Design and implementation of an expert system for remote fault diagnosis in ship lift

In this paper an expert system for remote fault diagnosis in the ship lift was developed by analysis of the fault tree and combination with VPN. The fault tree was constructed based on the operation condition of the ship lift. The diagnosis model was constructed by hierarchical classification of the fault tree structure, and the inference mechanism was given. Logical structure of the fault diagnosis in the ship lift was proposed. The implementation of the expert system for remote fault diagnosis in the ship lift was discussed, and the expert system developed was realized on the VPN virtual network. The system was applied to the Gaobaozhou ship lift project, and it ran successfully.

Finite element analysis on nut post structure of Three Gorges Project ship lift

A nonlinear finite element model of the nut post reinforced concrete (RC) structure of the safety mechanism in the Three Gorges Project (TGP) ship lift was built by ANSYS software. Some irregular structures such as the nut post and the rotary rod were divided by curved surface into a series of regular parts, and the structures were all meshed to hexahedron. Constraint equations were defined between two interfaces with different element sizes and mesh patterns. PRETS179 elements were used to simulate the preload in the tendons and the pre-stressed screws, and the loss of prestressing force was calculated. Five extreme load cases were analyzed. The stress of each part in the structure was obtained. The results indicate that the maximum compressive stress of concrete C35 is 24.13 MPa, so the concrete may be partially crushed; the maximum tensile stress of the grouting motar is 6.73 MPa, so the grouting motar may partially fracture; the maximum von Mises stress of the rotary rod is 648.70 MPa, therefore the rotary rod may partially yield.

Finite element and experimental analysis of pinion bracket-assembly of three gorges project ship lift

The pinion bracket-assembly(PBA) is a major part of three gorges project(TGP) ship lift drive system. The static strength,fatigue strength and stress distribution of hinge pin of PBA were analyzed by ANSYS, and the structure of PBA was optimized. The results show that after the optimization, the maximum comprehensive stress is 259.59 MPa, the maximum fatigue cumulative damage of weld joints is 0.94 and the maximum vertical deformation of hinge pin is 0.14 mm. The elastic deformation, hydropneumatic spring cylinder(HSC) load response and the vibration characteristics of PBA were studied by the bearing test when PBA bore the load caused by different water level errors. The results indicate that when the water level of ship chamber ranges from 3.4 m to 3.6 m,the vertical elastic deformation of the pinion shaft is between-8.58 and 10.50 mm. When upward outage-load(1580 k N) is imposed by the test-rack, the vertical elastic deformation of the pinion shaft is 13.42 and 14.07 mm and HSC load response is 795.80-800.80 k N. In the process of imposing load on the pinion by the test-rack, the maximum vibration amplitude and acceleration of PBA internal components are 0.37° and 2.67 rad/s2, respectively; the maximum impact on the pin caused by vibration is 19.89 k N; the pinion shaft vertical displacement and HSC load response do not fluctuate. There is a great difference between the frequency of meshing force of the pinion and the rack(1.06 Hz) and first-order natural frequency of PBA(8.41 Hz), thus PBA will not resonate.From all above, PBA meets the static strength and fatigue strength requirements. The vibration of PBA internal components has no effect on the vertical displacement of the pinion shaft, HSC load response and smooth operation of PBA. There is a liner relationship in the ratio of 2:1 between the thrust imposed by the test-rack and HSC load, thus HSC can limit the load imposed on the pinion.

Theoretical and experimental study on seismic response control on top of Three-Gorges ship lift towers using magnetorheological intelligent isolation system and its key technique

A vertical ship lift under earthquake excitation may suffer from a whipping effect due to the sudden change of building lateral stiffness at the top of the ship lift towers.This paper proposes a roof magnetorheological(MR)intelligent isolation system to prevent the seismic whipping effect on machinery structures.Theoretically,the dynamic models of MR damper and the mechanical model of ship lift was established,the inverse neural network controlling algorithm was proposed and the fundamental semi-active control equation for the Three-Gorges ship lift where the MR intelligent isolation system was installed was deduced.Experimentally,the experimental model of the ship lift was given,the vibrating table experiment of the MR intelligent isolation system controlling the whipping effect was carried out and the results of the inverse neural network control strategy and passive isolation strategy were compared.In practical aspect,the large-scale MR damper(500 kN)and a sliding support with limited stiffness were designed and fabricated.It was proven that the MR intelligent isolation system with proper control strategy can greatly reduce the seismic whipping effect on the top workshop of the ship lift and be simple and effective enough to be applied to real engineering structures.

