Driving Behavior Shaping Model in Road Traffic System

In order to give a new way for modeling driving behavior, identifying road traffic accident causation and solving a variety of road traffic safety problems such as driving errors prevention and driving behavior analysis, a new driving behavior shaping model is proposed, which could be used to assess the degree of effect of driving error upon road traffic safety. Driver behavior shaping model based on driving reliability and safety analysis could be used to identify the road traffic accident causation, to supply data for driver's behavior training, to evaluate driving procedures, to human factor design of road traffic system.

A Satellite Communication System Transmission Scheme Based on Probabilistic Shaping

In this paper, A transmission scheme based on probabilistic shaping applied to satellite communication systems is proposed. 16QAM is taken as an example to establish a 1GBaud ROF experimental system working in Ka-band. The experiment results show that the PS-16QAM signal has better performance in terms of bit error rate than the uniform 16QAM, and its performance is close to the uniform 8QAM scheme.

One-time Shaping Technological System of Lightweight Roof Greening

Lightweight roof greening is an important way for improving urban ecological environment and has good ecological and social benefits, but the investment is- too-high for the investors. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the system of lightweight roof greening. This study introduced a lightweight roof greening mode with low cost, simple construction, rapid formation, good economic benefit and convenient curing.

Integrated high-performance and accurate shaping technology of low-cost powder metallurgy titanium alloys: A comprehensive review

The practical engineering applications of powder metallurgy (PM) Ti alloys produced through cold compaction and pressure-less sintering are impeded by poor sintering densification, embrittlement caused by excessive O impurities, and severe sintering deforma-tion resulting from the use of heterogeneous powder mixtures. This review presents a summary of our previous work on addressing the above challenges. Initially, we proposed a novel strategy using reaction-induced liquid phases to enhance sintering densification. Near- complete density (relative density exceeding 99%) was achieved by applying the above strategy and newly developed sintering aids. By focusing on the O-induced embrittlement issue, we determined the onset dissolution temperature of oxide films in the Ti matrix. On the basis of this finding, we established a design criterion for effective O scavengers that require reaction with oxide films before their dissol-ution. Consequently, a ductile PM Ti alloy was successfully obtained by introducing 0.3wt% NdB6 as the O scavenger. Lastly, a powder- coating strategy was adopted to address the sintering deformation issue. The ultrafine size and shell-like distribution characteristics of coating particles ensured rapid dissolution and homogeneity in the Ti matrix, thereby facilitating linear shrinkage during sintering. As a result, geometrically complex Ti alloy parts with high dimensional accuracy were fabricated by using the coated powder. Our fundament-al findings and related technical achievements enabled the development of an integrated production technology for the high-performance and accurate shaping of low-cost PM Ti alloys. Additionally, the primary engineering applications and progress in the industrialization practice of our developed technology are introduced in this review.

Assessment of Dependent Performance Shaping Factors in SPAR-H Based on Pearson Correlation Coefficient

With the improvement of equipment reliability,human factors have become the most uncertain part in the system.The standardized Plant Analysis of Risk-Human Reliability Analysis(SPAR-H)method is a reliable method in the field of human reliability analysis(HRA)to evaluate human reliability and assess risk in large complex systems.However,the classical SPAR-H method does not consider the dependencies among performance shaping factors(PSFs),whichmay cause overestimation or underestimation of the risk of the actual situation.To address this issue,this paper proposes a new method to deal with the dependencies among PSFs in SPAR-H based on the Pearson correlation coefficient.First,the dependence between every two PSFs is measured by the Pearson correlation coefficient.Second,the weights of the PSFs are obtained by considering the total dependence degree.Finally,PSFs’multipliers are modified based on the weights of corresponding PSFs,and then used in the calculating of human error probability(HEP).A case study is used to illustrate the procedure and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Nonbinary ldpc-coded probabilistic shaping scheme for MIMO systems based on signal space diversity

This paper first describes a binary Low-Density Parity-Check(LDPC)-coded Probabilistic Shaping(PS)scheme for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO)systems based on Signal Space Diversity(SSD).Second,a Nonbinary(NB)LDPC-coded PS scheme for MIMO systems based on SSD is proposed.The first scheme can be used to obtain a shaping gain,whereas the second can also realize a coding gain.The theoretical average mutual information of the optimized rotated quadrature amplitude modulation constellations is analyzed and the simulated error per-formance with 22 and 44 MIMO schemes is investigated.The theoretical average mutual information analysis and simulation results show that the proposed NB LDPC-coded PS scheme for MIMO systems based on SSD is reliable and robust,and is therefore suitable for future wireless communication systems.

