温肾通督方促进小鼠脊髓损伤的修复

背景:前期研究证实,温肾通督方可通过抑制脾脏B细胞焦亡、促进微血管内皮细胞吞噬髓鞘碎片、影响小胶质细胞迁移和浸润、促进受损神经元恢复、降低脊髓损伤后神经元凋亡等促进脊髓损伤恢复,但其机制尚不明确。目的:探讨温肾通督方对脊髓损伤小鼠髓系细胞触发受体2(triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2,TREM2)及PI3K/Akt信号通路的影响。方法:取36只C57BL/6小鼠,采用随机数字表法分为假手术组、模型组、温肾通督方组,每组12只。模型组与温肾通督方组采用改良Allen’s法制备小鼠T10脊髓损伤模型,造模后第1天,温肾通督方组灌胃给予温肾通督方,假手术组、模型组灌胃给予生理盐水,每天1次,连续给药28 d。给药期间,通过BMS评分和斜板实验评价各组小鼠运动功能;造模后第7,28天,采用苏木精-伊红染色观察各组小鼠脊髓组织病理变化,免疫荧光染色双标法检测脊髓组织离子化钙结合适配分子1(ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1,IBA1)、TREM2蛋白表达,Western blot检测脊髓组织TREM2、PI3K、p-PI3K、Akt、p-Akt、Bcl2、Bax、Caspase3蛋白表达。结果与结论:①BMS评分和斜板实验结果表明,脊髓损伤造模后小鼠后肢运动功能下降,而经过温肾通督方治疗后,脊髓损伤小鼠后肢运动功能明显提升。②苏木精-伊红染色结果显示,与模型组比较,温肾通督方小鼠脊髓组织病理结构明显改善,表现为背侧白质和神经元萎缩程度、细胞质空泡化降低及炎性细胞浸润减少等。③免疫荧光染色结果显示,造模后第7天,模型组IBA1、TREM2蛋白表达均低于假手术组(P<0.05),温肾通督方组IBA1、TREM2蛋白表达均高于模型组(P<0.05);造模后第28天,模型组TREM2蛋白表达低于假手术组(P<0.05),温肾通督方组小鼠脊髓组织中的TREM2蛋白表达高于模型组(P<0.05)。④Western blot检测结果表明,造模后第7天,与假手术组相比,模型组TREM2、Akt蛋白表达及Bcl2/Bax比值降低(P<0.05),p-Akt、Bax蛋白表达及p-Akt/Akt比值升高(P<0.05);与模型组相比,温肾通督方组TREM2、PI3K、p-PI3K、Akt、p-Akt、Bcl2蛋白表达及p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Ak、Bcl2/Bax比值升高(P<0.05),Bax、Caspase3蛋白表达降低(P<0.05)。造模后第28天,与假手术组相比,模型组TREM2、PI3K、p-PI3K、Akt、p-Akt、Bcl2蛋白表达及Bcl2/Bax比值降低(P<0.05),Bax蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);与模型组相比,温肾通督方组TREM2、PI3K、Akt、p-Akt、Bcl2蛋白表达及Bcl2/Bax比值升高(P<0.05),Bax蛋白表达降低(P<0.05)。⑤结果表明,温肾通督方可能通过上调小胶质细胞TREM2激活PI3K/Akt信号通路,抑制神经元凋亡发挥神经保护作用,进而促进脊髓损伤的修复。

1995年浙江渔场秋季鲐Shen鱼渔讯特点分析

本文分析１９９５年秋鲐Ｓｈｅｎ渔特点，气候，海况与经济渔汛的关系，并讨论了鲐Ｓｈｅｎ 鱼的资源状况和利用对策，踞渔场形成的主要指标，提高恢复发展灯围作业的建设。

金介甫传记艺术的时间维度透视——以英文原作The Odyssey of Shen Congwen为考察中心

金介甫在学界有"国外沈从文研究第一人"的美称,其中一个重要原因就是其英文著作《沈从文传》的成功和影响力。《沈从文传》是一部既给人史实感,又具备可读性的文学大师的传记。金介甫在该部传记中,巧妙地运用了对叙事时间的调控艺术从而保障了整个作品的真实性和文学性。金介甫的叙事时间调控艺术主要体现在三个方面:首先,在交代传主的生平故事时采用自然叙事时间和时间凸显的手法;其次,为凸显沈从文的文学成就和彰显沈从文作品的艺术价值,采用了转换时距的办法;最后,为了突出沈从文地方作家文学大师的形象,采用叙事频率变更的手法,从而确保对传主生平事实的合理选取。

