Studies of collisionless shockwaves using high-power laser pulses in laboratories

The remarkable experimental progress in the studies of collisionless shockwave（CS） in laboratories employing highpower lasers is briefly reviewed. The results show that CS can be generated in laser-produced plasmas due to the microturbulence associated with instabilities. CS is one of the most important astronomical phenomena. It has been found in supernova remnants（SNRs）, Sun–Earth space, etc. This paper focuses on CS in ways relevant to SNRs. Laboratory astrophysics（LA）, a new interdisciplinary frontier of astrophysics, plasma and laser physics, has developed rapidly in recent years. As an accessory to the astronomical observation, LA experimenters can closely study some astronomical events scaled-down to controllable phenomena.

Treatment of Vasculogenic Erectile Dysfunction with Piezowave2 Device. Application of Low Intensity Shockwaves Using Novel Linear Shockwave Tissue Coverage (LSTC-ED®) Technique. A Prospective, Multicentric, Placebo-Controlled Study

Low intensity shockwave (LiSW) treatment is known to improve revascularization. The method has been evaluated and is used to treat vasculogenic erectile dysfunction (ED). The present study aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of a linear focused piezoelectric shockwave device (Richard Wolf/ELvationPiezowave2) to treat patients with vasculogenic ED using a novel linear shockwave tissue coverage LSTC-ED® technique. A total of 75 patients were treated using the Piezowave2 device and the LSTC-ED® technique. Patients’ erectile function was evaluated using the modified IIEF-5 (International Index of Erectile Function) scale at the beginning of treatment and at 1 month post treatment;patients were additionally questioned using our own Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (TSQ). The study also included a group of 50 patients treated by placebo;the outcomes of both groups were compared. The average IIEF-5 score of patients in the treatment group increased from 14.4 at baseline to 18.6 at 1 month post treatment. According to the IIEF-5 scale, treatment was successful in 81.33% of patients (61/75). According to the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (answers 1 to 3 of the TSQ), treatment was successful in 77.3% of patients (58/75). In the placebo group of 50 patients only 5 patients showed an improvement based on IIEF score, and 8 reported an improvement based on their answers to the TSQ. No significant adverse effects were observed during treatment or in the follow-up period. The Piezowave2 device and the LSTC-ED® technique proved to be suitable and effective to treat erectile dysfunction.

Characteristics of the crack tip field in high-speed railway tunnel linings under train-induced aerodynamic shockwaves

High-speed railway tunnels in various countries have continuously reported accidents of vault falling concrete blocks.Once the concrete block falling occurs,serious consequences follow,and traffic safety may be endangered.The aerodynamic shockwave evolves from the initial compression wave may be an important inducement causing the tunnel lining cracks to grow and form falling concrete blocks.A joint calculation framework is established based on ANSYS Fluent,ABAQUS,and FRANC3D for calculating the crack tip field under the aerodynamic shockwave.The intensification effect of aerodynamic shockwaves in the crack is revealed,and the evolution characteristics of the crack tip field and the influence factors of stress intensity factor(SIF)are analyzed.Results show that(1)the aerodynamic shockwave intensifies after entering the crack,resulting in more significant pressure in the crack than the input pressure.The maximum pressure of the inclined and longitudinal cracks is higher than the corresponding values of the circumferential crack,respectively.(2)The maximum SIF of the circumferential,inclined,and longitudinal crack appears at 0.5,0.68,and 0.78 times the crack front length.The maximum SIF of the circumferential crack is higher than that of the inclined and longitudinal crack.The possibility of crack growth of the circumferential crack is the highest under aerodynamic shockwaves.(3)The influence of train speed on the SIF of the circumferential crack is more than 40%.When the train speed,crack depth,and crack length change,the change of pressure in the crack is the direct cause of the change of SIF.

Shockwave冲击波球囊联合准分子激光治疗双层支架内再狭窄成功1例

临床资料78岁,男性患者分别于2004年、2009年、2012年因左前降支(left anterior descending branch,LAD)重度狭窄置入多枚支架,既往有高血压病史,入院心电图正常,超声心动图:左心室舒张功能减退,血清化验检查结果正常,冠状动脉造影提示:LAD近中段支架内及支架远端重度狭窄(图1)。

Numerical and experimental investigation on hydraulic-electric rock fragmentation of heterogeneous granite

