This study attempts to evaluate the rationality of the spatial layout of shopping malls and identify the urban area with poor shopping mall accessibility,as well as to provide a reference and assist decision-making fo...This study attempts to evaluate the rationality of the spatial layout of shopping malls and identify the urban area with poor shopping mall accessibility,as well as to provide a reference and assist decision-making for planning.Using the case of Nanjing,China,this study developed a method to evaluate the accessibility of shopping malls by three transport modes(car traffic,public transit,and bicycle).Specially,we divide the urban space into a regular hexagonal grid and harvest the total travel time from each of 7204 hexagon centroids to each of 129 shopping malls using the Baidu Internet map.The door-to-door travel time approach is used to evaluate all travel stages(walking,waiting,transfer,and transportation)based on travel time calculations.We further divide the shopping malls into two levels(super-regional and regional)based on the Dianping App’s information and develop the indicator of accessibility to shopping malls:the number of shopping malls within tolerance time thresholds and apply the closest facility and cumulative opportunities methods to measure accessibility scores.The results show that the accessibility estimations vary greatly with transport modes.The accessibility of shopping malls presents a concentric ring trend centered on the city center under the car traffic and bicycle modes.And public transit accessibility tends to axially extend due to the topology of bus routes and metro lines.In particular,we observe that the accessibility of shopping malls in Nanjing has an uneven spatial distribution pattern,with high accessibility values in the central urban areas and lots of underserved areas in urban fringe regions.Based on the accessibility measurements,we finally map the poor accessibility area and propose corresponding implications for urban planning.展开更多
Objective:The objective of this study is to investigate the correlation between psychological resilience and burnout levels of female employees in a shopping mall.Materials and Methods:A convenience sampling method wa...Objective:The objective of this study is to investigate the correlation between psychological resilience and burnout levels of female employees in a shopping mall.Materials and Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to select 213 female employees of a shopping mall in Xi Xian New District,Shaanxi Province,in October 2020,who were surveyed using general condition questionnaire,Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale,and burnout scale.Results:The psychological resilience score of 213 female employees was 60.52±10.12 and the burnout score was 52.44±10.76.The differences were statistically significant in psychological resilience scores regarding female employees’different age(F=46.715,P=0.000),educational level(F=3.955,P=0.021),and whether they suffered from polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)(F=−11.660,P<0.01).The differences in burnout scores were statistically significant among female employees’different age(F=19.805,P<0.01),years of work(F=53.277,P<0.01),and whether they suffered from PCOS(F=16.119,P<0.01).There was a negative correlation between psychological resilience and burnout(r=−0.787,P<0.01).Conclusion:The psychological resilience score of female employees was generally low,and they suffered from a certain level of burnout.The mall managers should take corresponding measures for female employees to improve their psychological resilience level and reduce the degree of burnout.展开更多
Shopping malls are accessed by people from all walks of life and, therefore, provision of adequate fire safety measures is equally important. In Dares Salaam, Tanzania, at large construction, use of shopping malls is ...Shopping malls are accessed by people from all walks of life and, therefore, provision of adequate fire safety measures is equally important. In Dares Salaam, Tanzania, at large construction, use of shopping malls is a relatively new experience, and risks associated with use of shopping malls, such as fire outbreak, are not evident to frequent users. The main purpose of the study is to assess awareness of fire safety measures for users and staff of two shopping malls located in Dares Salaam. The research adopted a case study strategy, and 100 respondents were involved in the study. Both random and purposive sampling methods were used to select respondents for the study. Multiple sources of evidence were used in data collection, namely literature review, observations, questionnaires and interviews. Findings indicate that both shopping malls have in place fairly fire prevention measures with varying degrees. Majority of staff and users indicated that they know fire safety measures but their poor knowledge was reflected in assessing them on diferent equipment and installations, such as foam, hose reel, sprinklers and drenchers. The paper concludes that awarenes of fire safety measure of users and staff of the two shopping malls is relatively low. It is, therefore, recommended that provision of fire safety training and instructions, such as posters for users and seminars for staff of shopping malls, shall be a main focus of shopping malls owners and responsible authorities.展开更多
