DEFORMATION ANALYSIS OF SHEET METAL SINGLE-POINT INCREMENTAL FORMING BY FINITE ELEMENT METHOD SIMULATION

Single-point incremental forming （SPIF） is an innovational sheet metal forming method without dedicated dies, which belongs to rapid prototyping technology. In generalizing the SPIF of sheet metal, the deformation analysis on forming process becomes an important and useful method for the planning of shell products, the choice of material, the design of the forming process and the planning of the forming tool. Using solid brick elements, the finite element method（FEM） model of truncated pyramid was established. Based on the theory of anisotropy and assumed strain formulation, the SPIF processes with different parameters were simulated. The resulted comparison between the simulations and the experiments shows that the FEM model is feasible and effective. Then, according to the simulated forming process, the deformation pattern of SPIF can be summarized as the combination of plane-stretching deformation and bending deformation. And the study about the process parameters＇ impact on deformation shows that the process parameter of interlayer spacing is a dominant factor on the deformation. Decreasing interlayer spacing, the strain of one step decreases and the formability of blank will be improved. With bigger interlayer spacing, the plastic deformation zone increases and the forming force will be bigger.

STUDY ON THE FINITE ELEMENT NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SHEET METAL FORMING

Based on the Finite Element Theory of Rigid Plastic,relevant problems during plas-tic simulation on sheet metal forming were technologically studied and simplified;a simplified model of the blank holder during the drawing process was established and the effects of related parameters on the forming processes were also studied.At the same time,a finite--element numerical simulation program SPID was developed.The distribution of strain and relationship of stress--stroke simulated were compared with experimented,the results are well coincided with each other.It is verified that the analytical program is reliable.

Theory and Method of Optimum Path Forming for Sheet Metal

Ideal forming results will be achieved if the sheet metal is formed along an optimum forming path. Such a path can be realized by multi-point forming technique. On the basis of the theory of the ideal forming path (or minimum plastic work path), the concept of an optimum forming path is proposed in this paper. The forming path can be described by the initial configuration, objective configuration and a series of intermediate configurations. According to the deformation theory and constitutive equation in ideal path forming, a finite element method to calculate the initial configuration is set up. The functional to determinate intermediate configurations is introduced and the numerical method to solve the configuration is presented. Based on the method presented in the paper, multi-step multi-point forming tests for sheet metal are designed. The test results demonstrate that when the sheet is deformed along an approximate optimum forming path, the maximum deformation curvature for the sphere objective shape and saddle objective shape are 11%∼40% and 15%∼50% greater than those of a sheet deformed along a common path respectively.

Sheet Metal Forming Simulation and Its Application in Stamping Process of Automobile Panels

The paper starts with a brief overview to the necessity of sheet metal forming simulation and the complexity of automobile panel forming, then leads to finite element analysis (FEA) which is a powerful simulation tool for analyzing complex three-dimensional sheet metal forming problems. The theory and features of the dynamic explicit finite element methods are introduced and the available various commercial finite element method codes used for sheet metal forming simulation in the world are discussed,and the civil and international status quo of automobile panel simulation as well. The front door outer panel of one certain new automobile is regarded as one example that the dynamic explicit FEM code Dynaform is used for the simulation of the front door outer panel forming process. Process defects such as ruptures are predicted. The improving methods can be given according to the simulation results. Foreground of sheet metal forming simulation is outlined.

Numerical simulation and experimental investigation of incremental sheet forming process

In order to investigate the process of incremental sheet forming (ISF) through both experimental and numerical approaches, a three-dimensional elasto-plastic finite element model (FEM) was developed to simulate the process and the simulated results were compared with those of experiment. The results of numerical simulations, such as the strain history and distribution, the stress state and distribution, sheet thickness distribution, etc, were discussed in details, and the influences of process parameters on these results were also analyzed. The simulated results of the radial strain and the thickness distribution are in good agreement with experimental results. The simulations reveal that the deformation is localized around the tool and constantly remains close to a plane strain state. With decreasing depth step, increasing tool diameter and wall inclination angle, the axial stress reduces, leading to less thinning and more homogeneous plastic strain and thickness distribution. During ISF, the plastic strain increases stepwise under the action of the tool. Each increase in plastic strain is accompanied by hydrostatic pressure, which explains why obtainable deformation using ISF exceeds the forming limits of conventional sheet forming.

QUANTITATIVE PREDICTION FOR SPRINGBACK OF UNLOADING AND TRIMMING IN SHEET METAL STAMPING FORMING

Based on the elastic-plastic large deformation finite element formulation as well as the shell element combined discrete Kirchhoff theoretical plate element (DKT) with membrane square element, deep-drawing bending springback of typical U-pattern is studied. At the same time the springback values of the drawing of patterns' unloading and trimming about the satellite aerial reflecting surface are predicted and also compared with those of the practical punch. Above two springbacks all obtain satisfactory results, which provide a kind of effective quantitative pre-prediction of springback for the practical engineers.

