In vitro-inhibition of shear-induced platelet aggregation by verapamil

1 ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＲｅｃｅｎｔｅｖｉｄｅｎｃｅｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｓｔｈａｔｓｈｅａｒｉｎｄｕｃｅｄｐｌａｔｅｌｅｔａｇｇｒｅｇａｔｉｏｎ (ＳＩＰＡ)ｉｓａｎｉｍｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｏｆｔｈｒｏｍｂｏｓｉｓａｔａｒｔｅｒｉａｌｓｔｅｎｏｓｉｓ[2 ] .ＯｕｒｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｓｔｕｄｙｓｈｏｗｅｄｔｈａｔｓｏｍｅｏｆｔｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｈｅｒｂａｌｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓｅｘｈｉｂｉｔｅｄｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｉｏｎｔｏＳＩＰＡ ,ｓｕｃｈａｓｌｉｇｕｓｔｒａｚｉｎｅ[6 ] .Ｏｕｒｓｔｕｄｙａｌｓｏｓｈｏｗｅｄｔｈａｔｌｉｇｕｓｔｒａｚｉｎｅｈａｄｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｉｎｇｉｎｔｒａｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒｃａｌｃｉｕｍｔｏｐｌａｔｅｌｅｔ[5 ] .Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ ,ｔｏｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｖｅｒａｐａｍｉｌ,ａｔｙｐｉｃａｌｃａｌｃｉｕｍａｎｔａｇｏｎｉｓｔ,ｉｓｔｈｅｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｏｆｔｈｉｓｓｔｕｄｙ .2 Ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓａｎｄｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ2 1 ＡｎｉｍａｌｓＭａｌｅＮｅｗＺｅａｌａｎｄｒａｂｂｉｔｓｗｅｉｇｈｉｎｇ 2 .0— 2 .5ｋｇｗｅｒｅｓ...

Clinical significance of platelet mononuclear cell aggregates in patients with sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of sepsis combined with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)has increased owing to the enhanced awareness among medical profes-sionals and the continuous development of modern medical technologies,while early diagnosis of ARDS still lacks specific biomarkers.One of the main patho-genic mechanisms of sepsis-associated ARDS involves the actions of various pathological injuries and inflammatory factors,such as platelet and white blood cells activation,leading to an increase of surface adhesion molecules.These adhesion molecules further form platelet-white blood cell aggregates,including platelet-mononuclear cell aggregates(PMAs).PMAs has been identified as one of the markers of platelet activation,here we hypothesize that PMAs might play a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of this complication.METHODS We selected 72 hospitalized patients diagnosed with sepsis as the study population between March 2019 and March 2022.Among them,30 patients with sepsis and ARDS formed the study group,while 42 sepsis patients without ARDS comprised the control group.After diagnosis,venous blood samples were imme-diately collected from all patients.Flow cytometry was employed to analyze the expression of PMAs,platelet neutrophil aggregates(PNAs),and platelet aggregates(PLyAs)in the serum.Additionally,the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II score was calculated for each patient,and receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to assess diagnostic value.RESULTS The study found that the levels of PNAs and PLyAs in the serum of the study group were higher than those in the control group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).However,the expression of PMAs in the serum of the study group was significantly upregulated(P<0.05)and positively correlated with the APACHE II score(r=0.671,P<0.05).When using PMAs as a diagnostic indicator,the area under the curve value was 0.957,indicating a high diagnostic value(P<0.05).Furthermore,the optimal cutoff value was 8.418%,with a diagnostic sensitivity of 0.819 and specificity of 0.947.CONCLUSION In summary,the serum levels of PMAs significantly increase in patients with sepsis and ARDS.Therefore,serum PMAs have the potential to become a new biomarker for clinically diagnosing sepsis complicated by ARDS.

Studies on the Basic Principles for the Processing of Rhizoma Cibotii Part Ⅰ Influence of Rhizoma Cibotii and Its Processed Samples on Thrombin Induced Rabbit Platelet Aggregation

比较研究了狗脊及其不同炮制品对凝血酶诱导的兔血小板聚集作用的影响 ,各炮制品均有抑制血小板聚集作用 ,抗血小板聚集作用砂烫品 >盐制品 >酒蒸品 >单蒸品 >

Effects of Berbamine on PAF Production in Human Neutrophils and on Platelet Aggregation

