Efficiency and Effectiveness Concepts Applied in Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Using Ethylene Glycol-Water Based Fluid in the Shell with Nanoparticles of Copper Oxide (CuO)

This article consists of an analytical solution for obtaining the outlet temperatures of the hot and cold fluids in a shell and tube heat exchanger. The system analyzed through the concepts of efficiency, effectiveness (ε-NTU), and irreversibility consisted of a shell and tube heat exchanger, with cold nanofluid flowing in the shell and hot water flowing in the tube. The nanofluid consists of 50% of ethylene glycol and water as the base fluid and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles in suspension. The volume fractions of the nanoparticles range from 0.1 to 0.5. The flow rate in the nanofluid ranges from 0.0331 to 0.0568 Kg/s, while two mass flow rates, from 0.0568 and 0.5 Kg/s, for the hot fluid, are used as parameters for analysis. Results for the efficiency, effectiveness, irreversibility, heat transfer rate, and outlet temperatures for cold and hot fluids were obtained graphically. The flow laminarization effect was observed through the results obtained and had significant relevance in the results.

Heat transfer enhancement of finned shell and tube heat exchanger using Fe_(2)O_(3)/water nanofluid

Heat transfer mechanisms and their thermal performances need to be comprehensively studied in order to optimize efficiency and minimize energy losses.Different nanoparticles in the base fluid are investigated to upgrade the thermal performance of heat exchangers.In this numerical study,a finned shell and tube heat exchanger has been designed and different volume concentrations of nanofluid were tested to determine the effect of utilizing nanofluid on heat transfer.Fe_(2)O_(3)/water nanofluids with volume concentration of 1%,1.5% and 2% were utilized as heat transfer fluid in the heat exchanger and the obtained results were compared with pure water.ANSYS Fluent software as a CFD method was employed in order to simulate the mentioned problem.Numerical simulation results indicated the successful utilization of nanofluid in the heat exchanger.Also,increasing the ratio of Fe_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles caused more increment in thermal energy without important pressure drop.Moreover,it was revealed that the highest heat transfer rate enhancement of 19.1% can be obtained by using nanofluid Fe_(2)O_(3)/water with volume fraction of 2%.

Efficiency and Effectiveness Thermal Analysis of the Shell and Helical Coil Tube Heat Exchanger Used in an Aqueous Solution of Ammonium Nitrate Solubility (<i>ANSOL</i>) with 20% H₂O and 80% <i>AN</i>

The case study is about obtaining the flow rate and saturation temperature of steam that makes it possible to heat a solution of water and ammonia nitrate (ANSOL) in a shell and helical coil tube heat exchanger, within a time interval, without that the crystallization of the ANSOL solution occurs. The desired production per batch of the solution is 5750 kg in 80 minutes. The analysis uses the concepts of efficiency and effectiveness to determine the heat transfer rate and temperature profiles that satisfy the imposed condition within a certain degree of safety and with the lowest possible cost in steam generation. Intermediate quantities necessary to reach the objective are the Reynolds number, Nusselt number, and global heat transfer coefficient for the shell and helical coil tube heat exchanger. Initially, the water is heated for a specified period and, subsequently, the ammonium nitrate is added to a given flow in a fixed mass flow rate.

Performance Assessment of a Shell Tube Evaporator for a Model Organic Rankine Cycle for Use in Geothermal Power Plant

The global energy demand increases with development and population rise. Most electrical power is currently generated by conventional methods from fossil fuels. Despite the high energy demand, the conventional energy resources such as fossil fuels have been declining and harmful combustion byproducts are causing global warming. The Organic Rankine Cycle power plant is a very effective option for utilization of low grade heat sources for power generation. In the Organic Rankine Cycle heat exchangers such as evaporators and condensers are key components that determine its performance. Researches indicated that shell tube heat exchangers are effectively utilized in this cycle. The design of the heat exchanger involves establishing the right flow pattern of the interacting fluids. The performance of these exchangers can be optimized by inserting baffles in the shell to direct the flow of fluid across the tubes on shell side. In this work heat exchangers have been developed to improve heat recovery from geothermal brine for additional power generation. The design involved sizing of heat exchanger (evaporator) using the LMTD method based on an expected heat transfer rate. The heat exchanger of the model power plant was tested in which hot water simulated brine. The results indicated that the heat exchanger is thermally suitable for the evaporator of the model power plant.

