工作以及打造文化旅游品牌等多种方式,不断推进黄河文化的传承和弘扬。未来黄河文化在内蒙古的发展趋势体现在社会普及、创新发展、数字化发展、绿色转型、国际化合作与交流、文旅融合六个方面。这些趋势将有助于深入挖掘和传承黄河文化的当代价值,推动其在国际上的知名度与影响力。

中亚造山带南蒙古地区石炭纪--二叠纪岩浆活动及其构造意义

中亚造山带作为显生宙以来全球最大的增生型造山带,记录了古亚洲洋俯冲、增生、闭合的全过程。南蒙古地区位于中亚造山带南缘中段,其晚古生代先后发育弧岩浆活动以及与伸展活动相关的岩石组合,是研究陆壳增生和改造的热点区域。笔者结合区域地质特征及前人研究对南蒙古地区石炭纪--二叠纪这一关键时期的岩石组合做出系统梳理和总结,研究区石炭纪--二叠纪岩浆活动大致可以分为早石炭世(350~325 Ma),晚石炭世(320~305 Ma)和早二叠世(300~280Ma)3个阶段。早石炭世(350~325Ma)发育典型的弧岩浆岩且具有向南变年轻的趋势。此外,全岩Nd和锆石Hf同位素显示其主体具有显著的地幔贡献。综合前人认识,笔者认为这是古亚洲洋主洋盆以北多个次生的弧后洋盆俯冲后撤的结果。晚石炭世(320~305Ma)以高硅花岗岩为主,尤其315~310Ma的碱长花岗岩、碱长正长岩等是年轻弧地体重熔的产物,是俯冲大洋板片显著消耗的结束。早二叠世(300~280Ma)发育伸展相关的岩石组合(如A型花岗岩、双峰式火山岩和基性岩墙),这些岩浆活动显示高温特征,且具有显著的地幔物质贡献。结合前人工作,特别是笔者的前期工作,上述岩浆活动是由石炭纪板片后撤之后高角度俯冲诱发的俯冲板片断离所造成,且前人研究成果表明南蒙古东西两侧均有类似的岩石、构造和沉积记录。因此,笔者提出,古亚洲洋主洋盆泥盆纪--二叠纪多期次的俯冲后撤导致了其北侧一系列次生的弧后洋盆的开启、俯冲至闭合,上述过程伴随了中亚造山带南缘最后一次大规模侧向增生及其结束后板片断离诱发的垂向地壳增生。