本实验研究了双苄基异喹啉类生物碱小檗胺（Ｂｅｒｂａｍｉｎｅ）对人中性粒细胞血小板激活因子（ＰＡＦ）的产生及ＰＡＦ引起的兔血小板聚集的影响，并与钙通道阻断剂维拉帕米进行比较。结果表明，小檗胺（５０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）和维拉帕米（１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）预处理的人粒细胞，用Ａ－２３１８７攻击后，ＰＡＦ的产生明显降低。小檗胺和维拉帕米也能抑制ＰＡＦ（７０ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ）引起的血小板聚集，其抑制作用呈剂量依赖性。本实验结果提示，小檗胺和维拉帕米对ＰＡＦ生成及血小板聚集的抑制作用可能与阻断钙离子内流有关。

EFFECTS OF NIMODIPINE ON PLATELET AGGREGATION AND THE ACTIVITY OF ENZYMES IN ARACHIDONIC ACID METABOLISM

The effects of nimodipine on platelet aggregation and arachidonic acid（AA）metabolismwere studied in order to explore its effect on patients with thrombosis or cardiovas-cular disease.The results indicate that nimodipine（50-350μmol/L）significantly inhibitsplatelet aggregation induced by ADP,AA,and ionophore A23187 in a dose dependentmanner.The inhibitory effects induced by ionophore A23187 could be partially antagonizedby calcium（1 mmol/L）.When the substrate was AA and the enzyme was supplied bypig lung microsomes,nimodipine（50-400μmol/L）significantly reduced the generation ofTXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1a in parallel.When the substrate was prostaglandin endoperoxide,however,the levels of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1awere not significantly altered in the sameconcentration range.The results suggest that nimodipine is a cyclooxygenase inhibitor,andits ability to inhibit platelet aggregation is related to its calcium blocking effect.

Inhibitory Effect of β-Elemene Emulsion on Platelet Aggregation and its Mechanism

为阐明β榄香烯的抗血小板作用，本文分别采用比浊法和放免法测定大鼠连续ｉｐ７ｄβ榄香烯乳６．２５～１２．５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１后对血小板聚集、血浆ｋｅｔｏＰＧＦ１α和ＴＸＢ２水平的影响。结果表明，本品分别使凝血酶、花生四烯酸和ＡＤＰ诱导血小板最大聚集率下降３８．３％～４２．６％，１４．７％～１９．１％和７．２％～１０．８％，血浆ＴＸＢ２从８８ｎｇ·Ｌ－１下降至７２ｎｇ·Ｌ－１，ｋｅｔｏＰＧＦ１α从１７．５ｎｇ·Ｌ－１增加至２０．９ｎｇ·Ｌ－１。提示ＴＸＢ２降低和ｋｅｔｏＰＧＦ１α值增加是其抑制血小板聚集的作用机制之一。

Plasma pharmacological study on Da Huang Zhe Chong capsule on platelet aggregation of normal person

Objective To develop a plasma pharmacological method evaluates the effect of Da Huang Zhe Chong capsule on platelet aggregation and its mechanism, which is a representative Traditional Chinese Medicine Patent Prescription Promoting blood circulation by removing blood stasis. Methods Platelets specimens from healthy volunteers made serum and plasma with medicine, while platelet PRP were separated, which were divided into 8groups,i.e. auto-serum, allo-serum, serum with Da Huang Zhe Chong capsule , serum with aspirin, auto-plasma, plasma with Da Huang Zhe Chong capsule, plasma with aspirin, every group added to serum and plasma to hatch. After ADP and adrenalin were added into the specimens and hatched, the effects of specimens on platelet aggregation were observed. Results After ADP adrenalin were added, all the serum groups did not present platelet aggregation,while all the plasma group presented platelet aggregation. P1, P5, Pmax, t and TM have no significant difference (P＞0. 05) between auto-plasma group and allo-plasma group induced by ADP and adrenalin. P1, P5, t and Pmax have significant differences (P＜0. 01) and TM decreased significantly (P＜0. 05) comparing plasma group with Da Huang Zhe Chong capsule and plasma group of aspirin to allo-plasma group. P1, t and Pmax have significant difference (P＜0.05), and P5 and TM are simulate comparing plasma group with Da Huang Zhe Chong capsule to plasma group of aspirin. P1, P5, t and Pmax have significant differences (P＜0. 01), P1, TM have also significant(P＜0. 05), comparing plasma group of Da Huang Zhe Chong capsule with plasma of aspirin to allo-plasma group induced by adrenalin. P1 ,P5 and Pmax have significant differences (P＜0.05), and t and Pmax are simulate comparing plasma group with Da Huang Zhe Chong capsule with plasma group of aspirin. Conclusion The serum pharmacological study is inappropriate to study platelet aggregation in vitro. The plasma pharmacological study is inappropriate to study platelet aggregation in vitro. The plasma pharmacological study could reflect the pharmacological effect produced in vivo. Da Huang Zhe Chong capsule has better anti artery thrombosis effect than aspirin, and it is an ideal medicine for anti artery thrombosis.

