Closed-form solution for shear lag effects of steel-concrete composite box beams considering shear deformation and slip

Based on the consideration of longitudinal warp caused by shear lag effects on concrete slabs and bottom plates of steel beams,shear deformation of steel beams and interface slip between steel beams and concrete slabs,the governing differential equations and boundary conditions of the steel-concrete composite box beams under lateral loading were derived using energy-variational method.The closed-form solutions for stress,deflection and slip of box beams under lateral loading were obtained,and the comparison of the analytical results and the experimental results for steel-concrete composite box beams under concentrated loading or uniform loading verifies the closed-form solution.The investigation of the parameters of load effects on composite box beams shows that:1) Slip stiffness has considerable impact on mid-span deflection and end slip when it is comparatively small;the mid-span deflection and end slip decrease significantly with the increase of slip stiffness,but when the slip stiffness reaches a certain value,its impact on mid-span deflection and end slip decreases to be negligible.2) The shear deformation has certain influence on mid-span deflection,and the larger the load is,the greater the influence is.3) The impact of shear deformation on end slip can be neglected.4) The strain of bottom plate of steel beam decreases with the increase of slip stiffness,while the shear lag effect becomes more significant.

Theoretical and experimental study on shear lag effect of partially cable-stayed bridge

In order to resolve the traffic congestion problem, many cable-stayed bridges are designed with a large width to span ratio. This results in significant shear lag effect to cause nonuniform stress distribution along the flanges of the beam of bridge. This paper reports study on the shear lag effect of the Lanzhou Xiaoxihu Yellow River Bridge. A 3D finite element model of the bridge was developed and finite element analysis (FEA) was done to obtain the theoretical results. To evaluate the theoretical results, a scaled model was made to conduct static test in laboratory. The experiment results accorded with the results obtained by FEA. It is proved that FEA is an effective method to predict shear lag effect of bridges of this type.

Experimental Study on Shear Lag Effect of Partial Cable-Stayed Bridge and Elasto-Plastic Seismic Analysis

The project of Xiaoxihu Yellow River Bridge in Lanzhou is chosen as partial cable-stayed bridge. To get the shear lag effect and anti-earthquake performance of the actual bridge under various loading conditions, organic glass scaled model was adopted to have an experiment and a theory research at one time. The experiment result is the basically same as the theory calculation which proves the FEA method can well calculate shear lag effect and dynamical performance. As a result, because the bridge is located in a seismic area of 8 degree, an elasto-plastic seismic checking is performed by customized FEA program in this paper.

Closed-form solution to thin-walled box girders considering effects of shear deformation and shear lag

Considering three longitudinal displacement functions and uniform axial displacement functions for shear lag effect and uniform axial deformation of thin-walled box girder with varying depths,a simple and efficient method with high precision to analyze the shear lag effect of thin-walled box girders was proposed.The governing differential equations and boundary conditions of the box girder under lateral loading were derived based on the energy-variational method,and closed-form solutions to stress and deflection corresponding to lateral loading were obtained.Analysis and calculations were carried out with respect to a trapezoidal box girder under concentrated loading or uniform loading and a rectangular box girder under concentrated loading.The analytical results were compared with numerical solutions derived according to the high order finite strip element method and the experimental results.The investigation shows that the closed-form solution is in good agreement with the numerical solutions derived according to the high order finite strip method and the experimental results,and has good stability.Because of the shear lag effect,the stress in cross-section centroid is no longer zero,thus it is not reasonable enough to assume that the strain in cross-section centroid is zero without considering uniform axial deformation.

Analysis of free vibration characteristic of steel-concrete composite box-girder considering shear lag and slip

Based on Hamilton principle,the governing differential equations and the corresponding boundary conditions of steel-concrete composite box girder with consideration of the shear lag effect meeting self equilibrated stress,shear deformation,slip,as well as rotational inertia were induced.Therefore,natural frequency equations were obtained for the boundary types,such as simple support,cantilever,continuous girder and fixed support at two ends.The ANSYS finite element solutions were compared with the analytical solutions by calculation examples and the validity of the proposed approach was verified,which also shows the correctness of longitudinal warping displacement functions.Some meaningful conclusions for engineering design were obtained.The decrease extent of each order natural frequency of the steel-concrete composite box-girder is great under action of the shear lag effect.The shear-lag effect of steel-concrete composite box girder increases when frequency order rises,and increases while span-width ratio decreases.The proposed approach provides theoretical basis for further research of free vibration characteristics of steel-concrete composite box-girder.

