Dynamic Simulation and Valve Structure Optimization of an Electro-Hydraulic Clutch Shift Control System in an Automatic Transmission

The electro-hydraulic clutch control system controls the transferred torque of gear-shifting clutches in clutch-to-clutch transmissions. A nonlinear dynamic model of an electro-hydraulic clutch shift control system is presented. The mechanical and fluid subsystems of all valves are investigated, including their interactions. Model validation of the electro-hydraulic valve system is performed by comparing the simulated and measured pressure curves. The dynamic characteristics of the electro-hydraulic clutch shift control system with different supply pressures and different fluid temperatures are simulated and evaluated. It is found that pipes which are often ignored between the electro-hydraulic valve system and the clutch piston,have strong influence on clutch piston chamber pressures. In order to satisfy the required time and reduce the fluctuation of the clutch piston chamber pressures,the orifices' diameters and valve structure are optimized.

Coordinated shift control of nonsynchronizer transmission for electric vehicles based on dynamic tooth alignment

Multispeed transmissions can enhance the dynamics and economic performance of electric vehicles(EVs),but the coordinated control of the drive motor and gear shift mechanism during gear shifting is still a difficult challenge because gear shifting may cause discomfort to the occupants.To improve the swiftness of gear shifting,this paper proposes a coordinated shift control method based on the dynamic tooth alignment(DTA)algorithm for nonsynchronizer automated mechanical transmissions(NSAMTs)of EVs.After the speed difference between the sleeve(SL)and target dog gear is reduced to a certain value by speed synchronization,angle synchronization is adopted to synchronize the SL quickly to the target tooth slofs angular position predicted by the DTA.A two-speed planetary NS AMT is taken as an example to carry out comparative simulations and bench experiments.Results show that gear shifting duration and maximum jerk are reduced under the shift control with the proposed method,which proves the effectiveness of the proposed coordinated shift control method with DTA.

Gear downshift control of inverse-automatic mechanical transmission of electric vehicle

In order to improve the driving dynamics and riding comfort of pure electric vehicles,taking a two-speed I-AMT(Inverse-Automatic Mechanical Transmission)with rear friction clutch as the research object,a gear shift strategy,which consists of the open-loop control of the clutch position control and the closed-loop control of the drive motor speed control,is proposed.Considering the inherent time-delay and external disturbances within the motor speed adjustment system,a two DOF(degree-of-freedom)Smith predictor with feedforward input is designed to track the target speed of the drive motor.The feedforward input is used to eliminate the influence of clutch sliding friction on the motor speed control,while the feedback speed tracking controller is applied to realize the speed tracking performance with the existence of time-delay and the external disturbance.In order to verify the effectiveness of the gear shift control strategy and the accuracy of the two DOF Smith controller with feedforward control,simulation results comparison is firstly carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the control scheme.Then,a light pure electric vehicle equipped with I-AMT was used for downshift experiments under large throttle,which is the most difficult working scenario to control the transmission.The experimental results show that the two DOF Smith controller can eliminate the influence of time-delay on the closed-loop control,and the proposed whole gear shift control strategy can limit the clutch slippage time within 1.5 s,resulting in a smaller shift jerk,thus guarantee the driving dynamics and riding comfort simultaneously.

Control of entanglement between two atoms by the Stark shift

Considering a quantum model consisting of two effective two-level atoms and a single-mode cavity, this paper investigates the entanglement dynamics between the two atoms, and studies the effect of the Stark shift on the entanglement. The results show that, on the one hand the atom-atom entanglement evolves periodically with time and the periods are affected by the Stark shift; on the other hand, the two atoms are not disentangled at any time when the Stark shift is considered, and for large values of the Stark shift parameter, the two atoms can remain in a stationary entangled state. In addition, for the initially partially entangled atomic state, the atom-atom entanglement can be greatly enhanced due to the presence of Stark shift. These properties show that the Stark shift can be used to control entanglement between two atoms.

Optimal tracking control for automatic transmission shift process

In order to improve the shift quality, a linear quadratic optimal tracking control algorithm for automatic transmission shift process is proposed. The dynamic equations of the shift process are derived using a Lagrange method. And a powertrain model is built in the Matlab/Simulink and veri- fied by the measurements. Considering the shift jerk and friction loss during the shift process, the tracking trajectories of the turbine speed and output shaft speed are defined. Furthermore, the linear quadratic optimal tracking control performance index is proposed. Based on the Pontryagin＇ s mini- mum principle, the optimal control law of the shift process is presented. Finally, the simulation study of the 1 - 2 upshift process under different load conditions is carried out with the powertrain model. The simulation results demonstrate that the shift jerk and friction loss can be significantly re- duced by applying the proposed optimal tracking control method.

Study on Control of Pneumatic Selecting and Shifting Actuators Using Rapid Control Prototyping

A gearbox in-the-loop control platform using dSPACE real-time system is designed for the study on the control technology of pneumatic selecting and shifting actuators based on rapid control prototyping.The operational principle of such actuators was analyzed using dSPACE hardware and software,resulting in a better knowledge of the logical relationship among solenoid valves,gear positions of cylinders and system input/output.Based on these,a control model was developed under the Matlab/Simulink environment and rapidly improved to meet requirements through experiments.Relevant tests have shown that analysis efficiency on selecting and shifting actuators could be raised and development of control strategy facilitated.