Hydraulic-electric rock fragmentation(HERF)plays a significant role in improving the efficiency of high voltage pulse rock breaking.However,the underlying mechanism of HERF remains unclear.In this study,considering the heterogeneity of the rock,microscopic thermodynamic properties,and shockwave time domain waveforms,based on the shockwave model,digital imaging technology and the discrete element method,the cyclic loading numerical simulations of HERF is achieved by coupling electrical,thermal,and solid mechanics under different formation temperatures,confining pressure,initial peak voltage,electrode bit diameter,and loading times.Meanwhile,the HERF discharge system is conducive to the laboratory experiments with various electrical parameters and the resulting broken pits are numerically reconstructed to obtain the geometric parameters.The results show that,the completely broken area consists of powdery rock debris.In the pre-broken zone,the mineral cementation of the rock determines the transition of type CⅠcracks to type CⅡand type CⅢcracks.Furthermore,the peak pressure of the shockwave increased with initial peak voltage but decreased with electrode bit diameter,while the wave front time reduced.Moreover,increasing well depth,formation temperature and confining pressure augment and inhibit HERF,but once confining pressure surpassed the threshold of 60 MPa for 152.40,215.90,and 228.60 mm electrode bits,and 40 MPa for 309.88 mm electrode bits,HERF is promoted.Additionally,for the same kind of rock,the volume and width of the broken pit increase with higher initial peak voltage and rock fissures will promote HERF.Eventually,the electrode drill bit with a 215.90 mm diameter is more suitable for drilling pink granite.This research contributes to a better microscopic understanding of HERF and provides valuable insights for electrode bit selection,as well as the optimization of circuit parameters for HERF technology.

Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in the management of urinary stones: New concepts and techniques to improve outcomes

Objective: Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) currently plays an important role in the treatment of urinary tract lithiasis. The purpose of this article was to describe new concepts and procedural strategies that would improve results using SWL as a treatment for urolithiasis, thereby achieving better clinical practice.Methods: A systematic review process was carried in PubMed/PMC from January 2003 to March 2023. A narrative synthesis of the most important aspects has been made.Results: The important recommendations for the adequate selection of the candidate patient for treatment with SWL are summarized, as well as the new strategies for a better application of the technique. Aspects about intraoperative position, stone localization and monitoring, analgesic control, machine and energy settings, and measures aiming at reduced risk of complications are described.Conclusion: To achieve the therapeutic goal of efficient stone disintegration without increasing the risk of complications, it is necessary to make an adequate selection of patients and to pay special attention to several important factors in the application of treatment. Technological development in later generation devices will help to improve current SWL results.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Renalof® versus Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy (ESWL) for the Treatment of Kidney Stones ≤ 1 cm in Nicaragua

Objectives: To assess the efficiency in terms of cost-effectiveness (CE) of oral Renalof® treatment versus extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) in the treatment of kidney stones ≤ 1 cm in Nicaragua. Methods: A cost-effectiveness economic evaluation was carried out based on the results obtained in the randomised, prospective, observational, single-blind, prospective, phase 2 clinical trial. Cost-effectiveness and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were calculated. Economic data were obtained from the Economics Department of Clínica Senior in Managua, Nicaragua. The monetary cost was expressed in US dollars (USD). Results: Treatment with Renalof® yielded a CE of $1,323.08/% remission, while ESWL was $9,498.54/% remission. The ICER shows that, in order to achieve a high percentage of kidney stone remission with ESWL, an extra $4,734.70 per patient must be invested. Conclusions: The use of Renalof® is shown to be a more cost-effective option than ESWL. It is recommended for the treatment of kidney stones ≤ 1 cm in size.

Effects of individual shock wave therapy vs celecoxib on hip pain caused by femoral head necrosis

BACKGROUND Celecoxib has been used to treat hip discomfort and functional difficulties associated with osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH),although significant adverse reactions often follow long-term use.Extracorporeal shock wave therapy(ESWT)can delay the progression of ONFH,alleviate the pain and functional limitations it causes,and avoid the adverse effects of celecoxib.AIM To investigate the effects of individual ESWT,a treatment alternative to the use of celecoxib,in alleviating pain and dysfunction caused by ONFH.METHODS This was a randomized,controlled,double-blinded,non-inferiority trial.We examined 80 patients for eligibility in this study;8 patients were excluded based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.A total of 72 subjects with ONFH were randomly assigned to group A(n=36;celecoxib+alendronate+sham-placebo shock wave)or group B(n=36;individual focused shock wave[ESWT based on magnetic resonance imaging three-dimensional(MRI-3D)reconstruction]+alendronate).The outcomes were assessed at baseline,at the end of treatment,and at an 8-wk follow-up.The primary outcome measure was treatment efficiency after 2 wk of intervention using the Harris hip score(HHS)(improvement of 10 points or more from the baseline was deemed sufficient).Secondary outcome measures were post-treatment HHS,visual analog scale(VAS),and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC)scores.RESULTS After treatment,the pain treatment efficiency of group B was greater than that of group A(69%vs 51%;95%CI:4.56%to 40.56%),with non-inferiority thresholds of-4.56%and-10%,respectively.Furthermore,the HHS,WOMAC,and VAS scores in group B dramatically improved during the follow-up period as compared to those in group A(P<0.001).After therapy,the VAS and WOMAC in group A were significantly improved from the 2nd to 8th wk(P<0.001),although HHS was only significantly altered at the 2 wk point(P<0.001).On the 1st d and 2nd wk after treatment,HHS and VAS scores were different between groups,with the difference in HHS lasting until week 4.Neither group had severe complications such as skin ulcer infection or lower limb motorsensory disturbance.CONCLUSION Individual shock wave therapy(ESWT)based on MRI-3D reconstruction was not inferior to celecoxib in managing hip pain and restrictions associated with ONFH.

Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathy: Combination Therapy Using LED Light, Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy, Platelet Rich Plasma, and an Oral Dietary Supplement

Objectives: Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a significant contributor to disability in the elderly. It is also one of the most prevalent complications of type 2 diabetes, prediabetes and metabolic syndrome. PN is commonly associated with pain, numbness, tingling, burning, and cramping in the feet and legs. Current treatment options are limited to controlling pain, seizures and use of antidepressant medications. These treatments have undesirable side effects and don’t stop PN progression. Here we utilized a combination of individual-specific modalities to improve local circulation and relieve PN symptoms. Methods: We conducted an open-label, multicenter pilot trial with 34 subjects (19 males and 15 females ranging from 40 - 85 years of age). All of the participants were diagnosed with peripheral neuropathy and had bilateral symptoms in their feet, and many reported the same symptoms (pain, numbness, tingling, burning, and cramping) in their lower legs. The duration of symptoms ranged from four months to over six years. On Day 0, subjects were given a 90-day supply of the oral supplement with dosing instructions and a LED light therapy device. They also received three platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections in their lower extremities. Subjects also received an extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) treatment for each foot and subsequently twice per week for the first six weeks, then once weekly for the duration of the study. Subjects filled out the Brief Pain Index (BPI) at weekly intervals. On Day 90, subjects completed the Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) survey. Results: There were significant responses to pain, as evidenced by BPI scores at weeks 8, 9, 10 and 11 (p = 0.02, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.003, respectively). Analysis of the final day PGIC survey showed a favorable outcome for 73% of participants (p = 0.003), with the majority reporting Very Much Improved. Conclusions: By utilizing a multi-modality treatment protocol that includes PRP, LED light therapy, ESWT and an oral dietary supplement, we observed significant reductions in BPI scores. Quality of life and their overall impression of change (PGIC) were significantly improved, and there were no significant side effects.

1例应用Shockwave冲击波球囊术治疗冠状动脉重度钙化合并糖尿病患者的护理与康复

本文报告广东祈福医院首次应用Shockwave冲击波球囊治疗冠状动脉360°环形钙化病变合并糖尿病患者1例,经过5个周期(50个脉冲)的反复冲击波治疗,复查血管内超声(IVUS)显示支架膨胀完全,贴壁良好,边支血流不受限。在手术过程中,共处理了3根血管(包括左主干及前降支、回旋支),成功植入了3枚支架,手术过程顺利。此例患者的成功,验证了Shockwave冲击波球囊技术在相应的护理配合下,效果较好,且具有操作简便,创伤小、并发症少的优势。但还需继续在实践中不断总结和优化该技术相关的综合护理流程和细节,提高冠脉介入新技术的护理水准。

冲击波在康复医学领域中的临床应用

冲击波是由于能量的突然释放而产生的一种高能量压力波,作用于机体后,通过力-化学信号转化产生一系列生物学效应,可促进组织细胞的再生与修复。自1980年Chaussy首次成功将冲击波应用于肾结石的治疗和1986年Haupt发现冲击波能够诱发成骨细胞的骨化后,体外冲击波治疗（extracorporeal shockwave therapy,ESWT）作为一种安全、非侵入性的治疗技术,在泌尿外科和骨科应用非常广泛。

基于ShockWave3D的Web虚拟现实技术研究

Shockwave3D是MacroMedia公司出色的三维引擎,但国内对其研究很少。利用ShockWave3D可以方便实现虚拟现实应用,尤其是Web3D应用。使用Director多媒体开发工具以及Lingo开发语言,可以对虚拟现实应用进行深入的交互控制。文中分析了ShockWave3D虚拟现实应用的结构和技术特点,并对其中的漫游和碰撞检测部分进行了深入的探讨。