1997年东海北部鲐Shen鱼和虾类资源动态

本文根据１９９７年鲐Ｓｈｅｎ鱼和虾类营养监测资料，分析了东海北部鲐Ｓｈｅｎ鱼和虾类资源动态的特点。１９９７年浙江省鲐Ｓｈｅｎ鱼产量１２．０４万元，虾类产量６２．５万吨，分别比上年增长１６．３％和１７．０％，１９９７年冬春季，沿海气候海况条件良好，水温偏高，沿岸冲淡水势力偏弱，外海高盐水势力强盛，有利于鱼卵，稚鱼和虾类的生长发育，资源发生量增多，是１９９７年渔业生产形势好的主要原因之一。

编写《钱学森手稿》和翻译《Story of Hsue-shen Tsien》解说词的体会

介绍笔者在编写《钱学森手稿》和翻译电视片《Story of Hsue-shen Tsien》英文解说词的体会,包括:1.钱学森在研究工作中所体现的科学精神;2.熟悉专业知识在科技翻译工作中的重要性等。

Clinical Efficacy and Molecular Mechanism of Nourishing Shen and Supplementing Marrow Principle in Treating β Thalassemia

Objective: To explore the possibility of using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in treating β thalassemia, its clinical effect and molecular mechanism of the action.Methods: According to the TCM theory of“Shen producing marrow”, the composite recipe, Yisui Shenxueling Granule (YSSXL), consisting of Chinese drugs for nourishing Shen and supplementing marrow (NS&SM) was given orally to 7 8 patients with β thalassemia (49 of the severe type and 29 of moderate type ), 3 times a day, 10 g each time (for children, the dose would be reduced proper ly), with 3 months as one therapeutic course, and no blood transfusion used in t he course. The clinical therapeutic efficacy and hematologic parameters in patie nts were observed, and systemic gene analysis was conducted with PAGE, PCR, PCR SSCP, RT PCR and DNA sequences analysis and mRNA detection, in order to s tudy the molecular mechanism from the relationships between genetic mutation and clinical efficacy, gene expression and its regulation. Results: YSSXL showed obvious therapeutic effect in treating β thalassemia. Gene analysis revealed that it did not change the genetic mutatio n type, but could obviously increase hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin (HbF), γ/(β+ γ) globin ratio, γ globin mRNA expression and GM CSF mRNA expression in patients, as well as the GM CSFmRMA in marrow of mice after 60 Co radia tion. Conclusion: YSSXL has a remarkable therapeutic effect on β tha lassemia, and its possible mechanism is its action in unlocking γ gene, in creasing the γ globin expression and enhancing HbF synthesis so as to compe nsate for the gene defect. This study has opened a new path for the treatment of β thalassemia with TCM.

Gan Shen Fu Fang ameliorates liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the inflammatory response and extracellular signalregulated kinase phosphorylation

BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a common health problem worldwide and there is still a lack of effective medicines.The Chinese herbal medicine,Gan Shen Fu Fang(GSFF)is composed of salvianolic acid B and diammonium glycyrrhizinate.In this study,we observed the effects of GSFF on liver fibrosis in vivo and in vitro in an attempt to provide some hope for the treatment.AIM To observe the effects of GSFF on liver fibrosis in vivo and in vitro and investigate the mechanism from the perspective of the inflammatory response and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)phosphorylation.METHODS Common bile duct-ligated rats were used for in vivo experiments.Hepatic stellate cells-T6(HSC-T6)cells were used for in vitro experiments.Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson staining,biochemical assays,hydroxyproline(Hyp)assays,enzyme-linked immunoasorbent assay and western blotting were performed to evaluate the degree of liver fibrosis,liver function,the inflammatory response and ERK phosphorylation.The CCK8 assay,immunofluorescence and western blotting were applied to test the effect of GSFF on HSC-T6 cell activation and determine whether GSFF had an effect on ERK phosphorylation in HSC-T6 cells.RESULTS GSFF improved liver function and inhibited liver fibrosis in common bile ductligated rats after 3 wk of treatment,as demonstrated by histological changes,hydroxyproline assays and collagen I concentrations.GSFF alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration and reduced the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines[tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interlukin-1β]and NF-κB.In addition,GSFF decreased ERK phosphorylation.In vitro,GSFF inhibited the viability of HSC-T6 cells with and without transforming growth factorβ1(TGF-β1)stimulation and decreased the synthesis of collagen I.GSFF had the greatest effect at a concentration of 0.5μmol/L.GSFF inhibited the expression ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),a marker of HSC activation,in HSC-T6 cells.Consistent with the in vivo results,GSFF also inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK and downregulated the expression of NF-κB.CONCLUSION GSFF inhibited liver fibrosis progression in vivo and HSC-T6 cell activation in vitro.These effects may be related to an alleviated inflammatory response and downregulated ERK phosphorylation.