Mega shopping mall projects have seen dramatic growth and great development in recent years in Egypt. Many new mega shopping mall projects are under construction and expecting to start working in the few coming years....Mega shopping mall projects have seen dramatic growth and great development in recent years in Egypt. Many new mega shopping mall projects are under construction and expecting to start working in the few coming years. In the absence of researches studying the Egyptian mega shopping mall projects, this study tries to highlight the most critical risks that face these projects and the associated most effective response methods to be employed. The scope covers the analysis from different perspectives by including owners/developers, designers, consultants, project managers, and contractors that have previous experience in large-scale projects such as shopping mall projects. In this study, 30 construction project risks are classified into six main categories according to their type and 150 risk mitigation/elimination measures are introduced to overcome the impact of risks under each of these risk categories. The results reveal that the main risk category that faces the mega shopping mall projects in Egypt is the one including the financial risk factors. The most critical risk factor that faces these projects is the financial ability of the client. These results are similar to findings by previous researches conducted for large projects in other countries.展开更多
Conflicts are common phenomena in the field of traffic engineering, while are also the main cause of all the traffic problems. The vehicle access driveway of large shopping mall is often the conflict area of urban roa...Conflicts are common phenomena in the field of traffic engineering, while are also the main cause of all the traffic problems. The vehicle access driveway of large shopping mall is often the conflict area of urban roads, traffic engineers and city managers face a great challenge as to make the traffic enter and exit the shopping mall safely and or-derly. This paper studies the issues of access management of large shopping mall with a focus on Carrefour shopping mall in Shuangjin district, Beijing. This shopping mall attracts and generates lots of traffic during peak hours, those huge numbers of vehicles come in and out of the shopping mall through the access driveway, resulting in a lot of conflicts to the urban road traffic flow and deteriorating highly smooth movement of traffic on the urban roadway. The impacts of the existing design and layout of access driveway on surrounding traffic operation are also studied in this paper. Some countermeasure of improvements had proposed to decrease traffic conflicts and make sure that the traffic conditions get better off, all the improvement countermeasures are based on the access management principles. Results from this study can be a good reference on other similar driveways at large shopping mall areas.展开更多
Consumption-oriented daily life resulted in new forms of consumption spaces in many cities. Among these spaces, shopping malls are significant with their improved physical and social environments for consumption and l...Consumption-oriented daily life resulted in new forms of consumption spaces in many cities. Among these spaces, shopping malls are significant with their improved physical and social environments for consumption and leisure for all the family. One of the important marginalized groups, to whom the mall appeals, are young people. Within this framework, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the consumption and leisure practices and experiences of young people in Turkey from their point of view. Migros, a shopping mall in Ankara, was chosen as the site for this research, where both consumption and leisure practices are overlapping within the same space. The research was carried out through observation and in-depth interviews with 104 teenagers. The results indicated that shopping malls were the main leisure and consumption site for teenagers. Teenagers＇ choice of malls as their favorite leisure and consumption space were found to be the result of some factors such as restrictions which were provoked by their parents, security concerns, location of the mall, and accessibility and limited financial resources. These factors seemed to lead to restrictions in the choice of places to spend their leisure time and limit the use of leisure spaces other than malls. As a consumer group in the mall space, teenagers had some complaints about the prices of facilities which seemed to be influential on their choices of consumption and leisure practices in the mall environment.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41571377)。
文摘This study attempts to evaluate the rationality of the spatial layout of shopping malls and identify the urban area with poor shopping mall accessibility,as well as to provide a reference and assist decision-making for planning.Using the case of Nanjing,China,this study developed a method to evaluate the accessibility of shopping malls by three transport modes(car traffic,public transit,and bicycle).Specially,we divide the urban space into a regular hexagonal grid and harvest the total travel time from each of 7204 hexagon centroids to each of 129 shopping malls using the Baidu Internet map.The door-to-door travel time approach is used to evaluate all travel stages(walking,waiting,transfer,and transportation)based on travel time calculations.We further divide the shopping malls into two levels(super-regional and regional)based on the Dianping App’s information and develop the indicator of accessibility to shopping malls:the number of shopping malls within tolerance time thresholds and apply the closest facility and cumulative opportunities methods to measure accessibility scores.The results show that the accessibility estimations vary greatly with transport modes.The accessibility of shopping malls presents a concentric ring trend centered on the city center under the car traffic and bicycle modes.And public transit accessibility tends to axially extend due to the topology of bus routes and metro lines.In particular,we observe that the accessibility of shopping malls in Nanjing has an uneven spatial distribution pattern,with high accessibility values in the central urban areas and lots of underserved areas in urban fringe regions.Based on the accessibility measurements,we finally map the poor accessibility area and propose corresponding implications for urban planning.
