Computer-aided system for hazard zone identification in ship power plants

The most dangerous places in ships are their power plants. Particularly, they are very unsafe for operators carrying out various necessary operation and maintenance activities. For this reason, ship machinery should be designed to ensure the maximum safety for its operators. It is a very difficult task. Therefore, it could not be solved by means of conventional design methods, which are used for design of uncomplicated technical equipment. One of the possible ways of solving this problem is to provide appropriate tools, which allow us to take the operator's safety into account during a design process, especially at its early stages. A computer-aided system supporting design of safe ship power plants could be such a tool. This paper deals with developing process of a prototype of the computer-aided system for hazard zone identification in ship power plants.

Technical cross-fertilization between terrestrial microgrids and ship power systems

Aspects of terrestrial microgrids and ship power systems are examined.The work exposes a variety of technical synergies from these two power systems to effectively advance their technologies.Understanding their overlap allows congruent efforts to target both systems;understanding their differences hinders conflict and redundancy in early-stage design.The paper concludes by highlighting how an understanding of both systems can reduce the investment in research resources.

Powership＇s Identity and MARPOL Convention Application

The concept, although it is not new, came to surface in the last ten years with significant technological improvement and became a temporary solution for the port cities where the supply of electricity is in need. A ship shaped floatable structure with a huge power generator on board becomes the temporary but effective solution. However, these converted ex-ships are still legally ships in order to admit them sufficiently within the scope of a leading convention, which applies to marine and air pollution from ships. This issue needs research on the legal definition of the ＂ship＂ to clarify if it is a ship and to determine whether that would also fall within the concept of MARPOL.

Multi-agent and ant colony optimization for ship integrated power system network reconfiguration

Electric power is widely used as the main energy source of ship integrated power system(SIPS), which contains power network and electric power network. SIPS network reconfiguration is a non-linear large-scale problem. The reconfiguration solution influences the safety and stable operation of the power system. According to the operational characteristics of SIPS, a simplified model of power network and a mathematical model for network reconfiguration are established. Based on these models, a multi-agent and ant colony optimization(MAACO) is proposed to solve the problem of network reconfiguration. The simulations are carried out to demonstrate that the optimization method can reconstruct the integrated power system network accurately and efficiently.

Assessment of Electric Power Qualityin Ships' Modern Systems

The paper deals with the selected problems of electric power quality in ships’ modern systems. In the introduction the fundamentals of electric power quality assessment, such as the relations and consequences among power quality phenomena and indices, secondly as the methods and tools as well as the appropriate instrumentation, have been shortly presented. Afterwards, the basic characteristic of power systems on modern ships has been given. The main focus of the paper is put on the assessment of electric power quality in ships’ systems fitted with converter subsystems. The state of the art and actual tendencies in the discussed matter have been shown. Some chosen experimental results, based on the research carried out under supervision of the author, have been presented, too. Finally, some concluding issues have been shortly commented on.

STUDY ON REALISTIC TECHNOLOGY OF CONDITION MONITORING AND FAULT DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM FOR SHIPPING POWER DEVICES

ＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＲＥＡＬＩＳＴＩＣＴＥＣＨＮＯＬＯＧＹＯＦＣＯＮＤＩＴＩＯＮＭＯＮＩＴＯＲＩＮＧＡＮＤＦＡＵＬＴＤＩＡＧＮＯＳＴＩＣＳＹＳＴＥＭＦＯＲＳＨＩＰＰＩＮＧＰＯＷＥＲＤＥＶＩＣＥＳＷｅｎＸｉｓｅｎ；ＬｉＹｕｅ；ＴａｎｇＢｉｎｇｙａｎｇ（Ｄｅｐ...