Shifting force control of an AMT heavy-duty truck based on manual shift test

Taking a heavy-duty truck as a research platform,the changing characteristics of shifting force,shift time,and slipping work are obtained through theoretical analysis and manual shift test of a real vehicle. Based on the analysis of the test results,a gear-shifting control strategy of the hydraulic automated shift control system is designed and experimentally verified on the bench. By optimizing the control parameters of high-speed switching valves,a control strategy and parameters are obtained,which can meet the requirements of dynamic performance and reliability.

One step to generate quantum controlled phase-shift gate using a trapped ion

This paper presents a very simple scheme for generating quantum controlled phase-shift gate with only one step by using the two vibrational modes of a trapped ion as the two qubits. The scheme couples two vibration degrees of freedom coupled with a suitable chosen laser excitation via the ionic states.

Controlling the Goos-H?nchen Shift via Incoherent Pumping Field and Electron Tunneling in the Triple Coupled InGaAs/GaAs Quantum Dots

We study the controlling of the Goos-Hanchen （GH） shifts in reflected and transmitted light beams in the triple coupled InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot （QD） nanostructures with electron tunneling and incoherent pumping field. It is shown that the lateral shift can become either large negative or large positive, which can be controlled by the electron tunneling and the rate of incoherent pump field in different incident angles. It is also demonstrated that the properties of the OH shifts are strongly dependent on the probe absorption beam of the intracavity medium due to the switching from superluminal light propagation to subluminal behavior or vice versa. Our suggested system can be considered as a new theoretical method for developing a new nano-optoelectronic sensor.

单相级联型多电平变换器直流纹波电压分析及抑制策略

级联H桥型多电平变换器采用移相变压器+整流供电时具有功率因数高、输出电压谐波含量低等优点,在大功率工业领域范围内得到了广泛应用。传统的调制算法都以假设直流母线电压恒定为前提,然而在直流侧会出现低频纹波并被调制和传输到负载,导致输出电压波形畸变。目的为了探讨级联H桥单元供电侧存在大量直流纹波电压导致输出负载电压波形畸变的问题,方法本文首先采用双重傅里叶理论分析直流纹波电压,在此基础上引入一种直流纹波前馈补偿策略,通过测量每个级联H桥的直流侧实际输入电压除以电压基准值并与传统载波信号相乘,进而与调制电压进行载波移相调制;同时采用矢量控制,通过FFT变换虚拟出无功电压,以获得更快的收敛速度、更高的稳定性和更小的振荡。结果仿真和实验结果表明,所提调制算法和控制策略可有效抑制负载电压中的低次谐波,减小输出电压波形畸变,实现逆变电源的快速动态响应和无稳态误差控制。结论实验结果验证了本文所采用的调制策略和控制策略的可行性与合理性。

Study of the EAST Fast Control Power Supply Based on Carrier Phase-Shift PWM

EAST （experimental advanced superconducting tokamak） fast control power supply is a high-capacity single-phase AC/DC/AC inverter power supply, which traces the displacement signal of plasma, and excites coils in a vacuum vessel to produce a magnetic field that realizes plasma stabilization. To meet the requirements of a large current and fast response, the multi- ple structure of the carrier phase-shift three-level inverter is presented, which realizes parallelled multi-inverters, raises the equivalent switching frequency of the inverters and improves the per- formance of output waves. In this work the design scheme is analyzed, and the output harmonic characteristic of parallel inverters is studied. The simulation and experimental results confirm that the scheme and control strategy is valid. The power supply system can supply a large current, and has a perfect performance on harmonic features as well as the ability of a fast response.

高频链AC-DC矩阵变换器的变控制频率软开关调制策略

针对高频链AC-DC矩阵变换器的高效率要求,提出了一种变控制频率软开关调制策略。该调制策略在基于零矢量嵌入的分段同步控制策略基础上,以单控制周期平均功率不变为原则,通过改变控制周期长度,并调整一个控制周期内的电压矢量排布,优化脉冲宽度,使变换器在换流时全部开关器件的零电压开通成为可能。通过仿真分析和实验证明,采用本文提出的变控制频率调制策略,变换器在整流和逆变模式下,均可实现网侧电流三相平衡正弦,功率因数达到0.981,输出电压纹波小,最高效率达到96.9%,实现了高性能、高效率运行。

定频移相控制六开关双谐振变换器研究

针对传统频率控制的LLC谐振变换器在宽电压应用中电压调节性能差且循环电流较大的问题,设计一种六开关双谐振LLC变换器。该变换器由2个全桥LLC谐振变换器共用1个桥臂混合组成。相较于传统的频率控制,该变换器采用定频移相控制调节输出电压,减小开关频率范围。根据2个变压器连接方式的不同,变换器有2种拓扑形态。当2个变压器顺极性串联时,变换器的增益范围为0~1,可以实现超宽输出电压;当2个变压器反极性串联时,变换器的增益范围为1~2,在工作过程中具有较小的环流损耗。2种拓扑形态下,原边开关管和副边二极管分别实现ZVS开通和ZCS关断。最后,通过Simulink仿真和实验验证了研究内容的有效性。