The shaping of milk-flavored white tea:More than a change in appearance

Tea’s popularity and flavor are influenced by factors like cultivation and processing methods and shaping techniques also have an impact on tea flavor.This study employed targeted metabolomics and chemometrics to investigate how shaping techniques affect the flavor of milk-flavored white tea(MFWT).The results showed that the tea cake sample with the shortest pressing time(Y90)has the highest amino acid content and milky aroma intensity.There were variations in amino acids,catechins,and soluble sugars among MFWT samples with different shaping techniques.The total contents of amino acids and catechins in tea cake sample(Y90)were significantly lower than those in the loose tea sample(SC)and bundle-like tea sample(SG),while the total sugar content was significantly higher than that in SC(P<0.05).Additionally,the content of volatiles presenting milky aroma(VIP&OAV>1)in Y90 remained lower relative to SC and SG(P<0.05),but the proportion was not different from that in SC and SG,minimally affecting the overall flavor.The short-time pressing method might be suitable for mass production of MFWT.These findings provide insights into improving the tightness of the appearance of MFWT with minimal impact on tea flavor.

Joint Optimization of Precoding and Constellation Shaping for Faster-than-Nyquist Signaling

Faster-than-Nyquist(FTN)signaling is a potential scheme for the sixth generation(6G)communication system to improve the spectral efficiency(SE).In this paper,we propose a joint optimization algorithm of precoding and constellation shaping for FTN signaling,which is based on simulated optimization via the bare bones particle swarm optimization(BBPSO).The information-theoretical analysis and simulated error performance show that the proposed method is efficient,which can get a significant improvement in terms of average mutual information(AMI)and bit error rate(BER)performance.The simulated BER results verify the theoretical AMI analysis.Compared with the conventional regular 16QAM FTN scheme,when BER is at 10-5,the joint optimized scheme can obtain 0.50 dB and 0.60 dB performance gain with SE at 3.077 bits/s/Hz and 3.282 bits/s/Hz,respectively.Therefore,the proposed scheme is reliable,and thus suitable for the 6G communication.

Asia-Pacific Regional Economic Cooperation Under the Reshaping of Global Production and Supply Chains

As part of the important trends of the current development of the world economy,the reshaping of global industry and supply chains interacts with the intensified changes unprecedented in the past century in an increasingly close manner.“Benefit-sharing and risk-sharing”,the characteristics of global industry and supply chains,have a profound influence on the distribution of benefits among countries and the effectiveness of global economic governance.

Binary Phase Shaping and SHG Contrast Ratios

Finding binary sequences with Large SHG ratios is very important in the field of ultrafast science, biomedical optics, high-resolution microscopy and label-free imaging. In this paper, we have demonstrated the relation between the SHG contrast ratio and the traditional Merit Factor values. And in the light from known results in Merit Factor Problems, we have shown that Legendre Sequences or Jacobi Sequences, are still the best candidates to obtain binary sequences with large SHG contrast ratios. The authors also discussed the SHG behaviors on some sequences obtained from cyclotomic classes over the finite field GF (2l) .

A study on the treatment of chloasma with moxibustion based on the theory of“Yang transforming Qi,and Yin shaping”

Background:“Yang Transforming Qi and Yin shaping”comes from“Plain Question Yin and Yang should be like the theory”.Chinese medicine believes that the imbalance of yin and yang is the cause of human diseases.One of the strengths of TCM in treating diseases is holistic regulation.The theory of“Yang transforming Qi,and Yin shaping”implies a strong holistic view.Chloasma,one of the common skin diseases,seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients due to its unclear etiology,difficult treatment and easy recurrence.The occurrence and development of chloasma are closely related to internal organs.This paper is based on the theory of internal meridian,“Yang transforming Qi,and Yin shaping”which attaches importance to the concept of“Yang Qi”,from a new understanding of the pathogenesis etiology of chloasma.Methods:The author believes that the incidence of the disease is the deficiency of Yang Qi,which can’t promote the movement of Qi and blood to nourish the face,resulting in tangible material condensation,so proposes that this disease needs to be promoted by Yang transforming Qi and warm to dissipate.Moxibustion belongs to the fire,and its warming effect can dissipate the tangible evil.Results:Combined with clinical practice and the theory of internal meridian,the author elaborated that moxibustion is one of the effective methods for treating chloasma,which provides a new way of thinking for the treatment of chloasma.Conclusion:“Yang Transforming Qi and Yin shaping”can be used to guide the treatment of chloasma.