Theoretical Analysis of a Shell and Tubes Condenser with R134a Working Refrigerant and Water-Based Oxide of Aluminum Nanofluid (Al₂O₃)

The article analyzes a shell and tube type condenser’s thermal performance using concepts of efficiency and effectiveness. Freon 134a is used as a coolant flowing through the shell. Water or water-based aluminum oxide nanoparticles are at relatively low saturation pressure in the tube. The condenser consists of 36 tubes divided into three central regions for analysis: superheated steam, saturated steam, and subcooled liquid. The three regions contain four tubes with three steps each, that is, 12 tubes. Region I, superheated steam, includes three horizontal baffles. Profiles of temperature, efficiency, and effectiveness are presented graphically for the three regions, with fixed refrigerant flow equal to 0.20 kg/s and fluid flow rate in the tube ranging from 0.05 kg/s to 0.40 kg/s. The experimental result for vapor pressure equal to 1.2 MPa and water flow equal to 0.41 kg/s was used as one of the references for the model’s physical compatibility.

A SURVEY OF WORKS ON THE THEORY OF TOROIDAL SHELLS AND CURVED TUBES

This paper gives a survey of works on the theory of toroidal shells which were done by our two universities in recent years.

Effects of R134a Saturation Temperature on a Shell and Tube Condenser with the Nanofluid Flow in the Tube Using the Thermal Efficiency and Effectiveness Concepts

The work’s objective is to analyze the influence of the saturation temperature of the R134a refrigerant on the thermal performance of a shell and tube type condenser, with water and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles flowing into the tube. For analysis, the heat exchanger is subdivided into three regions: subcooled liquid, saturated steam, and superheated steam. The shell and tube heat exchanger assumed as the basis for the study has 36 tubes, with rows of 4 tubes in line and three passes into the tube in each region. The parameters used to analyze the performance are efficiency and effectiveness, through variations of quantities such as saturation temperature, the nanofluid’s mass flow rate, fraction in the nanoparticles’ volume, and the number of passes in the tube in each region of the heat exchanger. The obtained results demonstrate that the efficiency is relatively high in all the analyzed situations. In each saturation temperature, the effectiveness can be increased by introducing fractions of nanoparticles in the water or increasing the number of passes in the tube.

Industrial Elaboration by Extrusion of PVC Tubes Loaded with Micronized Dura Palm Kernel Shell Powder

We present in this work how to use the dura palm kernel shell powders as loads for the elaboration by extrusion of PVC tubes. The transformation of dura palm kernel shells into micronized shell powder as well as its characterization was the subject of recent work. We carried out, the formulations by using the industrial scales of precision, the mixtures of the instrants with an industrial machine of mark HENSHLLE N˚2 MAIN 570762, the routine tests by ATG/DSC then by IRTF, the extrusion of the tubes with an extruder twin-screw with 9 rooms of transformation finally the tests of conformity by the observations and the analyses. We obtained for the formulations the dosage of 0%, 4.01%, 12.54%, 23.03%, 32.01%, 38.01%, 51.02% representing the percentage of hull powder in the mixture, the machine mixing gave perfectly homogeneous powders, the routine tests showed that the hull powder keeps all its properties until the end of the shaping whatever the percentage of hulls contained in the PVC, the extrusion gave tubes for each formulation and the conformity tests gave perfectly round tubes of diameter 90 × 82 mm, a coloration going from white grey at 0% to dark black at 51.02% showing the influence of the carbon black and the color of the shell powder according to its proportion. The infrared of the tubes obtained shows for each formulation a variation of the CH2 and CH bonds and a decrease of the −OH bonds. The thermogravimetric analyses and the differential calorimetric analyses of the tubes of each formulation, show each time that the quantity of shell powders in the mixture influences the PVC tubes obtained. Thus, we obtain a variation of the phase temperatures according to the dosage, giving from 108.72˚C to 76.56˚C for the glass transition temperature and from 494.71˚C to 414.56˚C for the melting temperature, at the DSC and a progressive decrease of the mass following the heat absorption with each time 4 phases instead of 5 for the unloaded PVC tubes at the ATG according to the dosage.

