Satellite remote sensing for urban growth assessment in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province

Urban growth represents specific response to economic, demographic and environmental conditions. Rapid urbanization and industrializations have resulted in sharp land cover changes. The present investigation was carried out from Shaoxing City to quantify satellite-derived estimates of urban growth using a three-epoch time series Landsat TM data for the years 1984, 1997 and ETM 2000. The methodology used was based on post classification comparison. The use of GIS allowed spatial analysis of the data derived from remotely sensed images. Results showed that the built-up area surrounding Shaoxing City has expanded at an annual average of 7 km2. Analysis of the classified map showed that the physical growth of urban area is upsetting the other land cover classes such as farming, water resources, etc. The study conclusion mainly emphasized the need for sustainable urban capacity.

传粉及授粉方式对薄壳山核桃“Shaoxing”结实的影响

为探讨传粉媒介及不同授粉处理对薄壳山核桃结实情况的影响,以广西环江县岩溶山区引种的薄壳山核桃品种"Shaoxing"为研究对象,在"Shaoxing"盛花期对雄花进行不同方位采样,对风媒、虫媒两种传粉方式进行观察,并对雌花进行不同授粉处理。结果表明,"Shaoxing"在广西环江县岩溶山区传粉媒介以风媒传粉为主,传粉效率受雄花散粉时期、温度和风向等影响;散粉期有黑带食蚜蝇、中华蜜蜂、黄守瓜、黑胸兼食瓢虫等昆虫访花,对"Shaoxing"传粉具有辅助作用。除套袋处理组外,不同授粉处理的雌花柱头上的花粉萌发和花粉管生长情况基本相同,不同授粉处理均存在花粉管能穿过花柱但不能到达胚囊完成受精的情况而影响着果。不同授粉处理中自然授粉处理组的着果率和结实率均为最高,分别达62.5%和35%,表明人工辅助授粉对"Shaoxing"着果和结实无促进作用,其中套袋处理的结实率为2.06%,说明其可能存在无融合生殖现象。各授粉处理的结实率远远低于着果率,着果后仍存在较高的落果率,其中人工自花授粉着果后落果率最高,为53.61%,自然授粉落果率最低,为27.5%。