A Full Mission Simulator of the Ship＇s Automated Electric Power System for Training and Competence Testing of Marine Engineers

This article describes practical preparation of marine engineers on the full mission simulator complex of the ship＇s automated electrical power plant. A full mission simulator complex of the ship＇s automated power management system meets International Convention STCW （Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping） 78 （with Manila amendments 2010） requirements in part of adequate reproduction of its operational modes corresponding to the actual configuration and layout of the ship＇s automated power management system with real consumers and typical loads. The simulator is fully consistent with the goals and objectives of the practical training, as well as the goals and objectives of proficiency testing engine department officers on issues of technical maintenance of real ship＇s equipment （high voltage installations included） and means of automation. The simulator＇s complex is designed for training and proficiency testing of cadets and students of maritime educational institutions, as well as training and proficiency testing of marine specialists （mechanics and electricians） by watch-keeping and maintenance of modem integrated automated control systems of ship＇s electric power plant and the individual ship electromechanical systems, including high-voltage systems. A simulator＇s complex provides adequate reproduction of operational situations on technical side of real ship electric and automation equipment provides training on monitoring, control and management diesel-generator sets in hand, semi-automatic and automatic modes of power station, control and management of electromechanical systems, as well as the set of tasks upon parameterization, visualization and etc. Besides number of combinations of monitoring, control and management tasks, the simulator＇s complex provides an opportunity to simulate various practical fault conditions. It allows students to focus on the work of automatic control system in emergency situations and to work out correct actions for a watch-keeper on searching, localizing of faults and troubleshooting of equipment.

舰船动力设备抗冲击评估方法综述

舰船动力设备的抗冲击能力是舰船安全稳定运行的重要保障,而合理的评估方法可以较为方便地获得动力设备的抗冲击特性预测结果。首先,将冲击过程分为低/高速碰撞冲击过程和非接触爆炸冲击过程,基于主从系统关系,阐述舰船设备非一体化与一体化抗冲击方法,总结舰船动力设备的抗冲击研究进展,提出舰船动力设备抗冲击领域的重点研究技术。然后,结合舰船设备一体化方法(分为等效静力法、动态设计分析法及时域分析法)的特点,总结得出:等效静力法仅适用于低频影响的结构简单动力设备;动态设计分析法忽略了邻近设备、隔振系统及船体结构对冲击输入载荷的影响;时域分析法仅适用于爆炸冲击等特定场景或冲击信号输入;而舰船设备一体化考虑了船体结构–基座–隔振系统–动力设备形成的多自由度系统,其计算结果更贴近于实船工况,但建模和计算成本较高。最后,展望了舰船动力设备抗冲击的重要发展方向,包括评估方法的准确选取、抗冲击试验台的合理改进、冲击响应信号提取分析、动力设备多场耦合作用分析、动力设备物理模型简化研究、内部流动介质等效替代研究、数据挖掘和深度学习方法融合等。

基于虚拟直流电机控制的船舶高频高峰值脉冲负载冲击平抑控制策略研究

高频高峰值脉冲负载对具有弱惯量特性的船舶电力系统呈现较大的功率冲击影响,严重时会造成船舶发电机组振荡停机。针对这一问题,该文首先建立典型脉冲负载的数学模型,研究脉冲负载功率特性及其对船舶电力系统冲击机理。根据研究结果,提出采用超级电容冲击平抑装置平抑脉冲功率。其次,通过分析虚拟直流电机(VDG)运行机理,确定通过VDG控制提升双向DC-DC变换器惯量的可行性。基于以上研究,推导双向DC-DC变换器的小信号模型及系统传递函数,分析虚拟转动惯量及虚拟阻尼对平抑装置稳定性的影响。然后,提出一种适用于脉冲负载稳态运行和暂态突变的平抑装置控制策略。最后,基于RT Box 3半实物仿真平台,搭建了具有平抑装置的船舶电力系统模型,验证了所提控制策略的有效性。

船舶岸电变流器用构网型电流矢量控制

船舶岸电变流器作为靠港船舶新的供电电源,可极大地降低船舶靠港时船用同步发电机重质柴油燃烧所带来的NOx、SOx和柴油颗粒等污染物。为保证船舶供电的连续性,岸电侧与船电侧电源多采用预同步方式完成不断电切换,然而可能会因两侧电压非理想的相位差而诱发电流冲击,进而导致岸电与船电电源切换失败。因此,该文首先提出船舶岸电变流器用构网型电流矢量控制策略,其实施于锁相环确定的船电两相同步旋转坐标系中,可在无预同步的前提下完成岸电变流器无冲击自整步并入船电系统,同时通过幅频电压-矢量电流级联闭环完成对船舶岸电变流器输出电压幅值和频率的有效调控。然后,建立构网型电流矢量控制数学模型,并基于此分析控制带宽对控制系统相位稳定裕度、电压跟踪能力以及对负载电流的抗扰能力。最后,通过Satrsim MT 8020硬件在环测试,验证了所提构网型电流矢量控制策略的有效性。