Design of Portable Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger for a Solar Powered Water Distiller

This study presents theoretical considerations and results of a portable shell and tube heat exchanger in a solar water distiller system. The device is composed of a glass heat exchanger, which served as a condenser for vapor condensing which were produced in black paint solar absorber. It was also composed of a tank for water source and a tank for produced distilled water. Shell and tube was designed and simulated using an implicit numerical scheme. Simulation results showed that accumulated mass water greatly depended on the inlet vapor temperature and volume, heat exchanger material, coolant water temperature and volume. Thus, changing the material from stainless steel to glass in the same condition （vapor temperature, vapor volume, coolant temperature and coolant volume）. These inexpensive shell and tube heat exchangers permitted to produce 40 litre/day, distilled water from vapor with 378 K inlet temperature in atmosphere pressure. If inlet pressure increases, vapor temperature will decline and thereupon, heat exchanger＇s efficiency tangibility will increase.

Mathematical Modelling of Operating Temperature Variations of Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger (10-E-01)

The technique of modeling operating temperature variations of shell-and-tube heat exchanger 10-E-01 of kerosene-crude oil streams of Port Harcourt refinery crude distillation unit is presented in this research. Appropriate first-order model equations were developed applying principles of energy balance. The differential equations developed for the process streams which exchanged heat was evaluated numerically to predict the temperature variations as a function of time. The relevant parameters associated with typical heat exchanger works were calculated using plant data of 10-E-02. The model strives to predict the final kerosene temperature from 488 to 353.6 K. While the crude oil streams temperature rose from 313 to 353.6 K. The developed model enables the operator to predict the final temperature at the kerosene hydro-treating unit and thereby prevent regular emergency shutdowns due to excessive temperature rise.

Shell型旋风管内气相流场的数值模拟

应用Fluent软件中的雷诺应力输运模型(RSM)对shell型旋风管内的三维强旋湍流气相流场进行了数值计算。计算值与实验值对比结果表明,二者吻合较好,验证了数值模拟的可靠性。通过数值计算,分析了排气管附近的短路流以及排尘口处的颗粒夹带返混现象。

Application of Non-homogeneous Solution for Equations of Slender Ring Shells to Overall-Bending Problem of Ω-Shaped Bellows

A linear complex equation for slender ring shells overall bending in a meridian plane is given based on E. L. Axelrad's theory of flexible shells. And the non homogeneous solution is obtained from W. Z. Chien's solution for axial symmetrical slender ring shells to investigate the overall bending problem of Ω shaped bellows subjected to pure bending moments. The values calculated in the present paper are very close to the existing experiment. Thus Chien's work on axial symmetrical problems for ring shells has been extended to overall bending problems.

COMPLEX EQUATIONS OF FLEXIBLE CIRCULAR RINGSHELLS OVERALL_BENDING IN A MERIDIAN PLANE AND GENERAL SOLUTION FOR THE SLENDER RING SHELLS

Complex equations of circular ring shells and slender ring shells overall-bending in a meridian plane are presented based on E. L. Axelrad's equations of flexible shells of revolution render asymmetrical lending. It turns out that the equations are analogous to Novozhilov's equations of symmetrical ring shells, where general sollutions have been given by W. Z. Chien. Therefore, by analogy with Chien's solution, a general solution for equations of the slender ring shells is put forward, which can be used to salve bellow's overall-bending problems.

Thin-Walled Tube Extension by Rigid Curved Punch

Computer model is developed for non-steady and steady-state process of thin-walled tube extension by the rigid punch with curved profile. Rigid-plastic membrane shell theory with quadratic yield criterion is used. Tube material normal anisotropy, work hardening, wall thickness variation and friction effects are considered. FORTRAN programs of the model predict distributions of the thickness, meridian stress, yield stress and pressure along curved generator of deformed tube and the tube extension force versus punch displacement relation. Model predictions are correlated with experimental data.