EFFECT OF 764－3 ON AGGREGATION AND CALCIUM MOVEMENTS IN AEQUORIN－LOADED HUMAN PLATELETS

ＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦ７６４－３ＯＮＡＧＧＲＥＧＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＣＡＬＣＩＵＭＭＯＶＥＭＥＮＴＳＩＮＡＥＱＵＯＲＩＮ－ＬＯＡＤＥＤＨＵＭＡＮＰＬＡＴＥＬＥＴＳＷｕＨｕａｉｚｈｕ武怀珠；ＬｉＪｉａｚｅｎｇ李家增；ＰｅｎｇＬｉｎ彭林；ＴｅｎｇＢｉｎ滕彬ａｎｄＺ...

Components of traditional Chinese medicine inhibit platelet aggregation by blocking ADP receptor subtypes P2Y1 and P2Y12

Platelets aggregation and thrombosis formation are major reasons of cardiovascular and cerebral vascular diseases.To develop new generative,potent and safe agents for inhibiting platelet aggregation and preventing above diseases are urgently required.Some traditional Chinese medicines of″Houxue Huayu″have been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation potently.In the present study the mechanisms and the molecular targets of puerarin,salvianolic acid B and the analogue of 3-n-butylphthalide,dl-PHPB were investigated and compared with ticlopidine.Four platelet aggregation inducers,ADP,arachidonic acid,collagen and thrombin were used in the study.It was found that puerarin and dl-PHPB specifically inhibited ADP induced platelet aggregation like ticlopidine did.However,salvianolic acid B inhibited both ADP and collagen induced platelet aggregations with similar potency.Due to existing two ADP receptor subtypes on platelets,P2Y1 and P2Y12,we studied the action of above compounds on the receptors and the signaling pathways.It was found that dl-PHPB decreased IP1 accumulation produced by ADP,but had no effect on IP1 level induced by m-3M3 FBS,an activator of PLC.M-3M3 FBS might attenuate the inhibitory effect of dl-PHPB on ADP-induced platelet aggregation.In addition,dl-PHPB did not affect cyclic AMP formation in platelets by ADP,which is different from P2Y12 antagonist ticlopidine.Puerarin showed the similar effects of dl-PHPB.Therefore,the actions of dl-PHPB and puerarin might be through P2Y1receptor-PLC-βpathway.Salvianolic acid B did not reduce the IP1 accumulation stimulated by ADP.It might act on the receptor subtype P2Y12.Our results suggest that components of Chinese herb medicine might be a resource for development of novel anti-platelet drugs.

Synthesis of Novel Ligustrazine Derivatives as Potential Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors

A series of novel ligustrazine derivatives were synthesized. These compounds have not been reported in literature, and their chemical structures were confirmed by IR, ^1H NMR and ESI-MS. The preliminary antiplatelet aggregation screening results demonstrated that the compounds 7a, 7b and 7c showed higher potency than ligustrazine.

Selective inhibition of Piperol B on rabbit platelet aggregation and calcium movement induced by PAF

ＳｅｌｅｃｔｉｖｅｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｉｏｎｏｆＰｉｐｅｒｏｌＢｏｎｒａｂｂｉｔｐｌａｔｅｌｅｔａｇｇｒｅｇａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｃａｌｃｉｕｍｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｉｎｄｕｃｅｄｂｙＰＡＦＺｅｎｇＨｕａｗｕ（曾华武）；ＪｉａｎｇＹｕａｎｙｉｎｇ（姜远英）；ＬｏｎｇＫ...

Procainamide inhibits A23187－induced human platelet aggregation and increase in cytosolic free－Ca2＋ in the cells

ＰｒｏｃａｉｎａｍｉｄｅｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｓＡ２３１８７－ｉｎｄｕｃｅｄｈｕｍａｎｐｌａｔｅｌｅｔａｇｇｒｅｇａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｉｎｃｙｔｏｓｏｌｉｃｆｒｅｅ－Ｃａ２＋ｉｎｔｈｅｃｅｌｌｓ（庞建新）（单春文）￥ＰａｎｇＪｉａｎｘｉｎ；Ｓｈａ...