Safety Analysis for Thread Pair Clearance of Safety Mechanism of Three Gorges Project Ship Lift

The Three Gorges Project（TGP） ship lift employs 4 safety mechanisms, of which one consists of a rotary locking screw and a nut jaw column. The thread pair clearance（TPC） of safety mechanisms is set at 60 mm. Owing to influential factors,the TPC changes randomly in the upward/downward-stroke of the ship chamber. If it diminished to 0, the safety mechanism would be jammed, thus resulting in disastrous accidents. By the bearing test of the drive system, 7 influential factors have been studied; 15 other influential factors（including 8 factors of manufacture and installation deviation, 3 factors of chamber offset, 2 factors of external load and 2 factors of wear） have been analyzed based on the design data. Results by the limit superposition reveal that the TPC change varies from -43.8 mm to ＋48.4 mm when the water level of the chamber ranges from 3.4 m to 3.6 m. According to the Gaussian distribution, the probability of the TPC change varied from -53.7 mm to ＋58.8 mm in the most detrimental status is99.74%, therefore, the TPC remains in a safe condition. This paper puts forward that two-phase operation of the drive system should be adopted so as to reduce the maximum TPC change to -44.6 mm.

Study on the flow field uniformity of hydro-floating ship lift combined type hydraulic-driven system based on the residual energy theory

The hydro-floating ship lift originally invented in China is a major innovation in the field of navigation technology.The shaft water levels synchronization of its unique hydraulic-driven system plays a crucial role in reducing the torque of the synchronous shafts and ensuring the safety and stability operation of the ship lift.This study aims to investigate the muti-shaft water level synchronization and the flow velocity uniformity of the combined type hydraulic-driven system.Based on the theory of residual energy,a new index m2 proposed in this study is more suitable for evaluating the flow velocity uniformity of the combined hydraulic-driven system.Finally,the critical value of m2=75 is calculated via the results of the scaled physical mode test as the threshold of water flow uniformity,and it provides a basis for determining the reasonable height of the pressure stabilizing chamber.

Evacuation strategies for vertical ship lift during initial fire: Integrated application of stairs and elevators

Vertical ship lifts(VSLs)are widely used in navigation facilities worldwide because of their efficiency and low cost.Although several researchers have investigated fire evacuation strategies for reducing potential safety hazards in VSLs,an effective and integrated application of stairs and elevators when a fire occurs in a VSL is necessary.Several evacuation routes were analyzed according to VSL structure and evacuation times in this study.Objective function corresponding to the minimum vertical evacuation time and related simulation model was subsequently developed to obtain a cooperative evacuation plan considering different numbers of evacuees.The Three Gorges ship lift was used as an example,and simulation results indicate that number of evacuees and exit selection are the main influencing factors of the total evacuation time in the stair-and elevator-coordinated evacuation mode.Furthermore,the distance between people trapped in ship reception chamber and evacuation exits affects evacuees?choice of exits.The proposed model can provide a theoretical reference for evacuation research during initial fire events in VSLs.

Structure Analysis of Locking Mechanism of Gear-Rack Typed Ship-Lift

Contact nonlinear theory was researched. Contact problem was transformed into optimization problem containing Lagrange multiplier, and unsymmetrical stiffness matrix was transformed into symmetrical stiffness matrix. A finite element analysis （FEA） model defining more than 300 contact pairs for long nut-short screw locking mechanism of a large-scale vertical gear-rack typed ship-lift was built. Using augmented Lagrange method and symmetry algorithm of contact element stiffness, the FEA model was analyzed, and the contact stress of contact interfaces and the von Mises stress of key parts were obtained. The results show that the design of the locking mechanism meets the requirement of engineering, and this method is effective for solving large stole nonlinear contact pairs.