Multiple Kalman filters model with shaping filter GPS real-time deformation analysis

In order to detect the deformation in real-time of the GPS time series and improve its reliability, the multiple Kalman filters model with shaping filter was proposed. Two problems were solved: firstly, because the GPS real-time deformation series with a high sampling rate contain coloured noise, the multiple Kalman filter model requires the white noise, and the multiple Kalman filters model is augmented by a shaping filter in order to reduce the colored noise; secondly, the multiple Kalman filters model with shaping filter can detect the deformation epoch in real-time and improve the quality of GPS measurements for the real-time deformation applications. Based on the comparisons of the applications in different GPS time series with different models, the advantages of the proposed model were illustrated. The proposed model can reduce the colored noise, detect the smaller changes, and improve the precision of the detected deformation epoch.

Shape Optimal System for Linear Elastic Structures

An integrated system FSOP2D,including modules for the shape optimal modeling,structural analysis,sensitivity analysis,optimal method library and post- processing,is developed.By selecting fictitious loads as the design variables that has a linear relationship with the grid point locations and using design sensitivity analysis of the domain method,it is easier to solve the velocity field.In the course of optimal iterations,mesh distortion is kept to a minimum,sensitivity derivatives of object function,stress constraints and displacement constraints are derived.Computation of sensitivity analysis is achieved in the system.Two engineering examples are used to prove the system's effectiveness,the optimal results can successfully be obtained by lesser number of iterations.

Numerical Simulation of Multi-track and Multi-layer Temperature Field on Laser Direct Metal Shaping

To improve the mechanical properties of the parts fabricated by Laser Direct Metal Shaping(LDMS),it is of great significance to understand the distribution regularities of transient temperature field during LDMS process.Based on the“el- ement birth and death”technique of finite element method,a three-dimensional multi-track and multi-layer model for the transient temperature field analysis of LDMS is developed by ANSYS Parametric Design Language(APDL)for the first time.In the fab- ricated modal,X-direction parallel reciprocating scanning paths is introduced.Using the same process parameters,the simulation results show good agreement with the microstructure features of samples which fabricated by LDMS.

Additive Manufacturing of Ceramic Structures by Laser Engineered Net Shaping

Ceramic is an important material with outstanding physical properties whereas impurities and porosities generated by traditional manufacturing methods limits its further industrial applications. In order to solve this problem, direct fabrication of Al2O3 ceramic structures is conducted by laser engineered net shaping system and pure ceramic powders. Grain refinement strengthening method by doping Zr O2 and dispersion strengthening method by doping Si C are proposed to suppress cracks in fabricating Al2O3 structure. Phase compositions, microstructures as well as mechanical properties of fabricated specimens are then analyzed. The results show that the proposed two methods are effective in suppressing cracks and structures of single-bead wall, arc and cylinder ring are successfully deposited. Stable phase of α-Al2O3 and t-Zr O2 are obtained in the fabricated specimens. Micro-hardness higher than 1700 HV are also achieved for both Al2O3 and Al2O3/Zr O2, which are resulted from fine directional crystals generated by the melting-solidification process. Results presented indicate that additive manufacturing is a very attractive technique for the production of high-performance ceramic structures in a single step.

Preparation and shaping of solid acid SO_4^(2-)/TiO_2 and its application for esterification of propylene glycol monomethyl ether and acetic acid

The solid acid SO_4^(2-)/TiO_2 was prepared by immersion method and applied for synthesis of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate(PMA) through esterification reaction of propylene glycol monomethyl ether(PM)and acetic acid(HAc). The optimal catalyst preparation condition was determined by orthogonal analysis of parameters in a five-factor and four-level test. The obtained solid acid catalysts were characterized in detail by means of X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetry, pyridine adsorbed IR analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and BET surface area method. Synthesis of PMA was studied in this paper through experimental investigation of reaction conditions such as temperature, molar ratio of reactants, catalyst dosage and agitation speed. Based on its possible reaction mechanism, a pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model was established and its activation energies E_a^+ and E_a^-,65.68 × 10~3J·mol^(-1) and 57.78 × 10~3J·mol^(-1), were estimated. To prepare shaped solid acid catalyst SO_4^(2-)/TiO_2, the shaping method of impregnation–shaping–impregnation was applied. The optimal molding formulation of solid acid catalyst, obtained from the orthogonal test, was found to be binder 7 wt%, reinforcing agent 20 wt%, pore forming material 2.5 wt%, and lubricant 4 wt%.The results of performance test of catalyst demonstrated that the shaped solid acid catalyst exhibited high activity and stability.