偏载作用下薄壁箱梁空间整体效应的综合分析

为了研究斜腹板箱梁在竖向偏心荷载作用下的受力性能,在合理构造各翘曲位移函数的基础上,用能量变分法建立全面反映竖向弯曲变形以及剪力滞、约束扭转、畸变等翘曲变形的控制微分方程,通过对既有文献中的模型梁进行计算分析,明确剪力滞、约束扭转及畸变翘曲应力在竖向弯曲应力中的占比情况,并揭示各翘曲广义内力的分布规律。结果表明:按文章解析法求得的模型梁应力理论值与实测值吻合良好,从而验证文章方法的合理性;在偏载作用下箱梁的约束扭转微分方程与畸变微分方程是相互耦联的,这在已有文献中往往被忽略;在剪力滞、约束扭转及畸变翘曲应力中,畸变翘曲应力占据主导地位,剪力滞和约束扭转翘曲应力相对较小,但仍不可忽略,在控制截面上因各种翘曲变形引起的应力放大系数达到1.362;偏心集中荷载引起的各翘曲广义内力均具有快速衰减的分布规律,剪力滞和约束扭转广义内力分布范围很小,而畸变广义内力分布范围广阔。建议在桥梁设计规范相关条文及实际箱梁桥设计中,对畸变效应给予充分重视。

超宽组合梁剪力滞效应分析

超宽组合梁宽高比很大,在弯矩作用下超宽组合梁的力学特性与普通梁较为不同,目前相关技术规范尚缺乏关于超宽梁有效宽度的系统化公式。为了深入分析在弯矩作用下超宽组合梁剪力滞效应引起的正应力分布不均的特征,以深汕大桥为工程背景,利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立跨中15道中横梁梁段52.5m空间壳单元有限元简支梁体系模型和采用Midas civil建立空间杆系单元全桥模型,分析在自重、车道荷载、人群荷载和吊杆杆力作用下跨中截面顶、底板和1/4跨截面顶板的正应力和剪力滞系数的分布规律。分析结果表明,超宽组合梁在荷载作用下,结构受力存在明显的剪力滞效应,目前相关技术规范关于翼缘有效宽度计算公式的安全系数比实际高1.21~1.63倍。

腹板高度对简支槽型梁力学特性的影响

以阿联酋铁路二期项目B标段跨度48.5 m混凝土简支槽型梁为工程背景,针对采用变截面适应大跨度、重载的受力需求,讨论了腹板高度变化对该重载铁路槽型梁空间变形、道床板双向受力和剪力滞效应等空间力学行为的影响规律。利用Midas FEA NX软件建立了4种不同变截面参数的槽型梁空间实体有限元模型,分析了自重+二期恒载、预应力、单线和双线列车荷载等工况。结果表明:增加两侧腹板的高度,可降低槽型梁道床板的竖向挠度,但会加大腹板上翼缘内倾变形;预应力荷载作用下情况相反。对于槽型梁道床板受力而言,腹板高度越高可降低道床板的纵向应力,但对横向应力无明显影响。在竖向荷载作用下,越靠近跨中位置,剪力滞效应越明显。在预应力荷载作用下,腹板高度变化对剪力滞效应的影响取决于预应力筋布置位置;当仅布置在腹板内时,剪力滞效应不受腹板高度影响。

An elastic-plastic analysis of short-leg shear wall structures during earthquakes

Short-leg shear wall structures are a new form of building structure that combine the merits of both frame and shear wall structures. Its architectural features, structure bearing and engineering cost are reasonable. To analyze the elastic-plastic response of a short-leg shear wall structure during an earthquake, this study modified the multiple-vertical-rod element model of the shear wall, considered the shear lag effect and proposed a multiple-vertical-rod element coupling beam model with a new local stiffness domain. Based on the principle of minimum potential energy and the variational principle, the stiffness matrixes of a short-leg shear wall and a coupling beam are derived in this study. Furthermore, the bending shear correlation for the analysis of different parameters to describe the structure, such as the beam height to span ratio, short-leg shear wall height to thickness ratio, and steel ratio are introduced. The results show that the height to span ratio directly affects the structural integrity; and the short-leg shear wall height to thickness ratio should be limited to a range of approximately 6.0 to 7.0. The design of short-leg shear walls should be in accordance with the ＂strong wall and weak beam＂ principle.