基于Aspen EDR的管壳式换热器工艺选型设计教学实践

管壳式换热器工艺选型设计是化工过程中设备设计的重要环节之一。为了避免手工计算中繁琐的计算和复杂的校核问题,以无相变的乙醇冷却器为例,探讨Aspen EDR软件在管壳式换热器工艺选型设计中的实践应用。通过Aspen EDR软件的教学示范,激发学生学习积极性和主动性,提升学生运用理论知识分析和解决复杂化学工程问题的能力,强化专业软件应用能力。

不同螺旋缠绕异形管换热器壳程性能数值研究

缠绕管的形状对螺旋缠绕管换热器的传热能力有重要影响,本文建立了具有不同截面形状的螺旋缠绕管换热器模型,数值研究了八种不同截面形状的缠绕管对螺旋缠绕管换热器壳程流动与传热性能的影响。相比于传统圆管,三叶管和水滴管对壳程流体造成的扰动较大,增强了螺旋缠绕管换热器的综合换热性能,而三叶管则具有最大换热能力。进一步分析了不同冲刷方式对螺旋三叶管换热器和螺旋水滴管换热器壳程性能的影响,结果表明:在相同的进口工况下,螺旋三叶管换热器壳程努塞尔数相比于传统圆管提高了11.8%~15.5%,阻力系数增大了41.9%~49.6%;螺旋水滴管换热器壳程努塞尔数相比于传统圆管提高了2.8%~4.3%,阻力系数增大了3.2%~6.8%;在雷诺数为2 603~5 206的工况条件下,管截面与流动方向夹角为0°的三叶管换热器综合换热性能最好,而管截面与流动方向呈逆流形式的水滴管换热器综合换热性能优于顺流形式。

海洋平台换热器橇海水系统超级双相钢耐蚀分析

集合国外行业标准和国内使用经验,对海洋石油平台管壳式换热器橇内海水系统超级双相钢管线频繁泄漏进行研究,探析冶金状态、海水温度、焊接特性、材料污染为超级双相钢在海水系统中腐蚀泄漏的主要原因。从系统工艺、冶金、焊接、运行等方面分别提出减少泄漏风险的方法,并在后续设备改造中得到良好的应用。

基于内管移动的卧式管壳式相变储热器储热性能优化研究

相变储热技术能够实现对固态储放氢过程热量的回收和供给,实现固态储氢罐内的自热平衡,提高储放氢性能。研究针对卧式管壳式相变储热器,提出了一种新型的内管偏心放置绕中心轴线旋转的运动方式,采用Fluent数值模拟软件,基于动网格技术编写了用户自定义函数UDF,重点研究了内管偏心距离与旋转速度对储热性能的影响。结果表明:与传统中心内管静止布置相比,偏心内管的旋转运动能够显著提高储热性能,当偏心距离为9 mm,旋转速度为0.10 r/min时,储热时间达到最小值,储热时间减少了92.16%,时间平均储热速率是内管静止布置的11.51倍;当偏心距离为9 mm,旋转速度由0.30 r/min减少至0.10 r/min时,储热时间减少了13.57%;当旋转速度为0.10 r/min,偏心距离由3 mm增至9 mm时,储热时间减少了70.48%。该研究结果可为卧式管壳式相变储热器在储氢领域的性能优化研究提供新思路。

基于中低温相变材料的管壳式储热单元传热性能数值分析

针对管壳式相变储热单元换热效率低的问题,设计一种带有径向矩形翅片的复合盐管壳式相变储热单元,进行数值模拟并与实验研究对比验证,然后选择适当的性能指标分析模拟结果。采用ANSYS FLUENT进行三维瞬态仿真,改变换热流体入口温度及储热单元翅片间距进行储热过程的数值计算,对相变材料温度变化、传热过程及熔化情况进行对比分析。结果表明:提高换热流体温度和缩小翅片间距是有效强化换热的手段。在本工作中,换热流体与相变材料复合盐CH_(3)COONa·3H_(2)O-KCl相变温差每增加5℃,相变材料熔化速率分别提升54.98%、 34.67%、 23.92%、 18.13%、 14.45%,潜热储热速率分别提升61.56%、 45.79%、 35.15%、27.04%、22.31%,速率提升效果均逐渐减弱。翅片间距每缩短10 mm,相变材料熔化速率分别提升32.37%、41.26%、38.66%,储热量随之减少6.40%、11.95%、6.55%,储能密度降低0.53%、10.97%、1.57%,实际应用中需综合换热能力、成本等方面问题选择合适的翅片间距。本工作可为实际工程中储热单元的设计优化提供理论支持。