面向船舶吊装工艺安全评估的有限元快速建模方法研究

分段吊装是船舶建造中的一项重要工艺,为精准模拟船舶吊装作业过程中眼板结构节点的应力分布,在船舶吊装有限元强度计算时眼板区域需进行细网格计算.基于由几何方法添加辅助硬点并生成过渡单元的思路,提出了一种眼板有限元细网格快速生成方法.在粗网格的基础上,将眼板几何模型进行网格细化并根据布置位置与粗网格相连接.基于HyperMesh二次开发,编制了实用可靠的程序,提高了眼板的建模计算效率.

多种通航建筑物组合布置的通过时间研究

山区航道高水头通航建筑物多采用船闸、升船机、隧洞和中间渠道组合布置的形式。多种通航建筑物组合布置时,各通航建筑物的通过能力相互制约和影响,计算较为复杂。结合工程实际,在通过能力计算中,分析了通过各建筑物时间的匹配性及其对通航效率的影响,指出在组合布置通航建筑物时,应以船闸或升船机1次运行时间为基础,复核计算通航隧洞、辅助闸门等其他通航建筑物的1次运行时间是否小于基础时间,当大于基础时间时,应合理调整组合形式、布置形式和建设规模,成果可为类似工程提供参考。

升船机电气传动系统应急运行研究

齿轮齿条爬升式垂直升船机一般采用四点均匀驱动承船厢升降,4套驱动装置通过同步轴系统刚性连接,正常工况下四个驱动点保持同步运行,同步轴受力很小。由于承船厢重量与平衡重重量基本一致,驱动装置处于轻载状态。在保证各驱动点电机不过载和同步轴力矩不超标的条件下,本研究项目旨在论证和试验在1套电气传动装置(电机+变频器)故障退出情况下,其余3套驱动装置能否继续运行,以提高升船机运行的整体可靠性。通过理论计算,在承船厢误载水深控制在±5 cm的范围内,3台电机的出力可以驱动承船厢运行。在对电气传动系统控制架构进行调整后,实现了任意一套传动机构退出后,其余3套驱动装置继续运行的功能,并且同步轴扭矩保持在允许范围内。

欧盟航运碳减排法规对多用途重吊船队的影响

针对多用途重吊船队,按照欧盟航运碳减排法规的具体方案,使用统计的方法和数据计算,准确预算船队在欧盟排放交易体系和欧盟可持续海运燃料法规实施10年内,因船舶燃料温室气体排放带来的成本增加量。通过分析欧盟航运碳减排法规中的各种关键要素,针对多用途船型特点,给出全方面的应对方案。

增建升船机恢复海河航运功能的设想

通过对海河通航及旅游业发展现状的分析,提出在保持二道闸现有功能和结构的前提下,可考虑在此处修建升船机,打通海河下游航道,使得游船可通过二道闸,实现海河全线通航,后续可带动海河沿岸服务产业和货运运输,以此促进天津航运经济发展。

升船机全生命周期BIM应用研究

目前对于通航建筑物的BIM技术应用通常局限于设计或者施工等单个阶段,缺乏对其全生命周期的BIM应用。以某升船机工程为例,将BIM技术引入其设计、施工、运维的各个阶段。在设计阶段,基于Bentley平台对升船机进行了三维模型搭建,在此基础上应用ANSYS对其进行了有限元数值仿真,应用Lumion对其进行了可视化虚拟仿真;在施工阶段,利用Microsoft Project和Synchro Pro进行了施工进度管理和施工仿真模拟;在运维阶段,借助IDEA编辑器、VSCODE软件和MySQL等软件进行代码编写,构建了基于BIM技术的智慧运维管理平台。实践表明:在升船机全生命周期中运用BIM技术,提高了设计的准确性和协同性,加强了施工的协调性,运维管理平台的搭建实现了BIM模型展示、升船机水位和状态监测等功能,为升船机运维管理提供了决策支持。研究成果可为BIM技术在类似水利工程设计、施工、运维等全生命周期的应用提供参考。