Study on Process Parameters Optimization of Sheet Metal Forming Based on PFEA/ANN/GA

Sheet metal forming is widely applied to automobile, aviation, space flight, ship, instrument, and appliance industries.In this paper, based on analyzing the shortcoming of general finite element analysis (FEA), the conception of parametric finite element analysis (PFEA) is presented. The parametric finite element analysis, artificial neural networks(ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA) are combined to research thoroughly on the problems of process parametersoptimization of sheet metal forming. The author programs the optimization scheme and applies it in a research ofoptimization problem of inside square hole flanging technological parameters. The optimization result coincides wellwith the result of experiment. The research shows that the optimization scheme offers a good new way in die designand sheet metal forming field.

Automobile Roof Panel Forming: Prediction and Compensation of Springback and Application of Numerical Simulation Based on Dynaform

The forming of sheet metal in a desired and attractive shape is a process that requires an understanding of materials, mechanics and manufacturing principles. Manufacturing a consistent sheet metal component is challenging due to the nonlinear interactions of various material and process parameters. One of the major issues in the manufacturing of inconsistent?sheet metal?parts is springback. Springback is the elastic strain recovery in the material after the tooling is removed and the final shape of the product depends on the springback amount formed. In this study according to the result of simulation the inverted compensation method is adopted to optimize die surface design. Similarly, to predict and compensate the springback error this study presented an analytical approach of forming process in a stepwise modification of the automobile roof panel. Moreover, based on?Dynaform?and?finite element analysis of sheet metal stamping simulation the sprinback in automobile roof panel is predicted and compensated.?In addition, this study examines the significant requirements of the sheet metal forming precision of automobile body and the simulation of forming, stamping and springback of automobile roof panel is carried out, and the result of simulation also is analyzed.

APPLICATION OF INTEGRATION ALGORITHEMS FOR ELASTO-PLASTICITY CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR ANISOTROPIC SHEET MATERIALS

Two algorithms of computing stress increment by using the elasto-plasticity constitutive model are firstly formulated, which are the Euler integration method and the radial return method. Hill＇48 anisotropic yield criterion is used. The Euler integration method can not obtain more accurate computation of the stress increment as the radial return method unless enough subintervals are taken,by which the Euler integration method will take excessive computing time. Without docreasing any accuracy, the radial return method can save much time. Finally, a square cup deep drawing from NUMISHEET＇93 benchmarks is simulated with a self-developed code SheetForrn in order to investigate the accuracy and efficiency of the radial return method.

金属板材单点渐进成形实验教学平台设计与应用

为了满足高层次、复合型、创新型领军人才的培养要求,设计一个单点渐进成形实验教学平台,由成形设备和工艺软件两部分组成,可实现基于设计模型的金属板材单点渐进成形加工。选用304不锈钢作为实验材料,以斜壁圆台形件为目标制件,利用有限元软件对成形过程进行仿真,并在单点渐进成形实验教学平台上开展成形实验。在定义了成形精度的评价标准后,将实际成形数据和有限元仿真结果进行对比,验证了平台的可靠性。该实验教学平台可用于机械制造Ⅱ、先进制造技术与系统等课程的实践教学,丰富了机械工程专业的实验教学内容。

FEM-based strain analysis study for multilayer sheet forming process

Fiber metal laminates have many advantages over traditional laminates （e.g., any type of fiber and resin material can be placed anywhere between the metallic layers without risk of failure of the composite fabric sheets）. Furthermore, the process requirements to strictly control the temperature and punch force in fiber metal laminates are also less stringent than those in traditional laminates. To further explore the novel method, this study conducts a finite element method-based （FEM-based） strain analysis on multilayer blanks by using the 3A method. Different forming modes such as wrinkling and fracture are discussed by using experimental and numerical studies. Hydroforming is used for multilayer forming. The Barlat 2000 yield criteria and DYNAFORM/LS-DYNA are used for the simulations. Optimal process parameters are determined on the basis of fixed die-binder gap and variable cavity pressure. The results of this study will enhance the knowledge on the mechanics of multilayer structures formed by using the 3A method and expand its commercial applications.

Deformation Behaviors of Laser Forming of Ring Sheet Metals

Laser forming is a highly flexible sheet metal forming technique. In laser forming along curved irradiation paths, the heated zone is bigger and the effects of the processing parameters on the deformation are complex. The deformation behaviors of laser forming of ring sheet metals have been investigated from the thermal-mechanics analysis by the finite element (FE) simulation based on the proposed finite element method model. The effects of ring central angle and scanning path on deformation of ring sheet metal were investigated. The results are as follows: (1) in comparison with the laser bending along linear path, the marked third point has two peak temperatures during the laser forming process along curved path; (2) the forming process fluctutes continuously and the sheet edge is warped because the rigid-ends effect due to the restriction of sheet; (3) when the ring central angle increases, the displacement difference of the marked three points decreases and then increases, and the warped curvature of sheet edge decreases; (4) when the laser beam diameter increases, the displacement difference of the marked three points decreases and the warped curvature increases.