船舶动力装备智能化发展与人员职业培训要求分析

人工智能已成为新一轮科技革命和产业变革的核心驱动力,也在推动着船舶动力装备加速智能化建设。文章通过分析船舶动力装备智能化发展现状、船舶动力装备智能化发展趋势以及船舶动力专业人员职业能力的变化,指出了当前职业培训存在的不足,提出了培训层次、培训专业、培训方法升级的要求。

绿色能源背景下的舰船动力系统能耗优化研究

为减少舰船航行过程中的污染物排放量,降低航行成本,研究绿色能源背景下的舰船动力系统能耗优化方法。绿色能源背景下,以最小总能耗、最小二氧化碳排放量、最小航行成本为目标函数,以绿色能源转换效率及灵活性转换效率等为约束条件,建立舰船动力系统能耗优化模型,减少舰船航行过程中的污染物排放量,降低航行成本;通过求解该模型,获取最小总能耗、最小二氧化碳排放量,以及最小航行成本对应的能耗优化方案,实现能耗优化。实验证明该方法可有效优化舰船动力系统能耗;在不同水流速度与对水航速时,应用该方法均可降低舰船航行的总能耗、二氧化碳排放量与航行成本。

前沿科研成果融入船舶快速性课程教学探索

随着科学技术的不断发展,科研成果的产出使得传统教学形式和教学内容产生重要变革。该文结合新型船舶及新型推进方式,将前沿科学技术进步趋势和研究成果融入船舶快速性课程教学,立足于海洋强国战略需求,紧跟船舶海洋领域前沿科研发展形势,不断充实和完善船舶快速性教学内容,从而使教学内容适应船舶行业快速发展的变化形式,将最新科研成果融入教学,丰富教学内容,开拓学生视野,培养学生对船舶海洋领域国际前沿问题的敏感性和前瞻性。

船舶混合动力系统能量管理预测控制方法研究

针对混合动力系统控制稳定性和节能减排问题,明确模型预测控制在船舶能量管理中的作用、研究现状及趋势。借助CiteSpace对船舶能量管理进行可视化分析,理清了船舶能量管理的发展脉络,并通过不同能量管理策略的对比分析揭示模型预测控制在船舶能量管理中的重要性;从预测建模、优化目标及约束、求解和改进策略等3个方面开展了船舶能量管理预测控制方法的分析;最后从考虑可再生能源的能量管理策略、建模与验证的标准化、协同优化和多维度评估等方面对船舶能量管理预测控制的未来研究进行展望。结果表明:模型预测控制在智能船舶、多能源船舶等复杂的动力系统的实时控制中具有重要潜力。与其他算法结合开展多目标算法融合是提升控制精度和计算实时性的重要途径,开展多维度测试评估有利于推动策略的实船应用。

基于不同动力集装箱船的支线运输综合调度优化

在“双碳减排”战略和绿色航运背景下,为了对使用不同动力集装箱船的支线运输进行调度优化,以LNG动力船和燃油动力船为例,引入模糊时间窗刻画货主满意度,同时考虑支线船舶运输容量、港口限制时间等实际约束条件,综合考虑运输成本、货主满意度和碳排放量,构建了一种基于不同动力船型的混合整数规划模型。结合问题特征设计混合遗传算法进行求解,通过引入局部搜索策略提高求解质量,测试算例表明设计的混合遗传算法与最优解的平均误差为1.4%,案例计算结果表明:与遗传算法相比,混合遗传算法的收敛速度和寻优能力更强,可降低运输成本29 520元,减少碳排放38.474 t。可见,基于局部搜索的混合遗传算法的求解精度明显优于传统遗传算法,说明在实际应用中该方法可以实现船舶调度优化;同时与燃油动力船相比,使用LNG动力船可以实现降低运输成本和减少碳排放的目标。