基于改进NSGA-Ⅱ的破损沉船起吊力优化

沉船打捞工程中,按照工程经验布置的起吊力参数(位置和大小)容易使得破损沉船起吊时的内力(剪力和弯矩)较大,可能导致沉船起吊断裂,尤其当沉船存在破损时,起吊断裂的可能性大大增加。为此,从梁弯曲理论出发,针对沉船起吊时的受力特点建立了以起吊力参数为输入,以内力分布为输出的沉船内力数值计算模型;基于该计算模型,以起吊力参数为优化变量,以内力峰值为优化目标,建立了起吊力参数优化模型;采用改进的NSGA-Ⅱ算法进行优化计算。以某破损沉船为对象,通过MATLAB实现建模与优化计算,结果表明:优化后的剪力峰值下降约22.72%,弯矩峰值下降约16.13%。

景洪水力式升船机的智能安全调度运行关键技术研究与系统实现

水力式升船机是我国具有自主知识产权的新型升船机,其中调度系统安全是确保水电站长期稳定运行的关键。基于景洪电站水力式升船机的工程实践,构建了水力式升船机智能安全调度和安全管理系统,实现了智能调度申请、设备状态监测、扭矩分析监测和智能预警等功能,有效提升了水力式升船机调度运行的规范性、智能性、安全性和稳定性。

邮轮上层建筑分段吊装评估与参数敏感性分析

针对邮轮上建采用的钢板较薄,且舷侧大开孔密集,结构刚度较弱,在上建吊装过程中容易出现结构或者舾装件损伤的问题,总结邮轮上建分段吊装的评估流程,以一极地邮轮上建分段为例,开展吊装方案设计,并利用有限元对结构应力、分段整体位移与舷侧开孔局部位移进行计算评估,利用线性回归方法对吊装参数进行敏感性分析,结果表明,邮轮上建舷侧结构的局部相对位移评估十分有必要,相对于应力和整体位移,为主控因素,且垂向位移是局部位移评估的主控参量;结构应力与开孔局部位移对吊耳布置更敏感,整体位移对临时补强更敏感。

百色水利枢纽通航设施工程建设方案

百色水利枢纽最大通航水头为113.80 m,上游库区水位变幅大,下游右江水位变化速率快,航运用水会对枢纽发电效益产生影响,建设通航设施面临高水头通航、节约水资源、降低对已建设施安全与运行影响等技术难题,建设方案应实现高效通航、运行可靠、维护便利、投资经济等多重目标协同效果最优。百色水利枢纽通航设施工程采用船闸与升船机组合方案、升船机与升船机组合方案、单级升船机方案和多级船闸方案进行技术经济比选,推荐船闸与升船机组合方案,其发挥了船闸适应大水位变幅和升船机提升高度大、过闸时间短的技术优势,并对升船机形式进行比选,推荐的船闸与全平衡卷扬式垂直升船机组合方案能够实现高效通航、运行可靠等建设目标。为实现高坝通航提出了新思路,对类似工程建设及规范修编具有积极的借鉴意义。

1000 t级超大型升船机承船厢结构有限元仿真

根据升船机承船厢结构特点,对承船厢模型进行合理简化;利用三维建模软件CATIA建立升船机承船厢三维模型,利用有限元分析软件Abaqus建立升船机承船厢1/4结构有限元模型;根据升船机运行中重点关注的常载、超载和锁定3种重要工况,设定有限元模型载荷及边界条件,采用有限元法对1000 t级超大型升船机的承船厢结构进行仿真分析,通过静强度和刚度的计算分析,验证承船厢结构的安全性和可靠性。研究所采用的计算方法简便可靠,能够全面反映承船厢结构的受力特性,对升船机的设计、制造和后期运行监测具有重要的指导意义。该计算方法可推广应用于类似类型的升船机承船厢结构的设计和改造。

水位波动对三峡升船机运行的影响

三峡升船机水位波动受电站调峰、船闸泄水等因素影响,变化非常复杂,下闸首水位变率可达0.9 m/h。三峡升船机运行期间,水位波动导致的停机故障占比约29%,经常影响升船机运行安全。通过收集升船机运行停机故障数据并展开分析,研究水位波动对升船机运行的影响,并从运行对接前期、船厢与闸首对接期间、开船厢门期间、船厢与航道连通期间4个阶段提出水位监测应对建议。在易受水位波动影响的敏感环节应提前做好水位趋势预判,掌握水位波动规律,及时采取相应措施避免三峡升船机发生停机故障。