The increase of adenylate kinase activity in the blood can control aggregation of platelets in coronary or peripheral arterial ischemia

Activation and aggregation of blood platelets is crucial for hemostasis and thrombosis. In the vascular system adenine nucleotides are important signaling molecules playing a key role in hemostasis. ADP was the first low molecular weight agent recognized to cause blood platelets activation and aggregation. NTPDases and adenylate kinase (AK) are the main enzymes involved in metabolism of extracellular adenine nucleotides. The majority of studies concentrated on the role of NTPDase1 (apyrase) in the inhibition of platelets aggregation. Up to now, there are still insufficient data concerning the role of AK in this process. We found that adenylate kinase activity in the serum of patients with myocardial infarction is significantly increased when compared to the healthy volunteers. The elevated activity of AK is connected to appearance of another isoform of that enzyme, expressed in patients with myocardial infarction. The influence of AK on the pig blood platelets aggregation induced by 20 μM ADP or 7.5 μg/ml rat collagen was examined. 1U of adenylate kinase added to platelet-rich plasma (PRP) before ADP or collagen, inhibited the platelets aggregation. One minute after induction of platelets activation by ADP as much as 5U of adenylate kinase was necessary to stop the platelet aggregation. In the case of collagen activated aggregation, only 2U of AK added 1 or 5 minutes after initiation of the aggregation process were sufficient for disaggregation of platelets. The increase of ATP: ADP ratio is probably responsible for the initiation of disaggregation process. We conclude that adenylate kinase is involved in regulation of plate-lets aggregation. Anticoagulative role of AK indicates the possibility of using this enzyme in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Time-effect and dose-effect of prasugrel hydrobromide acetic acid compound inhibiting platelet aggregation

Aim To evaluate the time-effect and dose-effect of prasugrel hydrobromide acetic acid compound （PHAAC） inhibiting platelet aggregation. Methods For the time-effect study, 190 Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were devided into 19 groups （n- 10）： the vehicle control group, the PHAAC groups （0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 h） and the prasugrel hydrochloride groups （0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 h）. Rats were singly intra- gastic administration of the vehicle, the PHAAC （5 mg·kg^-1） or the prasugrel hydrochloride （5 mg · kg^-1 ）, re- spectively. Blood samples were taken at each time point for the determination of platelet aggregation rate （PAR）. For the dose-effect study, 110 SD rats were devided into 11 groups （n= 10）： the vehicle control group, the PHAAC groups （10, 5, 2.5, 1, 0.5 mg · kg^-1, dosage of prasugrel） and the prasugrel hydrochloride groups （ 10, 5, 2.5, 1, 0.5 mg · kg^-1, dosage of prasugrel） . Blood samples were taken at 4 h after drug administration for the determination of PAR. Results Compared with the vehicle group, PHAAC has significant anti-platelet ag- gregative effects （P 〈 0.05） at the time of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48 h, and the effect at the time of 4 h was the strongest. There were no obvious differences between the effect of PHAAC （5 mg · kg^-1） and prasugrel hydrochlo- ride （5 mg · kg^-1） at each time point. Compared with the vehicle group, intragastic administration of PHAAC at the doses of 10, 5, 2.5, 1, 0.5 mg · kg^-1 could obviously inhibite the platelet aggregation, and showed a dose- dependent manner. There were no significant differences between the effect of PHAAC and prasugrel hydrochloride at the same dose. Conclusion PHAAC can inhibit platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner, and the effect at 4 h after drug administration is the strongest. The action strength and duration of PHAAC are similar with that of the prasugrel hydrochloride.

Effect of adjuvant therapy with ginkgo-damole on apoptosis, nerve injury and platelet aggregation of patients with acute cerebral infarction

Objective:To investigate the effect of adjuvant therapy with ginkgo-damole on apoptosis, nerve injury and platelet aggregation of patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods:A total of 74 patients with acute cerebral infarction treated in our hospital from March 2014 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into ginkgo-damole group and conventional treatment group according to a therapeutic schedule that whether ginkgo-diyidamolum were included. At Week 2 and Week 4 after treatment, contents of apoptosis molecule, nerve injury molecule and index of platelet aggregation in serum were detected. Results:At Week 2 after treatment, contents of soluble Fas, soluble Fas ligand, soluble tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand, S100β, neuron specific enolase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, myelin basic protein, malonaldehyde, endothelin-1, fibrinogen and D-dimer in patients' sera of ginkgo-damole group were significantly lower than those of conventional treatment group. Contents of nitric oxide in sera were obviously higher than that of conventional treatment group. At Week 4 after treatment, contents of soluble Fas, soluble Fas ligand, soluble tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand, S100β, neuron specific enolase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, myelin basic protein, malonaldehyde, endothelin-1, fibrinogen and D-dimer in patients' sera of ginkgo-damole group were significantly lower than those of conventional treatment group. Contents of nitric oxide in sera were obviously higher than that of conventional treatment group. Conclusions:Adjuvant therapy with ginkgo-damole can inhibit the apoptosis of neuron cells and neurogliocyte and reduce the neural function injury and the situation of platelet aggregation.

