Forecasting Shark Attack Risk Using AI: A Deep Learning Approach

This study aimed to develop a predictive model utilizing available data to forecast the risk of future shark attacks, making this critical information accessible for everyday public use. Employing a deep learning/neural network methodology, the system was designed to produce a binary output that is subsequently classified into categories of low, medium, or high risk. A significant challenge encountered during the study was the identification and procurement of appropriate historical and forecasted marine weather data, which is integral to the model’s accuracy. Despite these challenges, the results of the study were startlingly optimistic, showcasing the model’s ability to predict with impressive accuracy. In conclusion, the developed forecasting tool not only offers promise in its immediate application but also sets a robust precedent for the adoption and adaptation of similar predictive systems in various analogous use cases in the marine environment and beyond.

Shark Cognition and a Human Mediated Driver of a Spate of Shark Attacks

Five unprovoked shark attacks are reported from Sharm-El-Sheikh, Egypt, between 30 November and 5 December 2010. Three of the five attacks are attributed to an oceanic whitetip shark, Carcharinus longimanus with a distinctive crescent-shaped notch in the upper lobe of the caudal fin. The shark was observed during the first attack on a snorkeler and photographed underwater during the second shark attack on a swimmer. In a video taken several months prior to the attacks, the same shark is hand-fed underwater by a divemaster with additional fish in a pack over his buttock. The shark can be seen swimming behind the divemaster while he removed additional fish from this pack. In Victims 1, 2 and 5, the shark removed an extensive amount of tissue from the victims’ buttock. The three victims also lost a hand and/or a portion of their forearm, suggesting the injuries were inflicted by a shark conditioned to associating food with hand-feedings and the human form. The remaining two attacks, Cases 3 and 4, were attributable to the shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus. This was determined from a unique dental pattern of the right side of the upper jaw due to a prior injury. This same “misalignment” dental pattern was observed in the injuries sustained by Victims 3 and 4. We conclude that the shortfin mako shark was responsible for the attacks on Victims 3 and 4, and the oceanic whitetip shark was the causal species of attacks on Victims 1, 2, and 5.

Patient survival and limb salvage after shark attack with major vascular injury:A case report

Shark attacks are rare unique pathological processes.Some of them represent devastating injuries with a high morbidity and significant mortality.Related published articles are limited.The increased human interaction within the environment of sharks is the cause of rising incidence of such attacks.This study reported a case of level 4 shark injuries(shark-induced trauma scale)in a 33-year-old male patient,who presented with an extensive injury of the right lower limb with the characteristic features of shark bite.At admission the patient was in a state of shock with profuse bleeding that was controlled by tourniquet.The patient was resuscitated according to the advanced trauma life support.Clinical examination showed hard signs of vascular injury with absent pedal pulse,associated neurological deficits and severance at the knee joint.Prompt vascular intervention after resuscitation was performed to manage the major vascular injuries,together with proper washout and debridement of all the necrotic tissues under strong antibiotic coverage to prevent infection.After that,the patient underwent sequenced plastic,orthopedic,and neurological interventions.Strict follow-up was conducted,which showed that the patient was saved and achieved a functioning limb.This study aims to highlight the management of level 4 shark injuries,which are considered serious and challenging with a high fatality rate and a great risk of amputation due to the associated major vascular injuries.Immediate well organized management plan is crucial.Prompt resuscitation and surgical intervention by a highly-skilled medical team are required to improve the chance of patient survival and limb salvage.