考虑剪力滞效应的钢-ECC组合箱梁数值分析

为解决组合箱梁横向裂缝对结构安全的潜在影响,利用ABAQUS程序建立钢-工程水泥基复合材料(Engineered Cementitious Composite,简称ECC)组合箱梁的数值模型,揭示钢-ECC组合箱梁在受力过程中剪力滞的变化,并分析剪力滞效应的影响因素。研究结果显示,随着荷载增大,钢-ECC组合箱梁的剪力滞效应逐渐加剧,但当ECC翼缘板应变达到极限状态时,剪力滞效应开始趋于稳定。通过适当降低翼缘板的宽度与厚度,或增大箱梁腹板的高度,可以有效减轻钢-ECC组合箱梁的剪力滞效应。相较于两点对称荷载,集中荷载会导致更大的剪力滞效应。

铁路矮塔斜拉桥W形腹板箱梁力学性能分析

W形腹板箱梁具有典型桁式体系受力特征,更符合单索面斜拉桥的受力要求,目前已在公路桥中推广应用。为指导铁路桥相关设计,通过采用有限元软件建立计算模型,对某铁路矮塔斜拉桥W形腹板箱梁设计开展系统分析,研究不同设计参数对箱梁各板件内力的影响、荷载作用下箱梁截面横向受力性能、以及箱梁截面剪力滞效应。研究结果表明,同梁高、不同斜腹板倾角的铁路W形截面顶板、内腹板均受拉,底板与外腹板均受压;随着边斜腹板倾角减小和内腹板倾角增大,顶板、外腹板轴力变大,内腹板轴力减小,底板轴力则基本不变;根据计算分析得到不同位置处的W形截面在铁路荷载作用下,预应力筋合理的布置方式;剪力滞效应方面,荷载作用下,支点及拉索附近的剪力滞效应较为明显,剪力滞系数约为1.1。通过研究,对铁路荷载作用下该种新型截面形式有了系统全面的认识,合理选择截面参数的同时应考虑剪力滞效应以提高结构经济性。

温度作用下大跨度钢-混组合梁剪力滞效应研究

以新建包头至银川高铁中包头至惠农段BYZQ-7标磴口黄河特大桥为研究对象,考虑温度变化对钢-混组合梁的剪力滞影响,求解其温度应力,并建立温度剪力滞系数。通过温度传感器监测全天温度,运用现场实测方法,研究钢-混组合梁温度场分布规律,并计算分析温度作用下,钢-混组合梁的剪力滞效应时程曲线。结果表明,钢-混组合梁温度变化与环境空气温度升降过程一致,温度场分布不均。温度突变对钢-混组合梁的剪力滞系数影响显著,顶板与腹板交接处剪力滞系数峰值为底板与腹板交接处剪力滞系数峰值的163倍。

基于不同广义位移的薄壁箱梁剪力滞效应分析

为了分析基于不同广义位移下剪力滞效应的状态,分别选取翼缘板最大剪切转角差和剪力滞产生的附加挠度作为广义位移,利用能量变分法推导出基于不同广义位移下的箱梁在跨中集中荷载作用下相应的剪力滞系数和应力。引入ANSYS软件建立箱梁有限元模型,结合典型简支箱梁算例进行分析。研究表明:基于不同广义位移所求得的简支箱梁各关键点处的应力值和剪力滞系数与ANSYS值吻合良好,并且基于附加挠度所求得的实际应力值与ANSYS值更为接近;在顶板中点处按选取附加挠度计算的剪力滞系数为0.846,比按选取最大剪切转角差计算的剪力滞系数0.610增大了38.69%;在底板中点处按选取附加挠度计算的剪力滞系数为0.799,比按选取最大剪切转角差计算的剪力滞系数0.610增大了30.98%。

有限梁段法在变截面连续箱梁桥剪力滞效应分析中的应用

为了分析变截面连续箱梁桥的剪力滞效应,选取具有2个节点、4个自由度的箱梁单元,引入剪力滞控制微分方程的初参数解,推导出箱梁梁段单元的刚度矩阵和等效节点荷载。利用FORTRAN语言编写相应计算程序,应用所编程序对某简支箱梁进行验算,并分析了某三跨变截面连续箱梁桥在主跨作用车道荷载时的剪力滞效应。结果表明:剪力滞效应对中跨1/2处影响最大,对左边跨、右边跨几乎没有影响;中跨1/2处总挠度是初等梁挠度的1.08倍。