燃料电池船舶混合动力系统能量管理研究综述

在“双碳”目标下,发展燃料电池船舶是实现航运业转型升级和低碳化的重要发展方向之一。面对当前燃料电池上船的诸多问题,混合动力系统成为燃料电池船舶应用的有效解决方案,其能量管理的研究也成为核心研究方向之一。系统梳理燃料电池船舶的发展概况,针对燃料电池船舶多类型能源能量管理中涉及的能量调度问题以及变换器功率分配问题进行综述;分析各类方法的优缺点及其在实船上应用的可能性;探讨燃料电池船舶推广可行性和发展方向,以期能为技术创新和工程应用提供参考。

内河水运基础设施及船舶技术发展现状与展望

我国交通运输事业已步入全面建设交通强国的新发展阶段,内河水运在综合交通运输体系中的比较优势尚未得到充分发挥,而“双循环”新发展格局及“双碳”战略的实施将要求内河水运及其核心要素的船舶技术必须实现创新发展。该文通过梳理提炼国内外内河水运以及船舶发展的现状与相关政策演变,分析创新技术研究进展与典型案例,对内河水运基础设施及船舶技术发展趋势进行展望:未来内河水运基础设施与数字、信息和网络技术深度融合,岸基控制中心作为关键性设施和船舶能源供给设施网联化;船舶则向着船型标准化、谱系化、智能化、少人化、能源绿色化及多元化、电力推进主流化等方向演进;船舶编队航行成为创新运输模式。文中所探索的内河水运基础设施及船舶技术的变革方向,可为建设新一代内河水运体系和研发先进船型提供参考。

基于神经网络的船舶综合电力系统负荷组合预测研究

随着纯电动船舶的高速发展,其用电负荷在电力市场交易中的影响日渐突出,为此该文提出一种船舶综合电力系统负荷神经网络组合预测方法,旨在提高预测精度。首先,分析纯电动船舶综合电力系统在多种工况下的负荷特性。然后,研究基于典型神经网络的船舶综合电力系统负荷预测方法,揭示其在复杂工况下预测的局限性。针对以上问题,提出了基于BP和RBF神经网络相结合的船舶综合电力系统负荷组合预测方法。此组合预测方法集合了BP和RBF神经网络模型的优势,提高了预测模型的泛化能力和容错率。最后,以江苏某纯电动船舶为实际算例,针对复杂工况下的船舶综合电力系统负荷进行对比预测。结果表明,所提方法与单一预测算法相比,预测精度从96.63%提高至98.98%。

船舶综合电力系统绝缘电阻在线检测方法

当前采用中压直流供配电的船舶综合电力系统,在发电机端和负载端均存在接地电阻,对其电网绝缘电阻的在线检测产生较大影响。为此,提出一种改进注入法在线绝缘检测方案,通过外加电源和负载状态量获取的方式,排除系统接地电阻带来的影响。首先,在整流发电机接地电阻处,分别正向和反向并联直流电源,采用电源叠加法得到系统绝缘电阻解析表达式;然后,利用实时获取的变频器接地电阻柜的开关状态,折算直流母线实时的绝缘电阻值;最后,搭建了全系统仿真模型并进行了验证。研究结果表明:所提方案测量精度满足工程需求,为综合电力系统母线绝缘的在线检测提供了理论基础。

基于庞特里亚金极小值原理的柴电混合动力船舶能量管理策略

提升混合动力船舶的能源利用率,制定合适的能量管理策略以实现功率合理分配、减小船舶燃油消耗、节约成本,是混合动力船舶的亟需解决的关键技术问题。本文基于Matlab/Simulink仿真建模软件,建立对象船舶的动力系统仿真模型,研究不同功率需求下对柴油发电机和超级电容的控制要求。考虑动力源特性和船舶功率需求,本文提出了一种基于庞特里亚金极小值的能量管理策略对目标船舶进行合理的功率分配。仿真结果表明:基于庞特里亚金极小值原理的能量管理策略能够优化船舶柴油机组原动机的工作状态,使其在比油耗较低的点工作。在该策略的控制下,航行工况内的柴油发电机组原动机平均比油耗为207.2 g/(kW·h),总燃油消耗量为204.1 kg。本文方法不仅对船舶减小燃油消耗具有积极的作用,同时对提高船舶运行经济性具有重要意义。