应用Shockwave冲击波球囊治疗冠状动脉重度钙化病变1例

1例54岁男性患者因“间断胸闷憋气5个月”入住解放军总医院,外院造影及冠状动脉CT提示左前降支重度狭窄伴钙化,未行介入治疗。为进一步治疗就诊于我院。充分评估病变后使用Shockwave冲击波球囊进行病变预处理,术中操作顺利,光学相干断层成像清晰看到了钙化病变有多处被能量波震出的裂隙,验证了Shockwave球囊的安全性和有效性。

In-depth analysis of traffic congestion using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling method

This paper introduces computational fluid used in aerospace engineering, to deal with surface physical and mathematical foundations of CFD, this traffic problems such as queue/platoon distribution, dynamics （CFD）, a numerical traffic flow related problems. approach widely and successfully After a brief introduction of the paper develops CFD implementation methodology for modeling shockwave propagation, and prediction of system performance. Some theoretical and practical applications are discussed in this paper to illustrate the implementation methodology. It is found that CFD approach can facilitate a superior insight into the formation and propagation of congestion, thereby supporting more effective methods to alleviate congestion. In addition, CFD approach is found capable of assessing freeway system performance using less ITS detectors, and enhancing the coverage and reliability of a traffic detection system.

用Director开发网络多媒体课件的尝试

介绍了当前最流行的多媒体制作工具软件-Director,以及使用Director开发网络多媒体课件的具体方法,包括Shockwave技术、多媒体网页的生成等.同时阐述了在制作过程中应该注意的问题,如参数设置、视音频的处理、网络多媒体电影的优化等.

Femtosecond laser shockwave peening ablation in liquids for hierarchical micro/nanostructuring of brittle silicon and its biological application

This paper presents a new technique,termed femtosecond laser shock peening ablation in liquids(fs-LSPAL),which can realize simultaneous crack micro/nanomanufacturing and hierarchical micro/nanolaser ablation,giving rise to the formation of diverse multiscale hierarchical structures,such as macroporous ratcheted structures and enéchelon microfringes decorated with parabolic nanoripples.Through analysis of surface morphologies,many phenomena have been confirmed to take place during fs-LSPAL,including enéchelon cracks,nanostriation,ripple densification,crack branching,and selective formation of high spatial frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures of 100–200 nm in period.At a high laser power of 700 mW,fs-LSPAL at scanning speeds of 0.2 mm s^-1 and 1 mm s^-1 enables the generation of height-fluctuated and height-homogeneous hierarchical structures,respectively.The height-fluctuated structures can be used to induce‘colony’aggregates of embryonic EB3 stem cells.At 200 mW,fs-LSPAL at 1 mm s^-1 is capable of producing homogeneous tilt macroporous structures with cracked structures interleaved among them,which are the synergistic effects of bubble-induced light refraction/reflection ablation and cracks.As shown in this paper,the conventional laser ablation technique integrated with its self-driven unconventional cracking under extreme conditions expands the horizons of extreme manufacturing and offers more opportunities for complex surface structuring,which can potentially be used for biological applications.

用ActiveX控件在Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007中播放并控制.swf格式的Flash动画

在幻灯片中往往需要嵌入Flash动画,并对其进行播放控制,这样的需求在教师制作课件时显得尤为突出。笔者向读者介绍了使用Shockwave Flash Object的ActiveX控件在Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007中播放并控制.swf格式Flash动画的方法。

Challenging Problems on Ventilated Cavitation and Paths to Their Computational Solutions

Ventilated cavitation has been successfully employed as ship drag reduction technology and potentially can mitigate flowinduced vibration. The obtained successes were based on solutions of design problems considered in the framework of ideal fluid theory with their following validation by towing tank tests. However, various aspects of the interaction of ventilated cavities with the viscous flows around the ship hulls remain unclear, whereas there is usually no possibility to simultaneously keep the full-scale Froude number and cavitation number in the test facilities. So, the further progress of the application of ventilated cavitation substantially depends on the ability of computational tools to predict this interaction. This paper briefly describes the state-of-the-art computation of ventilated cavitation and points out the most challenging unsolved problems that appeared in the model tests (prediction of air demand by cavities, ventilation effect on ship drag, on hydrofoil lift, and on the propagation of shock waves in cavities).

网络课件的开发与思索

随着Internet的发展和远程教学的提出 ,研制和开发网络多媒体CAI课件变得越来越重要 .本文说明了网络课件的概念、内容及特点 ,重点从总体设计、教学设计、软件开发、界面设计、文档完整性及网络发布性等方面阐述网络课件的设计与评价标准 .

Shockwave技术在远程网络教学中的应用

本文探讨了流媒体的工作原理以及流媒体传输技术在基于 WWW远程网络教学中的作用 ,并详细论述了通过 Macromedia公司的 Shockwave技术在