解放眉足蟹(Blepharipoda liberate Shen)形态特征观察

为研究解放眉足蟹形态学特征(包括雌雄外部形态差异),补充国内解放眉足蟹相关资料的空缺,通过对采集到的野生活体进行解剖及显微观察,对成体口前板、组成口器的各个部分、第四步足、肛门及雌雄差异等进行了研究。口前板位于头胸部腹面第一、二触角的后方,口器的前方。口器由大、小颚及3对颚足共同组成,大颚单枝型,大颚须3节;第一小颚单枝型;第二小颚双枝型,内肢即小颚须棒状,外肢很发达,形成颚舟叶;第一颚足双枝型,内肢1节,外肢2节,具有上肢;第二颚足双枝型,内肢5节,外肢3节;第三颚足双枝型,内肢5节,外肢3节。胸足4对,均为单枝型,第1对为螯足,后3对为步足。腹部共7节(包括尾节),尾节无附肢,腹面有一肛门。腹部共6对腹肢,第6腹节的1对附肢与尾节共同形成尾扇,司游泳功能,是解放眉足蟹唯一的游泳器官。雌雄差异明显,生殖孔1对,雌体位于第二步足基节腹面,雄体则位于第四步足基节上;第2–5对腹肢,雌性双枝型,雄性单枝型。与虾蟹比较,其没有腹甲,头胸部腹面更近似于虾类,但背部形态又更接近蟹类。其腹部没有蟹类的腹甲沟及用于锁住腹部的搭扣,故腹部常常处于半伸展状态。第四步足则位于腹部第一腹节上,与虾蟹类明显不同。另外,观察发现其腮部及身体外表各部位均附着有双壳类软体动物。

Changes of Precipitation Infiltration Recharge in the Circumstances of Coal Mining Subsidence in the Shen-Dong Coal Field,China

Coal mining subsidence is a universal environmental-geological problem in mining areas. By selecting the Shen-Dong coal mining subsidence area as the research field, this paper studies the changes in precipitation infiltration recharge in the circumstances of coal mining subsidence by means of field geological investigation and laboratory simulation experiments, which is expected to provide a scientific basis for eco-environmental restoration in the mining area. The results indicate that at the unstable stage of subsidence, three types of subsidence in the Shen-Dong mining area have positive effects on the precipitation infiltration recharge, and the type of full-thickness bedrock subsidence has the greatest influence. In the stable stage of subsidence, the precipitation infiltration process after long- term drought and the moisture migration in the aeration zone undergo three different stages： evaporation-infiltration before precipitation, infiltration-upward infiltration-infiltration during precipitation and evaporation-infiltration after precipitation. During a heavy rainfall infiltration process, the wetting front movement in fine sand, coarse sand and dualistic structure of fine-coarse sand consists of two stages： the stage of wetting front movement during precipitation, in which the wetting front movement distance has linear relationship with the depth, and the stage of wetting front movement after precipitation, in which the wetting front movement distance has the power function relationship with the depth. The wetting front movement velocity is influenced by the rainfall amount and the lithology in the aeration zone. However, as the depth increases, the movement velocity will decay exponentially.