Evaluation of the Effect of Aspirin on Platelet Aggregation: Methodological Recommendations for Aspirin-Drug Interaction Studies

Given the broad application of aspirin as antiplatelet drug, availability of standardized methodology to assess potential interaction with any co-medication on platelet aggregation is desired. We characterized the effect of aspirin (ASA) therapy on collagen-induced platelet aggregation in whole blood to define such methodology. Collagen-induced platelet whole blood aggregation was assessed in 6 healthy male volunteers on 2 occasions (Day 1, Day 7) using the Chronolog aggregometer. From Day 2 up to Day 7, subjects received a daily oral dose of 75 mg ASA. The relationship between collagen dose and platelet aggregation response was assessed. On Day 1, maximal aggregation was observed at 1 μg/mL collagen (15.3 ± 4.6 Ω) and higher. Reproducible results were obtained without any indication of intra-subject fluctuations. ASA treatment decreased maximal aggregation by 80% and 38% at 0.5 and 2.0 μg/mL collagen, respectively. Power calculations were performed based on the observed intra-subject variability and demonstrated minimal sample sizes of 9 - 11 subjects for future cross-over ASA-drug interaction studies exploring effects on platelet aggregation, which demonstrates that the proposed collagen-induced ex vivo whole blood platelet aggregation is a feasible methodology to evaluate ASA-drug interactions in healthy volunteers.

Study on the targets and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in inhibiting platelet aggregation

Platelets aggregation and thrombosis formation are major reasons of cardiovascular and cerebral vascular diseases.To develop novel,effective and safe agents for inhibiting platelet aggregation and preventing above diseases is urgently needed.Some traditional Chinese medicines for“Houxue Huayu”have been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation potently.They are used frequently in China and also in Asian countries.Recently,the major effective components of Pueraria lobata,Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge,Apium graveolens L.and so on were studied.The mechanisms and the molecular targets of puerarin,salvianolic acid B and the analogue of 3-n-butylphthalide,dl-PHPB were investigated.Four platelet aggregation inducers,ADP,arachidonic acid(AA),collagen(Col)and thrombin,were used in the study.

Inhibitory effects and mechanisms of high molecular-weight phlorotannins from Sargassum thunbergii on ADP-induced platelet aggregation

We evaluated the effects of high molecular-weight phlorotannins from Sargassum thunbergii(STP) on ADP-induced platelet aggregation and arachidonic acid(AA) metabolism in New Zealand white rabbits and Wistar rats.The inhibition of STP on platelet aggregation was investigated using a turbidimetric method,and the levels of the terminal products of AA metabolism were measured using the corresponding kits for maleic dialdehyde(MDA),thromboxane B2(TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α(6-keto-PGF1α) by colorimetry and radioimmunoassay,as appropriate.We found that STP could inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation,and the inhibitory ratio was 91.50% at the STP concentration of 4.0 mg/mL.Furthermore,STP markedly affected AA metabolism by decreasing the synthesis of MDA(P<0.01) and increasing the synthesis of 6-keto-PGF1α,thus changing the plasma TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α balance when the platelets were activated(P<0.01).Therefore,STP altered AA metabolism and these findings partly revealed the molecular mechanism by which STP inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation.

Platelet aggregation is affected by nitrosothiols in patients with chronic hepatitis: In vivo and in vitro studies

AIM: To investigate the relationship among the number of platelets and plasma levels of S-nitrosothiols (S-NO), nitrite, total non-protein SH (NPSH), glutathione (GSH), cysteine (CYS), malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxininenal (4HNE), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-6 in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CH).METHODS: In vitro the aggregation of platelets derived from controls and CH patients was evaluated before and after the addition of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen, both in basal conditions and after incubation with nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). RESULTS: In vivo , S-NO plasma levels increased significantly in CH patients and they were significantly directly correlated with platelet numbers. Patients with platelet counts < 150 000/μL, had a smaller increase in S-NO, lower levels of GSH, CYS, NPSH, TNFα, and IL-6, and higher levels of nitrite, MDA, and 4-HNE relative to those of patients with platelet counts > 150 000/μL. In vitro, the ADP and collagen aggregation time was increased in platelets from patients and not from controls; in addition, platelets from CH patients but not from controls also showed a latency time after exposure to collagen. CONCLUSION: The incubation of platelets with GSNO improved the percentage aggregation and abolished the latency time.