基于剪切变形规律的PC箱梁剪力滞效应研究

箱梁配筋后截面刚度的变化不仅对翼缘板纵向正应力产生影响,而且对翼缘板中的剪力流分布规律也产生影响。基于换算截面法,提出利用翼缘板剪切变形规律修正PC箱梁剪力滞翘曲位移函数。采用能量变分原理,引入修正系数对配筋后的箱梁悬臂板、底板的剪切转角最大差值进行修正,并将修正后的翘曲位移函数代入剪滞变分方程。为验证计算公式的正确性,将采用推导公式计算的翼缘板应力值与实体有限元计算值进行对比分析,结果表明计算结果与实体有限元结果误差基本在5%以内。本文得出了不同配筋率对剪力滞效应的影响,提供了一种计算PC箱梁不同翼缘板尺寸剪力滞翘曲位移函数的简便方法。

挑臂式钢箱梁剪力滞效应分析

针对宽幅钢箱梁桥梁数量日益增多而剪力滞效应突出的问题,以金海特大桥为工程背景,建立挑臂式钢箱梁中间节段实体分析模型,深入研究了宽幅箱梁的剪力滞效应。研究表明:斜拉索拉力均会显著增大钢箱梁顶板的剪力滞效应,但对底板剪力滞效应有所改善;在设计过程中应重点关注顶板内纵腹板处、跨中位置与重车作用位置以及底板钢箱位置与跨中位置的应力水平;恒载工况下,大挑臂钢箱梁顶板翼缘剪力滞系数趋近1,该截面形式设计合理。

采用A撑的超宽钢箱提篮拱桥整体顶推受力及安全性能研究

为研究超宽桥面拱桥顶推过程的受力性能及安全性能,以某主跨150 m的超宽钢箱提篮拱整体顶推为工程背景进行分析,采用梁格理论来建立大桥有限元模型,结合其实际顶推施工方案,研究最不利悬臂状态的横桥向剪力滞效应、A撑作用和吊杆预紧方案。结果表明:梁顶剪力滞效应显著,梁底应力与单梁结果接近,建议可简化梁格模型为双主梁模型,以提高计算效率;A撑可有效提高结构的刚度,但增加A撑数量,对结构刚度的贡献意义不大,建议A撑布置在最不利悬臂根部;吊杆预紧方案满足安全性能要求,但相比A撑方案,需额外进行一轮调索,影响施工进度,且吊杆预紧力分布不均匀,建议拱桥顶推过程优选A撑方案。

钢板结合梁斜拉桥桥面板剪力滞效应分析

为研究钢板结合梁斜拉桥混凝土桥面板的剪力滞效应,以泸州河东长江大桥为背景,采用MIDAS Civil软件建立主桥空间有限元模型,计算各阶段钢板结合梁混凝土桥面板剪力滞系数,与规范计算结果进行对比,并分析桥面横坡对桥面板剪力滞系数的影响。结果表明:桥塔根部截面施工阶段、通车阶段和运营阶段桥面板剪力滞系数分别约为1.4、1.203和1.46,剪力滞效应明显大于其余截面。现行《公路钢混组合桥梁设计与施工规范》(JTG/T D64-01—2015)和《公路钢结构桥梁设计规范》(JTG D64—2015)对桥塔根部截面剪力滞系数计算偏安全,对跨中截面,前者计算结果与实际受力不符,后者通车阶段、徐变后期及运营阶段的计算结果与有限元计算结果较接近,但施工阶段最大悬臂状态计算结果偏小。桥面横坡每增加1%,桥面板剪力滞系数约增大5%,工程设计中应根据实际建桥条件选择合理的桥面横坡。

斜拉桥悬臂施工阶段PK钢箱叠合梁剪力滞效应分析

为研究斜拉桥悬臂施工状态下PK钢箱叠合梁引起的纵桥向正应力沿横向截面分布不均匀的特性,依托银洲湖特大斜拉桥工程实例,利用ANSYS软件建立PK钢箱叠合梁跨中梁段空间有限元模型,考虑了长悬臂状态下不同悬臂施工长度以及最大悬臂和合拢阶段的典型荷载工况,采用有限元法研究PK钢箱叠合梁斜拉索锚固截面和斜拉索中间截面的剪力滞效应。通过与实测值的比较验证了有限元模型的准确性,并计算分析得出在不同荷载工况下PK钢箱叠合梁混凝土顶板与钢箱梁底板的纵向正应力分布变化规律及剪力滞系数。研究结果表明:在悬臂施工阶段不同悬臂长度下,PK钢箱叠合梁混凝土顶板和钢箱底板的轴向正应力和剪力滞系数沿横向分布规律存在差异,截面会同时出现正、负剪力滞效应;混凝土顶板和钢箱底板在外腹板处的负剪力滞效应较为明显;斜拉索锚固截面的剪力滞效应比斜拉索中间截面的更为突出,PK钢箱叠合梁锚固截面的应力分布更应引起重视。