文摘Objective:The objective of this study is to investigate the correlation between psychological resilience and burnout levels of female employees in a shopping mall.Materials and Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to select 213 female employees of a shopping mall in Xi Xian New District,Shaanxi Province,in October 2020,who were surveyed using general condition questionnaire,Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale,and burnout scale.Results:The psychological resilience score of 213 female employees was 60.52±10.12 and the burnout score was 52.44±10.76.The differences were statistically significant in psychological resilience scores regarding female employees’different age(F=46.715,P=0.000),educational level(F=3.955,P=0.021),and whether they suffered from polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)(F=−11.660,P<0.01).The differences in burnout scores were statistically significant among female employees’different age(F=19.805,P<0.01),years of work(F=53.277,P<0.01),and whether they suffered from PCOS(F=16.119,P<0.01).There was a negative correlation between psychological resilience and burnout(r=−0.787,P<0.01).Conclusion:The psychological resilience score of female employees was generally low,and they suffered from a certain level of burnout.The mall managers should take corresponding measures for female employees to improve their psychological resilience level and reduce the degree of burnout.
文摘Shopping malls are accessed by people from all walks of life and, therefore, provision of adequate fire safety measures is equally important. In Dares Salaam, Tanzania, at large construction, use of shopping malls is a relatively new experience, and risks associated with use of shopping malls, such as fire outbreak, are not evident to frequent users. The main purpose of the study is to assess awareness of fire safety measures for users and staff of two shopping malls located in Dares Salaam. The research adopted a case study strategy, and 100 respondents were involved in the study. Both random and purposive sampling methods were used to select respondents for the study. Multiple sources of evidence were used in data collection, namely literature review, observations, questionnaires and interviews. Findings indicate that both shopping malls have in place fairly fire prevention measures with varying degrees. Majority of staff and users indicated that they know fire safety measures but their poor knowledge was reflected in assessing them on diferent equipment and installations, such as foam, hose reel, sprinklers and drenchers. The paper concludes that awarenes of fire safety measure of users and staff of the two shopping malls is relatively low. It is, therefore, recommended that provision of fire safety training and instructions, such as posters for users and seminars for staff of shopping malls, shall be a main focus of shopping malls owners and responsible authorities.
文摘Mega shopping mall projects have seen dramatic growth and great development in recent years in Egypt. Many new mega shopping mall projects are under construction and expecting to start working in the few coming years. In the absence of researches studying the Egyptian mega shopping mall projects, this study tries to highlight the most critical risks that face these projects and the associated most effective response methods to be employed. The scope covers the analysis from different perspectives by including owners/developers, designers, consultants, project managers, and contractors that have previous experience in large-scale projects such as shopping mall projects. In this study, 30 construction project risks are classified into six main categories according to their type and 150 risk mitigation/elimination measures are introduced to overcome the impact of risks under each of these risk categories. The results reveal that the main risk category that faces the mega shopping mall projects in Egypt is the one including the financial risk factors. The most critical risk factor that faces these projects is the financial ability of the client. These results are similar to findings by previous researches conducted for large projects in other countries.
文摘Conflicts are common phenomena in the field of traffic engineering, while are also the main cause of all the traffic problems. The vehicle access driveway of large shopping mall is often the conflict area of urban roads, traffic engineers and city managers face a great challenge as to make the traffic enter and exit the shopping mall safely and or-derly. This paper studies the issues of access management of large shopping mall with a focus on Carrefour shopping mall in Shuangjin district, Beijing. This shopping mall attracts and generates lots of traffic during peak hours, those huge numbers of vehicles come in and out of the shopping mall through the access driveway, resulting in a lot of conflicts to the urban road traffic flow and deteriorating highly smooth movement of traffic on the urban roadway. The impacts of the existing design and layout of access driveway on surrounding traffic operation are also studied in this paper. Some countermeasure of improvements had proposed to decrease traffic conflicts and make sure that the traffic conditions get better off, all the improvement countermeasures are based on the access management principles. Results from this study can be a good reference on other similar driveways at large shopping mall areas.
文摘Consumption-oriented daily life resulted in new forms of consumption spaces in many cities. Among these spaces, shopping malls are significant with their improved physical and social environments for consumption and leisure for all the family. One of the important marginalized groups, to whom the mall appeals, are young people. Within this framework, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the consumption and leisure practices and experiences of young people in Turkey from their point of view. Migros, a shopping mall in Ankara, was chosen as the site for this research, where both consumption and leisure practices are overlapping within the same space. The research was carried out through observation and in-depth interviews with 104 teenagers. The results indicated that shopping malls were the main leisure and consumption site for teenagers. Teenagers＇ choice of malls as their favorite leisure and consumption space were found to be the result of some factors such as restrictions which were provoked by their parents, security concerns, location of the mall, and accessibility and limited financial resources. These factors seemed to lead to restrictions in the choice of places to spend their leisure time and limit the use of leisure spaces other than malls. As a consumer group in the mall space, teenagers had some complaints about the prices of facilities which seemed to be influential on their choices of consumption and leisure practices in the mall environment.