Clinical Study on Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease from the Vie wpoint of Xin and Shen

Objective: To explore the therapeutic mechanism of Tiaoxin Recipe and Bushen Recipe (BSR, ) in treating Alzheimer’s d isease (AD). Methods: Sixty patients with AD were divided into 3 groups according to their MMSE and ADL scores before treatment, using randomized block design. They were treated separately with TXR, BSR and Donepezil (Dp) for 12 weeks. The changes of MMSE score, ADL score, neuro-psychology amount table score, including FOM, RVR, DS and BD, as well as the overall operational evaluation before and after treatment were analyzed. Results: The recognition and daily life capacity of patients in the 3 groups were improved after treatment. MMSE score in the TXR group increased from 16.10±1.94 scores before treatment to 17 90±2 59 scores after treatment, in the BSR group, from 16 15±2 16 to 17 50±2 59, and in the Dp group, from 17 35±1 90 to 19 60±3 39, all showed significant difference (all P<0 01). Change of ADL score showed that in the TXR group, it lowere d from 43 10±3 86 to 41 50±4 40, in the BSR group from 43 30±4 53 to 41 60±4 12 and in the Dp group, from 42 95±3 58 to 40 60±5 23, which also showed significan t difference (P<0 05 or P<0 01). Moreover, increase of FOM, RVR and DS score was shown in the TXR and the Dp group, and increase of RVR and BD score was shown in the BSR group, with significant difference in compar ison of corresponding score before and after treatment, inter-groups comparison showed significant difference of FOM score between the BSR and the Dp group ( P<0 01). Overall operational evaluation (total effective rate) in the TXR group was 70%, in the BSR group 65% and in Dp group 75%, with no significant difference among them. Conclusion: TXR and BSR are effective TCM drugs in treating AD

Experimental Study on Observation of Hemorheologic Parameters of Hydrocortisone Caused Shen-Yang Deficiency in Rat Models

Objective:To explore the relationship between Shen deficiency and blood stasis. Methods: Using consecutive intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone to build Shen-yang deficiency model rats, and detect their hemorheological and biochemical parameters. Results: Comparison between the model group and control group showed that the in vitro thrombus significantly lengthened in the model group (P<0.05), the dry weight increased (P<0.01), hematocrit and whole blood viscosity under high sheared change lowered (P<0.05), blood glucose elevated (P<0.01), and RBC infiltration index, aggregation index increased (P close to 0.05). Conclusion: Under the condition of Shen-yang deficiency, although blood does not show such properties of blood stasis as being 'viscous, concentrated, coagulated and aggregated', partial change of hemorheology occurs, and it is liable to form thrombus, which proves that the Shen deficiency status is accompanied with the tendency of blood stasis.

Effect and Underlying Mechanism of Bu-Shen-An-Tai Recipe on Ovarian Apoptosis in Mice with Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation Implantation Dysfunction

The effect and underlying mechanism of Bu-Shen-An-Tai recipe on ovarian apoptosis in mice with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation(COH) implantation dysfunction were studied. The COH implantation dysfunction model in mice was established by intraperitoneal injection of 7.5 IU pregnant mare’s serum gonadotrophin(PMSG), followed by 7.5 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin(HCG) 48 h later. Then the female mice were mated with male at a ratio of 2:1 in the same cage at 6:00 p.m. The female mice from normal group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline and mated at the corresponding time. Day 1 of pregnancy was recorded by examining its vaginal smears at 8:00 a.m. of the next day. Fifty successfully pregnant mice were equally randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control pregnant group(NC), COH implantation dysfunction model group(COH), low dosage of Bu-Shen-An-Tai recipe group(LOW), middle dosage of Bu-Shen-An-Tai recipe group(MID) and high dosage of Bu-Shen-An-Tai recipe group(HIGH). Then from day 1, the mice in different groups were respectively intragastrically given corresponding treatments at 9:00 a.m. for 5 consecutive days. The concentrations of 17β-estradiol(E) and progesterone(P) were determined by radioimmunoassay(RIA). The ultrastructural changes of ovarian tissues were observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM). The histopathological changes of ovarian tissues were observed by HE staining. The number of atretic follicles and pregnant corpus luteum were also recorded. TUNEL was applied to measure apoptotic cells of ovarian tissues. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of apoptosis-related factors like Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved-caspase-3 in ovarian tissue of mice. The results showed that ovarian weight, the concentrations of Eand P, the number of atretic follicles and pregnant corpus luteum, as well as the apoptosis of granulosa cells were significantly increased in the COH group. The ultrastructures of ovarian tissues in the COH group showed that chromatin in granulosa cells was increased, agglutinated, aggregated or crescent-shaped. The focal cavitation and the typical apoptotic bodies could be seen in granulosa cells in the late stage of apoptosis. After the treatment with different doses of Bu-Shen-An-Tai recipe, the ultrastructural changes of ovarian granulosa cells apoptosis were dramatically improved and even disappeared under TEM. Visible mitochondria and mitochondrial cristae were increased and vacuoles were significantly reduced. The lipid dropltes were shown in a circluar or oval shape. The protein expression levels of Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 were decreased, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein was increased after treatment. It was concluded that Bu-Shen-An-Tai recipe can inhibit the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells, probably by up-regulating the protein expression of Bcl-2 and down-regulating Bax and cleaved-caspase-3, which contributes to the formation and maintenance of ovarian corpus luteum. It’s helpful to promote the embryonic implantation, to reduce embryo loss and ultimately to improve the success rate of pregnancy.

EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES OF “SHEN YAN LING” IN TREATMENT OF CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

“Shen Yan Ling”(SYL 肾炎灵) is a compoundherbal preparation consisting of 16 ingredients:HerbaEcliptae,Radix Rhemanniae,Rhizoma Cibotii,RadixAngelica Sinensis,Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong,Radix Paeoniac Rubra,Rhizoma Diosocoreae,Poria,Radix Sanguisorbae,Radix Rubiae,Herba Portulacae,Fructus Gardeniae,Herba Cirsii Japonici,HerbaCephalanoploris.etc.In animal experiments,SYLwas shown to have therapeutic effect for Masugi’snephritis models.It has also been used with satis-factory results in the treatment of 314 cases of chronicglomerulonephritis of the common type with manifes-tations of Yin deficiency and endogenous heat.

Shen in Acupuncture for Chronic Pain

Chronic pain is one of the major complaints from patients seen in all acupuncture clinics.The most common principle to treat pain with acupuncture is to activate channels to relieve pain;however,little attention has been paid to treating the patient’s shen when treating their pain.This article is an introduction to the incorporation of the treatment of shen when treating chronic pain with acupuncture.The discussion of the shen and its treatments in this article are based on the review and study of the theories and principles in the ancient classics of traditional Chinese medicine.Shen is the interaction between yin and yang.Shen is the governor of life;it controls all physical and mental activities.Shen enables us to feel pain.The disorders of shen in pain sufferers can negatively affect how they feel or recognize pain,how they response to pain and how they report their pain level.We should pay more attention to the treatment of patient’s shen during the entire treatment course of chronic pain.Guarding shen is the key to acupuncture efficacy;the essential principles are harmonizing yin and yang by needling techniques and regulating hun and po at the needling sites.

Philosophy and Philology:Two Approaches of Commentating the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing(Shen Nong's Classic of the Materia Medica)in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

This paper tests the hypothesis that the commentary trend of the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing(Shen Nong’s Classic of the Materia Medica)arises alongside the fashionable philology of the time,or the aversion against the Jin-Yuan medical philosophy.After surveying 12 major commentaries,it is concluded that the situation is more complicated than a simple assertion.The seemingly opposite philosophy and philology approaches have been used eclectically to innovate the understanding of ancient traditional Chinese medicine texts.

Demonstration of a Shock-Timing Experiment in a CH Layer at the Shen Guang Ⅲ Laser Facility

Shock-timing experiments are indispensable to inertial confinement fusion mainly because the timing of multiple shock waves is crucial to understanding the processes of laser irradiation of targets. Investigations into shock waves driven by a two-step radiation pulse in polystyrene（CH） capsule targets are experimentally conducted at the Shen Guang Ⅱ laser facility. Differing from the traditional shock-timing implementation in which one shock wave could catch up with another one in solid CH, in this experiment, the second shock front in a rarefaction CH layer is observed through velocity interferometry. This second shock could also be made to converge with rarefaction waves within only a few micrometers of the CH capsule by designing the two-shock coalescence time. A shock-timing diagnostic technique to tune the multi-shock convergence in the CH capsule can thereby be achieved.The experimental results in the CH layer are quasi-quantitatively interpreted using streamlines simulated with the Multi-1 D program. The experimental results are expected to offer important information for target structure and laser pulse design, both of which are important for realizing inertial confinement fusion.

Speech by Mme.Shen Xue,President of the Chinese Figure Skating Association,Olympic Champion of Figure Skating

Your Excellency Vice-Chairman Ji Bingxuan,Ladies and Gentlemen,Friends,Good afternoon!I’m Shen Xue,President of the Chinese Figure Skating Association.It is so delighted for me to be invited to this Dialogue on Exchanges and Mutual Learning among Civilisations.The topic of my speech is:"Let sports and the spirit of sports burst out a strong force in carrying forward the shared values of mankind."