Digitalization of inverting filter shaping circuit for nuclear pulse signals

In the design of filter shaping circuits for nuclear pulse signals,inverting filter shaping circuits perform better than non-inverting filter shaping circuits.Because these circuits facilitate changing the phase of a pulse signal,they are widely used in processing nuclear pulse signals.In this study,the transfer functions of four types of inverting filter shaping circuits,namely the common inverting filter shaping,improved inverting filter shaping,multiple feedback low-pass filter shaping,and third-order multiple feedback low-pass filter shaping,in the Laplacian domain,are derived.We establish the numerical recursive function models and digitalize the four circuits,obtain the transfer functions in the Z domain,and analyze the filter performance and amplitude-frequency response characteristics in the frequency domain.Based on the actual nuclear pulse signal of the Si-PIN detector,we realize four types of inverting digital shaping.The results show that under the same shaping parameters,the common inverting digital shaping has better amplitude extraction characteristics,the third-order multiple feedback low-pass digital shaping has better noise suppression performance,and the multiple feedback digital shaping takes into account both pulse amplitude extraction and noise suppression performance.

Application of pole-zero cancellation circuit in nuclear signal filtering and shaping algorithm

In radiation measurement and digital nuclear spectrum systems,traditional nuclear signal processing circuits in nuclear electronics have been gradually replaced by digital algorithm modules with the application of highperformance programmable hardware logic devices(such as FPGA or DSP).Referring to the digital realization method of inverse RC integral circuit systems,the function of the pole-zero cancellation(PZC)circuit was analyzed,a new modified cascade equivalent model of PZC was established,and the time-domain digital PZC(DPZC)recursive algorithm was derived in detail in this study.Two parameters kIand k_(D)are included in the new algorithm,where kIshould match the exponential decay time constant of the input signal to realize the pole-zero compensation,while the decay time constant of the output signal can be changed with the adjustable parameter k_(D)(which is larger than the decay time constant of the input signal).Based on the new DPZC algorithm module,two trapezoidal(triangular)shaping filters were designed and implemented.The amplitude–frequency characteristics of the output signal of the proposed trapezoidal shaping algorithm and the convolution trapezoidal shaping algorithm were compared,with fixed peaking time.The results show that the trapezoidal shaping algorithm based on DPZC can better suppress high-frequency noise.Finally,based on the Na I(Tl)scintillator(u75 mm×75 mm)detector and^(137)Cs source,the effect of the k_(D)value on the energy resolution of the DPZC trapezoidal(triangular)shaping algorithm was studied.The experimental results show that,with an increase in k_(D),the energy resolution of the system improved and reached the maximum when k_(D)was greater than 10,and the optimal energy resolution of the system was 7.72%.

Industrial shape detecting system of cold rolling strip

A high-precision shape detecting system of cold rolling strip is developed to meet industrial application, which mainly consists of the shape detecting roller, the collecting ring, the digital signal processing （DSP） shape signal processing board and the shape control model. Based on the shape detecting principle, the shape detecting roller is designed with a new integral structure for improving the precision of shape detecting and avoiding scratching strip surface. Based on the DSP technology, the DSP shape signal processing circuit board is designed and embedded in the shape detecting system for the reliability and stability of shape signal processing. The shape detecting system was successfully used in Angang 1 250 mm HC 6-high reversible cold rolling mill. The precision of shape detecting is 0.2 I and the shape deviation is controlled within 6 1 after the close loop shape control is input.

Time-to-go weighted optimal trajectory shaping guidance law

For maneuvering target, the optimal trajectory shaping guidance law which can simultaneously achieve the designed specifications on miss distance and final impact angle was deduced using optimal control theory based on the time-to-go weighted function. Based on the same cost function, the closed-form solutions of the guidance law were derived when the initial displacement of missile, final impact angle, heading error and target maneuver was introduced into the lag-free guidance system. To validate the closed-form solutions, the simulation of the lag-free system was done and the simulation results exactly matched the closed-form solutions and only when the exponent is greater than zero, the final acceleration approaches to zero.