材料成形计算机模拟中的参数化有限元法

在分析常规有限元法在材料成形模拟中的不足的基础上 ,提出了参数化有限元分析的概念 ,阐述了其基本任务、基本过程、实现方法和进行参数化有限元分析的技术要点。针对方孔翻边问题进行了编程式参数化有限元法研究 ,其结果与现有文献试验结果基本吻合 ;针对方盒拉深中的坯料形状优化问题进行了交互式参数化有限元法研究 ,其结果与现有文献试验结果基本吻合。研究表明 ,提出的参数化有限元法实用、可行 ,为材料成形计算机模拟探索出了一种高效快捷。

DYNAFORM-PC软件及其在钣金冲压中的应用

介绍了钣金冲压数值模拟分析专用软件DYNAFORM PC的组成 ,重点说明了前、后处理器各菜单和工具的功能 ,介绍了 .dyn和 .mod格式文件的构成 ,阐述了板料冲压成形有限元模拟的一般步骤 ,即先由前处理器创建网格模型 ,再由求解器迭代计算出各个时间步的数据文件 ,最后由后处理器观察和分析工件各处应力、应变等参数分布 利用坐标变换证明了椭圆盒形件的拉延毛坯仍为椭圆 ,在整个拉延过程中板料外缘始终是椭圆 ,且其焦距为常数 ,并由此提出了椭圆盒毛坯修边线的确定方法 ,模拟结果表明该法简单实用 另外还详细介绍了建模方法。

汽车覆盖件多工步成形数值模拟技术研究

有限元技术已广泛应用于力学过程仿真 ,对冲压等工程问题的应用也逐渐得到人们的重视与认可。然而 ,有限元技术在多工步成形中的应用尚处于起步阶段。本文讨论了多工步成形模拟过程中存在的几个关键问题 ,提出了相应的解决办法。并结合 NUMISHEET’ 99设定的奥迪汽车公司前门板成形标准考题模拟工作 ,对汽车覆盖件多工步成形数值模拟问题进行了具体的研究。

冲压件成形计算机模拟工艺参数优化方法研究

分析了常规有限元金属板料成形模拟的不足 ,提出了参数化有限元分析的概念 ,在对人工神经网络、遗传算法进行深入分析研究的基础上 ,采用参数化有限元分析方法进行分析 ,得到了训练样本。提出了采用人工神经网络技术建立冲压件成形多参数映射关系模型 ,采用遗传算法进行多参数组合优化 ,实现冲压件成形计算机模拟工艺参数优化的方法。实际应用结果表明 ,优化结果与试验结果基本吻合 ,该优化方案实用可行。

用动态显式有限元法对板材成形进行计算机模拟

介绍了动态显式有限元法的原理和特点 ,总结讨论了国际现有各种商用有限元软件的情况。采用显式有限元软件 L S- DYNA3D对板材零件冲压过程进行计算机模拟分析 ,预测冲压过程中可能出现的各种工艺缺陷 ,例如坯料的起皱、局部减薄和破裂 ,并以模拟结果为依据提出改进模具和工艺参数的办法 ,优化工艺参数 ,可以减少调试和修模的次数 ,以此实现降低模具费用、缩短制模时间、提高产品成品率和材料利用率 ,最终达到减少产品成本的目的。

板料成形中韧性断裂准则应用研究进展

对板料成形中的成形极限应力图、最大变薄率、成形极限图以及韧性断裂准则等预测成形极限的方法,进行了综述和分析.指出利用韧性断裂准则,不但能够较好地预测塑性差的板料成形极限,而且还能考虑应变路径的变化.利用有限元方法模拟时,韧性断裂准则既可以应用到完全耦合的弹塑性损伤模型的增量方法中,也可以应用到一步有限元逆算法中.为了准确地预测成形极限,除了提高有限元模拟精度外,应找到一种本质地反映材料性能的韧性断裂准则.

基于ABAQUS的金属板料激光冲击成形数值模拟

在激光冲击波加载转换模型的基础上,以有限元分析软件ABAQUS/CAE为平台,对圆形板料进行了直线形轨迹和圆形轨迹多点冲击成形的数值模拟,探索了冲击轨迹、应力分布和板料变形之间的相互关系。数值模拟分析表明,对圆形板料进行多点冲击成形时,选择圆形轨迹是最佳的。根据模拟结果对铝合金板料试样进行了无间隔冲击成形的实验,获得了和数值模拟相同的成形结果,模拟和实验结果一致性较好。

基于有限元的板料拉延成形质量评价准则及工艺参数优化研究

近年来,以有限元分析工具并结合优化算法来提高板料的成形性能已成为新的研究热点。然而,如何建立合理的板料成形质量评价准则以形成目标函数,从而量化冲压件的成形质量是其关键技术之一.该文在研究国内外现有的各种评价拉裂和起皱缺陷准则的基础上,提出了指数加权评价准则,该准则量化了单元落在成形极限图上不同区域和离安全区域距离远近不同分别对拉裂和起皱权值贡献的差异.结合方形盒标准考题验证了提出的评价准则的合理性.将该质量评价准则应用到了一个实际零件的成形优化研究中,优化的结果显著的提高了板料的成形性能.