CLLLC谐振变换器的分级寻优模型预测控制

针对CLLLC谐振变换器提出了一种基于分级寻优模型预测的混合控制策略。通过结合变频控制与移相控制的优点,在实现软开关的同时,能拓宽变换器的电压增益范围。该策略不仅减小了普通有限集模型预测控制(MPC)策略的计算量,还改善了PI控制存在的电压超调大和动态响应慢的问题,在稳态性能相近的情况下提升了变换器系统的动态性能。最后通过Matlab/Simulink仿真和实验证明了分级寻优MPC策略的有效性。

基于双重移相的双向变换器优化控制策略

为解决双向DC-DC变换器(dual active bridge,DAB)采用单移相(single-phase-shift,SPS)控制产生的回流功率较高及动态性能较差的问题,提出一种采用双重移相(dual-phase-shift,DPS)控制下的最小回流功率算法与直接功率控制相结合的方法。首先对DPS控制下的基本原理及回流功率特性进行分析,并建立回流功率与移相比之间的数学关系,从而推导出各分段条件下回流功率在各阶段最小化的方案。其次在保证对变换器回流功率最小化的同时提出结合直接功率法来显著提高变换器的动态性能。最后通过MATLAB/Simulink中建立的仿真验证了上述控制策略的有效性。

激励频率对换挡行星传动系统非线性动力学影响分析

换挡机构是变速系统中最关键的部件之一,其性能直接影响传动系统的动力性和平稳性。建立了二级换挡行星传动系统动力学方程,研究了外界激励频率对传动系统复杂动力学特性的影响;通过分析分岔图、时域响应图、相图、庞加莱截面图以及频谱图变化规律,明晰了二级换挡行星传动系统混沌振动特性,获得了外界激励频率稳定振动区间;利用比例微分控制方法对传动系统混沌振动进行控制,将混沌振动调整为稳定的单周期振动。研究结果为提高换挡行星传动系统运转的稳定性奠定了基础。

Iterative Learning Control for a Class of Linear Continuous-time Switched Systems with Fixed Initial Shifts

This paper deals with the problem of iterative learning control for a class of linear continuous-time switched systems in the presence of a fixed initial shift. Here, the considered switched systems are operated during a finite time interval repetitively. According to the characteristics of the systems, a PD-type learning scheme is proposed for such switched systems with arbitrary switching rules, and the corresponding output limiting trajectories under the action of the PD-type learning scheme are given. Based on the contraction mapping method, it is shown that this scheme can guarantee the outputs of the systems converge uniformly to the output limiting trajectories of the systems over the whole time interval. Furthermore, the initial rectifying strategies are applied to the systems for eliminating the effect of the fixed initial shift. When the learning scheme is applied to the systems, the outputs of the systems can converge to the desired reference trajectories over a pre-specified interval. Finally, simulation examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

大功率拖拉机多工况换挡自适应控制策略

拖拉机牵引不同农机具完成不同作业,其作业要求随着牵引机具的不同而变化。针对大功率拖拉机在不同工况下作业要求不同的问题,提出一种多工况换挡自适应控制方法。分析不同工况对拖拉机动力性经济性的要求,以滑转率、油门开度和速度为参数,根据工况要求计算兼顾动力性和经济性的理论换挡规律,采用神经网络离线训练换挡规律实现挡位智能控制;针对重载荷下随机载荷波动导致循环换挡问题,引入加速度和油门开度变化量作为参数,利用模糊逻辑判断拖拉机负载和驾驶员操作意图得到速度修正系数,对换挡速度进行修正,扩大挡位使用范围;通过对拖拉机纵向动力学分析,利用Simulink搭建大功率拖拉机数学仿真模型,并建立变速箱换挡控制系统硬件在环仿真平台验证换挡策略的有效性。仿真结果表明,在燃油经济性方面,道路运输和轻载荷作业工况燃油经济性分别下降5.78%、3.28%。在动力性方面,保证克服牵引阻力的同时,轻载荷和重载荷工况加速时间较快,速度波动减小且有效避免重载荷工况下循环换挡问题。

重型车辆电控机械式自动变速系统的设计与实现

针对重型车辆在驾驶过程中变速难、控制能力滞后等问题,该文设计一种基于重型车辆电控机械式自动变速系统。该系统采用电控自动变速控制技术(transmissioncontrol unit,TCU),引入巡航模式(adaptive cruise control,ACC)和防滑模式(traction control system,TCS),以全面提升重型车辆的安全性和性能。此外,该系统还将档位转换与人工智能相结合,创建了挡位智能转换模块,根据车速、平衡度、加速度和环境等因素进行智能换挡,从而降低了驾驶员的操作难度。通过对该系统技术核算的数据,发现误差率在可接受范围内,表明该研究系统在解决该文中提到的问题上具有实用性和卓越性。